| Volltext: | Index academies and academicism 13, 14, 32, 114, 147, 265, 286-7, 455-8, 529, 532, 569, 684, 880, 890, 896 Academies, American 143, 266, 267, 270, 271, 287, 647, 928 Academy, Florence 536 Academy, French 23, 24-6, 32, 84, 147, 179, 554 Academy, Royal (London) 147, 271n, 311-12, 426, 427, 508-9, 772-3; annual exhibitions, 1838: 257. 1850: 436-7, 438. 1851: 440, 441-6 Academy, St Petersburg 522-5, 921, 923 Accademia Reale (Naples) 541 Adam, Paul 1017, 1033; on Degas 959, 961; on Pissarro 961; review of final Impressionist exhibition 958-62; on Seurat 959, 961; on Signac 961-2; text 958-62 aestheticism 356, 394-6, 633, 634, 650, 684, 685, 828, 833, 838, 871-2 aesthetics (Part V passim) 7, 13, 42, 51, 388, 391, 394, 610, 633, 634, 650, 724, 862, 880; aesthetic content 690-1, 711; aesthetic formalism 690; aesthetic judgement 351, 608-9, 610; Allston on 92-5; Chernyshevsky on 388-94; Cousin on 193-5; Dilthey on 724-30; empiricist aesthetics 632-5, 682; experimental 724, 726; Fechner on 632-5, 682; Fiedler on 685; Goethe on 12, 74-7; Hegel on 12, 57-69; Henry on 953-8; the individual aesthetic 869-71; Mallarmé on 591-2; materialist aesthetics 388, 391, 394; musical 479-83; Pater on 828-30; rationalist aesthetics 724, 726; Schleiermacher on 69-74; Vischer, Friedrich on 686-90; Vischer, Robert on 690-3; Zimmermann on 607-10; Zola on 552-4, 557-8 Akenside, Mark 113 Albani (Albano), Francesco 240, 451 Alberti, Leon Battista 853 alienation 280, 341, 568, 787, 798; Marx on 170-3 allegory 75, 370, 535, 882, 1058; Bürger on 381-2, 386; Goethe on 76 Allori, Alessandro 44 Allston, Washington 269, 286; on aesthetics 92-5; on individualism 93; on nature and art 94; on originality 93-4; on portraiture 93; on truth 93-5; text 92-5 Alma-Tadema, Lawrence 927 Amauray-Duval, Charles-Alexandre 319 American Civil War 311,530 American cultural 'Renaissance' 163 Amicis, Edmondo de 877; on Paris 883-8 anarchism 154, 179, 221, 795, 814, 876, 1014, 1029 anatomical study 532; Eakins on 649-51; Haydon on 232—4 ancien regime 23, 317 The Ancients (group of English Romantic artists) 125 ancients/antiquity 45, 46, 87—8, 136, 185, 205, 230, 277, 334, 363, 568, 596, 620, 646, 648, 648-9, 942; see also Greek art animation 722, 942; Degas on 565, 567 Anquetin, Louis 1018, 1019, 1056 Apollonian and Dionysian duality 740-5, 783, 784-5 applied arts 750-8; Morris on 683, 750-8; see also decorative arts; lesser arts; ornament arabesque 481-2, 1065 architecture 63, 69, 751, 785, 832; Cousin on 195; Gothic 447-9, 715; Humbert de Superville on 228,229-30,231,711; photography and 253; Pugin on 159-62; Romanesque 715; Ruskin on 447—9; Vischer, Friedrich on 689; Wagner on 473; Wölfflin on 711, 714, 722-3 Aristophanes 156 Aristotle 18,46, 153 Arnold, Matthew: on curiosity 463; on individualism 463; on a universally congenial society 462-7; text 462-7 art for art's sake 37, 192, 356, 357-9, 372, 385, 405, 407, 682, 791, 804, 925; Courbet on 372; Gautier on 95-100; Nietzsche on 786; Proudhon on 405-7; Wilde on 684, 791, 859-62 Art Nouveau 878, 1060; see also Jugendstil l'art pour l'art see art for art's sake Artel 522-3, 921 artifice 314, 484, 493, 522, 1004; Baudelaire on 502-3 artistic independence 146, 506-8, 828-32, 853-5; Cousin on 192-6; Dunlap on 266-9; Kramskoy on 523; Morse on 269-71; Proudhon on 406 Astrae, Zacharie 511, 514, 519, 1056 Aurier, G.-Albert 869, 879, 1030-1, 1033; on Gauguin 1025-9; on the Idea 1025, 1026, 1028; on modernism 1025; on Realism 1025-6; on Symbolism 1025, 1028; on Van Gogh 948-52; texts 948-52, 1025-9 Austen, Jane 773-4 avant-garde 4, 145-6, 204-6, 310, 312, 314, 530, 532, 568, 569, 572, 838, 847, 876, 877, 878, 879, 880, 903, 925, 942, 953, 1040; St Simon on 37-41 Bach, Johann Sebastian 1056 Bacon, Francis, Viscount St Albans 133, 153, 950 Bacon, Roger 266 Bahr, Hermann 878, 916; on the modern 908—11; on the Vienna Secession 914-16; texts 908-11, 914-16 Bakst, Leon 925 Balzac, Honoré de 383, 488, 492, 530, 577, 725, 763, 764-5, 890, 927, 1015; on mimesis 88, 90; on modernism 88; on Realism 88, 89-90; The Unknoum Masterpiece 88-92; text 88-92 barbarism 145, 316, 877, 1034, 1037 Index 1085 Barbizon school 117,221, 373, 940 Baroque 185, 717, 720-4 Bartolommeo, Fra 36 Barye, Antoine-Louis 180 Bashkirtseff, Marie 684, 779, 903, 904; on the nude 766-7; text 765-9 Bastien-Lepage, Jules 901, 967, 1035, 1036, 1056 Baudelaire, Charles 144, 146, 147, 177, 312, 314, 366, 370, 371, 378, 410, 462, 518, 535, 546, 559, 576, 585, 586, 685, 791, 812, 817, 878, 1003, 1014, 1025; on artifice 502-3; on the artist 493-7; on beauty 487-8, 493-4, 666; on the bourgeoisie 300-3; on colour 259-62; on conservatism 300, 302-4; Correspondences 484-5, 487, 632, 878; on critical method 485-9; on the crowd 812; on curiosity 462; on dandyism 496, 498-501; on David 497; on Delacroix 147, 261, 360; Delacroix on 327; Les Fleurs du Mal 484-5, 514, 1029-30; on genius 462, 495—6; on the idea of progress 485-9; On imagination 489-91; on Ingres 498; on modernity 493-506; on nature 502; on the nude 304; 'on the heroism of modern life' 302-4; on photography 533, 666-8; on prostitution 493, 498, 503-5; on Woman 501-2; texts 259-62, 300-3, 484-91, 493-506, 666-8 Baudry, Paul 902 Bauer, Bruno 296 Bauhaus 159 Baumgarten, Alexander 681 Bazille, Frédéric 546 Beaumont, Sir George 92, 119, 132 beauty 45, 377, 393, 686, 923, 936; in art and nature 58-9; Baudelaire on 487-8, 493-4, 666; Carus on 102; Castagnary on 411; Chernyshevsky on 388, 391-2; Courbet on 404; Cousin on 194; Darwin on 353-5; Delacroix on 362; as a dialectical product 493; Emerson on 277-80; Gautier on 98-9; Goethe on 12, 75; Hegel on 58-9, 61; ideal beauty 36, 193-4; Ingres on 184; intellectual beauty 202-3; Millet on 375; in music 479-80, 484; Nietzsche on 785; Poynter on 645-6; relativism in standards of 893; Ruskin on 202-3; Vehlen on 821-7; Vischer, Friedrich on 682, 687; Zimmermann on 608, 609; Zola on 557, 558 Beaux Arts see École des Beaux Arts Beethoven, Ludwig van 276, 993, 1008, 1010, 1050, 1056 Béliard, Edouard 571 Belinsky, Vissarion Grigorievich 388, 394; on pure art 357-9; on realism 356-9; on Russian literature 356-9; text 356-9 Benjamin, Walter 146, 280, 309, 654, 882 Benois, Alexander 925 Bentham, Jeremy 145, 185; utility (value) of the arts 149-51 Béraud, Jean 967 Berghem, Nicholas Pietersz 132, 950 Berlin Secession 1060 Berlioz, Hector 327-8, 1030, 1056 Bernard, Emile 862, 948, 988, 991, 1018; on Cézanne 985-7 Bernhardt, Sarah 781, 1035 Bernini, Gian Lorenzo 867 Bianchini, Antonio 211-13 Blake, William 125 Blanc, Charles 225; on colour 618-25; on Delacroix 622, 623, 624; on light 619-23; on Rubens 623-4; text 618-25 Blavatsky, Helena Petrovna 745-50 Block, Joseph 911 Böcklin, Arnold 818,852,904, 1056 Boileau, Nicolas 46, 362, 386, 406, 408, 724 Bonaparte, Louis Napoleon 179, 309, 509 Bonheur, Rosa 360, 772, 777, 779 Bonnard, Pierre 862 Bonnat, Léon 419 Botticelli, Sandro 867 Boucher, François 24, 96, 166, 383; Constable on 130; Goncourt brothers on 417 Boudin, Eugène 300, 314, 520-2, 574; Duranty on 578; on Meissonier 522; text 520-2 Bouguereau, Adolphe-William 455, 571, 896, 1056; Denis on 863, 864, 865; Homer on 600; Thoré on 457 Boulanger, Gustave 1025 Bourdon, Sebastian 130 bourgeois ideology 3, 530-1 bourgeoisie 3, 4, 166-7, 309, 312, 368-9, 522, 531, 877, 878, 880, 1011, 1033; aesthetic experience of 144, 222; Baudelaire on 300-3; Marx and Engels.on 177-9; philistinism of Ì44, 221-4, 1030; Thoré on 144, 220-4 Bramante, Donato 721 Breton, Jules 521, 522, 902 Breughel, Pieter 943 Brouwer, Adriaen 458 Brown, Ford Madox 440, 441, 811; on Work 458-62 Bryullov, Karl 358 Buchon, Max 370, 371; on Courbet 364-6 Burckhard, Max 916-17 Burckhardt, Jacob 683, 711, 736-40; on culture 736-40 Burger, William see Thoré, Théophile Burke, Édmund 634 Burne-Jones, Edward 811, 834, 1054, 1056 Burnet, Thomas 217-18 Burns, Robert 614, 932 Butler, Lady Elizabeth 775 Byron, George Gordon, Lord 13, 26, 28, 269 Byzantine art 877, 918, 921, 1031 Cabanel, Alexandre 414, 455-6, 457, 571, 892, 899, 901, 994; Thoré on 457, 458 Cabianca, Vincenzo 537, 539 Café Guerbois 547, 570, 576 Café Volpini exhibition 1022, 1039 Caillebotte, Gustave 576, 592, 599 Callot, Jacques 47 calotype 655, 656 camera obscura 249, 250, 251, 253 Canova, Antonio 36, 99, 452 Cantaloube, Amédée 517 capitalism 78, 170, 177, 311, 313, 345, 349-51, 875; Marx on 177, 349-51 Caravaggio 42; Bürger on 383 Carlyle, Thomas 163, 458; on mechanization 263-6; on symbols 77-80; texts 77-80, 263-6 Carolus-Duran, Émile-Auguste 1056 Carracci, Agostino and Annibale 109, 452, 458, 866, 867; Galeotti on 450, 451 Carrel, Armand lOOn Carrier-Belleuse, Albert Ernest 967 Carus, Carl Gustav: on landscape painting 12, 101-7; on mimetic art 103; on science 103, 105; text 101—7 Casas, Ramon 920 Cassatt, Mary 598, 928-30, 967; Modern Woman 928-9 Castagnary, Jules-Antoine 378, 402, 405, 410-13, 530; on classicism 411-13; on the first Impressionist exhibition 572-3; on the Ideal 411; on Manet 511-12; on naturalism 410,412, 413-15; on painting 411; on Romanticism 412-13; on the Salon des Refusés 511-12; texts 410-15, 572-3 Catholic church 81, 162, 382, 862, 882, 1054 Catlin, George 14, 134-6; Baudelaire on 261; text 134-6 Caze, Robert 958 Celentano, Bernardo 539 Cervantes 29, 382, 730 Cézanne, Paul 88, 396, 534, 572, 573, 574, 590, 592, 601, 877, 878, 879, 932, 967, 972, 994-5, 1010; Bathers 596, 597; Bernard on 985-7; GefTroy on 987-91; on harmony of art with nature 991, 992; letters 548-50, 991-2; Maison du Pendu 573, 574; on modelling 550; Modern Olympia 573, 575; and Pissarro 974—5; on plein-air painting 549; Rivière on 596-7; technical radicalism 1086 Index 991; Temptation of St Anthony 985, 987; Zola on 550-1, 989; texts 548-50, 991-2 Champfleury 364, 370, 491, 535; on Burial at Omans 366-70; on Realism 372; text 366-70 Charcot, Jean-Marie 804 Chardin, Jean-Baptiste-Siméon 383, 552 Charivari 573 Chasseriau, Théodore 319 Chaucer, Geoffrey 441 Chemyshevsky, Nikolai Gavrilovich; on imagination 389-90, 391-2; on materialist aesthetics 388-94; on science 393; text 388-94 Chesneau, Ernest 515 Chevreul, Eugène 225, 621, 953, 969, 971, 994; on colour 238—49; on history painting 246, 247; on imitation in colour 237, 239; on interiors 247; on portraiture 245; text 238-49 chiaroscuro 36, 108, 133, 690, 851; Blanc on 618,619,623; Chevreul on 240, 244; Constable on 128; Selvatico on 454; Turner on 108,112-13 Chinese art 99, 133, 418, 619, 1031 Chintreuil, Antoine 578, 1008 Christianity 33, 41, 45, 46, 48, 60, 68, 145, 317, 381, 424, 452, 746, 784, 814, 896; Bürger on 382, 384; Feuerbach on 167-70; Kierkegaard on 272, 304-5; New Christianity 38, 77, 80 Cicero 128 Cimabue 193, 211, 427, 451, 453, 809, 811, 996 Cipriani, Giovanni Battista 130; the City 163-6, 414; see also the crowd; Paris; urban mass; urbanization civilization 502; Catlin on 135; Cole on 190-2; LeBon on 812-14 Clarétie, Jules 515—16 Clark, T.J. 312,514 classicism 13, 23, 30, 37, 45, 46, 75, 183, 311, 529, 532, 557-8, 601, 614, 645, 880, 925, 926, 927; Castagnary on 411-13; Delacroix on 84; Goethe on 77; Hegel on 66-7, 69; Kierkegaard on 288-92; see also Neo- Classicism Claude glasses 676 Claude Lorraine 55, 117, 118, 119, 129, 132, 205, 676; Hazlitt on 116, Il Mulino 209; Ruskin on 201, 204, 209; Seaport 201 Clément, Charles 514 Clésinger, Jean-Baptiste Auguste 182 Cloisonnism 879, 985, 1022; Dujardin on 1018-19 Clouet, Jean 993 Cogniet, Léon 139, 180, 360 Cole, Thomas: on American scenery 136-8; plan for The Course of Empire 190-2; texts 136-8, 190-2 Coleridge, Samuel Taylor 92, 163, 185 Collins, Charles Allston 440, 441; Ruskin on 442-3, 445 collodion process 655, 658 colonialism 11; ree afte imperialism colour (Section VIB passim) 108, 146, 532, 579, 588, 615, 618-25, 625-32, 640-4, 878, 953; achromatism 621; aesthetics of 956-8; anti-naturalist use of 1025; as imaginative stimulus 1016; Baudelaire on 259-62; Blanc on 618-25; in Cézanne 987; Chevreul on 238-49; classification and nomenclature 235, 236-7; colour sensations 629; colour vision 625—32; coloured light, mixing 641—4; complementary colour 620-1, 957—8; Constable on 980; contrast, simultaneous 241-9, 244, 621; contrasts of 113, 566, 621, 958; Degas on 566; degeneracy theory and 802-3; Delacroix on 84-6, 622, 979, 980, 981, 984; Dujardin on 1019; Duranty on 579-80; empirical research 878, 953-8; expressiveness of 531, 618-19, 946, 978, 992; Field on 234-8; Gauguin on 992-8, 1024, 1037-9; Goethe on 621; harmony 235-7, 239-40, 244, 245, 248-9, 261, 543, 1021; Henry on 956-8; hues 236, 628, 640; Humbert de Superville on 226—8; Imbriani on 544-5; impressionist use of 534, 579-80, 930-1, 936, 937, 959-60, 965, 967, 968, 984; Ingres on 184; Kahn on 1011-12; Maxwell on 625-32; Neo-Impressionist use of 978-82, 984; optical mixture 238, 534, 622—3; physical causes 237-8; pigments, mixing 643—4; Pissarro on 971-5; polychromy 1011-14; Pre-Raphaelite use of 647; rhythms of 958; Rood on 640-4, 953, 957; Ruskin on 604, 605-6, 642-3; shades 236, 628, 629; Signac on 979-82; spectrum 628, 630, 631; tints 236, 628, 978n; tones and tonal values 231-2, 260, 558-9, 582, 594, 978n; transparency and opacity 236, 237; Turner on 107-14; Van Gogh on 896-7, 942, 944, 946, 947-8, 952; Zola on 559; see also light commodity 170, 171, 178; Emerson, Ralph Waldo on 277; fetishism of commodities 349-51, 932; Marx on 349-51; Vehlen on 821-7 Commune (Paris) 530, 571; see also revolution of 1871 communism 177, 791, 795; see also democracy; socialism Communist Manifesto 177-9 composition 50, 51, 196, 313, 560; Mallarmé on 588; Millet on 374 Comte, Auguste 37, 145, 830; on positivism 145, 151-5 conservatism 145, 183—5, 216-20, 313-14, 683-4; Baudelaire on 300, 302-4; Shaw's attack on 806-12 Constable, John 4, 13, 26, 114, 311, 1008; on colour 980; on David 130; on Gainsborough 130-1; The Hay Wain 13,117, 120; on landscape 117-20, 127-34; letters 117-20; on Murillo 131; on nature 1 128; on Salon of 1824 120; Stendhal on 35; on Turner 107; on Vernet 130, 132; texts 117-20, 127-34 Constant, Benjamin 899, 900 Cooper, James Fennimore 190, 269, 286 Copley, John Singleton 286 Corneille 96 Cornelius, Peter 725 Corot, Camille 147, 235, 529, 776, 852, 890, 931, 941, 961, 974, 975, 976, 977, 986, 987, 1021,= 1034; Duranty on 578; on feeling 535; on landscape 535; Signac on 976; on tonal values 231-2; working process 231-2; Zola on 559; texts 231-2, 535 Correggio 44, 211, 618, 980, 1058; Hazlitt on 115; Notte 109, 111; Selvatico on 454—5; Thoré on 458; Turner on 109, 110, 111, 113 Correspondences (Baudelaire) 484-5, 487, 632, 878, 1025, 1027 Cortona, Pietro de 129 Cottin, Mme de 276 Courbet, Gustave 312, 315, 359, 405, 410, 455, 456, 519, 522, 554, 577, 578, 585, 614, 698, 796, 797, 852, 880, 890, 892, 895, 899, 987; After Dinner at Omans 364, 366; Bathers 360; Burial at Omans 315, 361, 364, 365-70; Delacroix on 359, 360, 361; Grain Sifters 372; on history painting 403; on imagination 404; Ingres on 532; letters 370-2, 402-4; on naturalism 402-4; on the practice of art 402-4; Proudhon on 407-8; on Realism 313, 372, 402-4; Return from the Fair 407-8; Spinner Asleep 360; The Painter's Studio 361, 370-2; The Stonebreakers 364—5, 491; Two Wrestlers 360; Young Ladies of the Village 372, 578; Zola on 559, 563; texts 370-2, 402-4 Cousin, Victor 321; on expression 194, 196; on fine art 195; on Greek art 192; on the Ideal 411; on the independence of art 192-6; on Italian art 193; on sculpture 195; on sensation 194-5;text 192-6 Index 1087 Couture, Thomas 180, 531, 556, 586, 928; on colour 615-17; on drawing 615; on painting 615-18; on Rubens 618; text 614-18 Cozens, Alexander 131 craft(s) 63, 144, 750, 751, 821; art differentiated from 1020-1; women and 769-70 creativity 696-7, 880, 922, 925; Kramskoy on 523 Crébillon, Prosper Jollyot de 96 Crissé, Turpin de 35 critical method 485-9 critics: Vernet on 82-3; women critics 155; Zola on 564 Croce, Benedetto 69-70, 686 Cross, Henri Edmond 974, 983 crowd: Baudelaire on the 812; Engels on the 280, 294-6, 812; fear of the 812; LeBon on the 812-14; Poe on the 280-3, 812; Zola on the 563, 564 Cucinotta, Saro 541 cultural criticism 681-2, 684, 736-827 culture: Arnold on 462-7; as a study of perfection 464, 465; Burckhardt on 736-40; and plutocracy .320-3 Cuyp, Albert 659, 949 Dagnan-Bouveret, Pascal-Adolphe- Jean 967, 1056 Daguerre, Louis-Jacques-Maiide 249, 255-7, 667 daguerreotype 255-7, 322, 332, 416, 492, 654, 668, 677 Dalou, Aimé-Jules 902 dance 71, 74, 471; Wagner on 475 dandyism 493, 498-501; see also flânerie Dante 26, 28, 29, 46, 48, 199, 218, 267, 362, 363, 427, 455, 525, 540, 774, 921 Darwin, Charles 313, 732, 778, 1045; on aesthetic factors in sexual selection 351-5; on genius 352-3; text 351-5 Darwinism 732, 798 Daubigny, Charles-François 1008 Daumier, Honoré 312, 327, 852, 896, 900, 901, 902, 987, 1011, 1030 David, Jacques-Louis 13, 30, 86, 88, 120, 130, 147, 166, 183, 213, 318, 384, 412, 455, 456, 576, 848, 1008; Baudelaire on 497; Constable on 130; Delacroix on 86, 88; Géricault on 24; Heine on 167; Stendhal on 31, 32, 34, 36, 37 David d'Angers, Pierre Jean 180 Davy, Sir Humphry 250,251, 254 de Superville see Humbert de Superville decadence/Decadents 302, 817, 821, 857, 923, 924, 1014, 1065; Diaghilev on 925-7 Decamps, Alexandre 81, 157, 385, 417, 563 decoration 65, 751, 810 decorative arts 750-8, 759, 761, 1011; women and 770 2; see also applied arts Degas, Edgar 183, 530, 570, 575, 576, 590, 592, 602, 777, 847, 877, 890, 941, 963, 967, 974, 975, 992, 993, 1011, 1030, 1032, 1033; Adam on 959, 961; on colour 566; Duranty on 581, 590; on expression 565, 566; Fénéon on 963-4; on the graphic arts 598; Huysmans on 891—2, 893-5; letter to Pissarro 598-9; letter to Tissot 571-2; Mallarmé on 590; on modernity 565, 567; notebooks 565—9; on portraiture 566, 567; on printmaking 59.8—9; Redon on 852; Rivière on 595-6; and the Society of Independent Artists 570, 571-2; texts 565-8, 571-2, 598-9 degeneracy and degenerate art; and colour theory 802-4; de Gobineau on 336-8; Nordau on 798-806 Delacroix, Eugène 13, 14, 36, 117, 147, 157, 179, 238, 312, 319, 455, 469, 490, 563, 564, 601, 618, 776, 848, 850, 856, 890, 901, 946, 965, 967, 977, 987, 992, 993, 994, 997, 1003, 1010, 1021, 1030, 1055; Arab Actors and Clowns 182; on artistic truth 362; Baudelaire on 147, 261, 327; Blanc on 621, 622, 623, 624; Bürger on 384-5; on classicism 84; on colour 621, 622, 979, 980, 981, 984; on Courbet 372; on David 86, 88; on genius 28; Heine on 81-2; on Homer 362; on Hugo 327-8; on imagination 28, 359-60, 362; Jewish Wedding in Morocco 85-6, 182, 624; letters 84-8; Liberty Leading the People 13, 81-2, 143, 166, 181; Massacre at Chios 13, 26, 29, 30, 31, 34, 181, 384, 624; on mechanization 328-9; on Meissonier 360; on Millet 361; on modernity 326-31; on photography 359-60, 361-2; on poetry 362—3; on Realism and Naturalism 359-64; on Romanticism 26-30; Signac on 978, 979, 980, 981, 982, 983, 984; Stendhal on 31, 34; Thoré on 181-2, 386; Vernet on 81-2; Women of Algiers 157, 384; texts 26-30, 84-8, 326-31, 359-64 Delaroche, Paul 30, 34, 36, 81, 146, 156, 157, 373, 614, 1058; The Execution of Lady Jane Gray 156, 157 Delavigne, Casimir 156 Deisarte, François 565, 566 Demeney,'Paul 568 democracy 4, 136, 268, 284, 367, 378, 500, 932, 10; see also communism; socialism Denis, Maurice 685, 1020, 1054; on neo-traditionism 862-9 Descartes, René 153, 265, 409 design 267, 750, 821; Ruskin on 348, 604; see also decoration; ornament Desnoyers, Fernand 510-11 Diaghilev, Sergei 923, 924; on decadence 925-7 Diaz de la Pena, Virgilio 180, 182 Dickens, Charles 434-8, 530, 614; on the Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood 435-8 Diderot, Denis 383, 456-7, 580-1, 729 Dill, Ludwig 911 Dilthey, Wilhelm 70, 683, 711, 724-30; on aesthetics 724—30; on music 726, 727; on style 727, 729; text 724-30 discrimination see taste divisionism 795, 878, 969, 1014, 1022; Pissarro on 970-1, 972, 973, 975; Seurat on 969-70, 983; Signac on 972, 980, 982-3; see also Neo-Impressionism; pointillism Dobrolyubov, Nikolai Alexandrovich 394-6 Domenichino 44, 109, 451; Turner on 109, 113 Donatello 725, 729 d'Orléans, Princess Marie 781 Dou, Gerard 949 drama 472-3, 474,475, 794-5 drawing 108; Couture on 615; Duranty on 580-1; Eakins on 648; Klinger on 1050, 1053-4; Kramskoy on 525; Ruskin on 605-6 Drawing Association 266 dreams/dreaming 73, 592, 668, 741 Dresden Uprising 323, 471 Du Camp, Maxime 510 Du Pays, A. J. 514 Dubois-Pillet, Albert 965, 969, 971 Dujardin, Edouard 1003; on Cloisonoism 1018—19; on colour 1019 Dumas, Alexandre 927 Dunlap, William: on artistic independence 266-9; on fine art, 267; text 266-9 Durand-Ruel 570, 577, 578, 579, 586, 817, 855, 876, 959, 970, 976, 1035, 1056; letter from Picasso 970-1; letters from Renoir 600-3 Duranty, Edmond 530; on Degas 581; on drawing 580—1 ; on Fantin-Latour 578-9; on the human figure 581; on Ingres 578; on interiors 582; on landscape 583; on Manet 579; on Millet 578; on physiognomy 55, 246; text 575-84 Dürer, Albrecht 125, 129, 443, 489, 698, 726, 848, 849, 853, 877, 903, 1008, 1051-2, 1064, 1065 Dutch art 20, 23, 43, 112, 117, 126, 129, 165, 207, 408, 420, 579, 582, 849, 860, 901, 902, 944, 949 1088 Index Dyck, Antony van (Vandyke) 189, 517, 616, 618, 854; Chevreul on 246; Hazlitt on 115,116 Eakins, Thomas 419-21, 532; on drawing 648; The Gross Clinic 25, 318, 419; on originality 419-21; on teaching art 647-51; texts 419-21, 647-51 Eastlake, Lady Elizabeth 655-62 Eastlake, Sir Charles 652, 655 Eckermann, Johann Peter 621 eclecticism 157, 614; see also juste milieu Ecole des Beaux Arts 23, 26, 32, 180, 402, 412, 419, 455, 576, 580, 610, 614, 618, 765, 767, 862, 865 education 25, 769, 780, 843; Couture on 614-18; Eakins on 647-51; Paillot de Montabert on 213-16; Poynter on 644—7; Ruskin on 604-7 effect (Section IVA passim) 89, 95, 363, 536, 817 ego 296, 298, 398; see also individualism Egypt, ancient 133, 178, 193, 225, 230, 334, 354, 1001, 1007, 1021 Elgin marbles 54, 232, 234; see also Parthenon Eliot, George 168, 773, 774, 778 Elliott, Ebenezer 187 Emerson, Peter Henry 933; on photography as a pictorial art 675-7; on the Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood 676 Emerson, Ralph Waldo 506; on beauty 277-80; on individualism 277; on a new type of intellectual 162-3; texts 162-3, 277-80 emotion 186, 479-81, 815-21, 1006, 1008-9, 1029 empathy 682,686, 690,711, 717, 721 Engels, Friedrich 167, 296, 812; on the bourgeoisie 177-9; on consciousness 174, 175; on the crowd 280, 294-6, 812; on materialism 173-7; on Realism 763-5; texts 173-9, 294—6, 763-5 engraving 120, 127, 160, 257-9, 1050, 1051-2; photography and 254 Enlightenment 2, 5, 37, 114, 225 Epinal prints 560, 1018, 1019 Erasmus (of Rotterdam) 730 Etienne, Louis 511 Evelyn, John 217 evolutionary theory 313, 351-5; see also Darwin, Charles exhibitions, general 311,312, 468-70, 508, 532-3; French Salon see Salons; Impressionist exhibitions see Impressionism; International and trade exhibitions, World Fairs etc. see Universal exhibitions; Royal Academy (London) annual exhibitions see Royal Academy exhibitions, particular, by country. Austria. Vienna Secession exhibitions. 1989 (first): 917; 1902 (fourteenth): 1050; 1904 (Hodler): 1060. Belgium. Les XX, Brussels 1886: 967, 970; 1888: 1018. England. Grosvenor Galleries London 1877 (Whistler): 833-7. France. Paris 1841 (Ingres): 468; Paris 1855 (Courbet): 361, 372, 379, 519; Martinets, Paris 1862 (Millet): 375; Paris 1867 (Manet): 519-20; Paris 1885 (Manet): 1035; Revue Indépendente office, Paris 1888 (Anquetin): 1018—19; Cafe Volpini, Paris 1889 (Gauguin et al.): 1022, 1039; Père Tanguy's, Paris 1880s/1890s (Cézanne): 985, 986, 988; Durand-Ruel, Paris 1891 (Monet): 1029, 1031; Durand-Ruel, Paris 1893 (Gauguin): 1029, 1033; Paris 1894 (Symbolists, Impressionists, Neo-Impressionists): 817-18; Hotel Drouot, Paris 1895 (Gauguin): 1034-7; Vollard, Paris 1895 (Cézanne): 988; Durand- Ruel, Paris 1899 (French modern art): 976-7. Germany. Exhibition by various artists, c.1830 (C. D. Friedrich): 48—9; Stadel Institute, Frankfurt 1840 (Overbeck): 196; Munich annual exhibitions: 911; Munich 1891 (Von Marées): 702; Munich 1892: 911-13; Berlin 1892 (Munch): 1044, 1045-50. Italy. First Promotrice exhibition, Florence 1862: 536-8, 538—9, 540-1, 541; Fifth Promotrice exhibition, Naples 1867: 541-5. Russia. Wanderers: 522-3, 921-2. Spain. Third Fiesta Modernista, Barcelona 1894: 920; Switzerland. Geneva 1891 (Hodler): 1060. the exotic 14, 84-8, 380, 876 expression (Section VIB passim) 70-2, 185, 374, 547, 565, 805, 869, 876, 878, 879, 880, 992, 1060; Cousin on 194, 196; Henry on 969; Humbert de Superville on 225, 228-31; Ingres on 183; physiognomic 565, 566 Eyck, Jan van 445, 1008 the Fall 145, 191 Fantin-Latour, Henri 578-9, 833 fashion 303, 493, 502-3, 613, 884-8 Fechner, Gustav Theodor 532; on aesthetics 632-5, 682 feeling (Section I passim) 14, 42, 49, 101, 547, 608, 941; Corot on 535; Mill on 186, 189; Morisot on 941; Zimmermann on 608 Felix, Eugen 915, 916n Fénéon, Felix 958, 972, 1003, 1055; on Degas 963—4; on Gauguin 964; on the Impressionists 963-6; on Morisot 964; on Neo- Impressionism 966-9; on Pissarro 966, 967; on Seurat 963, 965-6, 967-8; texts 963-9 Ferroni, Egisto 537-8 fetishism: of commodities 349-51, 932; Marx on 350 feudalism: Marx on 177, 178; Vaughan on 164 Feuerbach, Anselm 725 Feuerbach, Ludwig Andreas 388, 405, 471; on Christianity 167-70; on idealism 168; on materialism 168; on Realism 168; text 167—70 Fichte, Johann Gottlieb 169, 300, 804 Fiedler, Konrad 685, 706; on aesthetics of artistic productivity 685; on Naturalism 698-702; texts 694—702 Field, George 225; on colour 234-8; on light 237-8; text 234-8 Fiesole, Angelico de 193 Fiesole, Giovanni di 10Ò9 Filloneau, Ernest 515 fin-de-siècle 798-9, 800, 801, 926 Fisher, John 117 Flandrin, Hippolyte 319, 577 flânerie 491-3, 496-501; see also dandyism Flaubert, Gustave 774, 796, 890, 1015, 1056 Fontana, Lavinia 455 Forain, Jean 795, 967 form 386, 529, 685, 690, 708, 709, 710, 923, 1060-1; aesthetic perception of 691-2; architectural form 228-31, 711, 714, 723; Hildebrand on 706-10; Hodler on 1060, 1061; Humbert de Superville on 711; Kunstwollen (urge to form) 731, 732; in music 479, 482; tectonic forms 711; Wölfflin on 711-14 formalism 690, 711 Foucault, Michel 146 Fourier, Charles 366 Fournel, Victor 491-3, 777 Fox Talbot, William Henry 249-55 Fra Angelico 193, 451, 809, 8,11, 864, 867, 924 Fragonard, Jean-Honoré 383 frames, picture 940, 982 Franck, César 1056 Franco-Prussian War 309, 570 frenzy 783—4 fresco 318-19 Fresnoy, Charles du 110, 111 Friedrich, Caspar David 12, 48-54, 101 Frith, Frances 662-6 Fromentin, Eugène 952 Fuseli, John Henry 92, 133, 440, 441, 443 G., Marie-Camille de 155-9, 378 Gaddi, Taddeo and Agnolo 212 Gainsborough, Thomas 130—1 Galeotti, Melchior, on the Purists 449-52 Index 1089 Galileo 57, 157 gardening 150, 195 Garland, Hamlin 930-2 Gasquet, Henri and Joachim 991-2 Gauguin, Paul 601, 602, 603, 862, 866, 876, 877, 878, 879, 948, 985, 987, 988, 1020, 1025, 1036; on barbarism 1034, 1037; on colour 992-8, 1024, 1037-9; Fénéon on 964; Huysmans on 891, 892-3; on Impressionism 992, 993-4; on Ingres 993, 994; Nude Study 891, 892-3; Pissarro on 974, 1030-1, 1032, 1033; Sérusier on 1020; on Turner 998; Vision after the Sermon 1018, 1029; texts 992-8, 1022-4, 1034-9 Gautier, Théophile 378, 685, 817, 1049; on 'art for art's sake' 95-100; on history painting 318-19; Mademoiselle de Maupin 14, 95-6; on Manet 516-17; on the novel 97-8; on utilitarianism 98-9; texts 95-100, 315-20 Gavarni (Sulpice-Guillaume Chevallier) 1030 Gay-Lussac, Joseph-Louis, report on the daguerreotype 255-7 Geffrey, Gustave: on Cézanne 987-91; on Manet 889-91; texts 889-91, 987-91 genius (Section IA passim) 13, 14, 769, 77Ó, 879; Baudelaire on 462, 495-6; Darwin on 352-3; Delacroix on 28; Géricault on 23, 26; Goethe on 76; Hazlitt on 56; Hegel on 62-3; Heine on 83; Schopenhauer on 14, 18-19; women and 777-8 Gentileschi, Artemisia 44 Geometric Style 731, 733 George, Stefan 871 Gérard, François 25 Gérard, Mlle 276 Géricault, Théodore 13, 26, 384; on genius and academies 23-6; The Raft of the Medusa 13, 23, 26; The Germ 426 Gérôme, Jean-Léon 414, 419, 455, 517, 571, 648, 847, 928, 952; Phryne 455, 456, 457; Thoré on 456-7 Gervex, Henri 967 Gesamtkunstwerk 471-6 Ghirlandaio, Domenicho 809,811, 864 Gigoux, Jean-François 319 Giorgione 33, 42, 513, 864 Giotto 193, 212, 427, 441, 453, 454, 566, 809, 832, 986 Girodet de Roucy-Trioson, Anne- Louis 25, 32, 34 Girtin, Thomas 131 glass, painting on and stained 252-3, 1014, 1018 Gleyre, Charles 546, 644 Gobelin tapestries 238 Gobineau, Joseph-Arthur, Comte de 812; on degeneracy 336-8; on inequality of the human races 336-41; text 336-41 Goenette, Norbert 967 Goethe, Johann Wolfgang von 12, 83, 613, 621, 714, 724, 725, 726, 788, 811; on aethestics 12, 74—7; on colour 621; on genius 76; on nature and art 75, 77; on originality 77; on Romanticism and classicism 77; on Schiller 76; on symbol 76; text 74—7 Gogh, Théo van 103 letters to 896-902, 942-8 Gogh, Vincent van 877, 878, 879, 988; Aurier on 948-52; on colour 896-7, 942,944,946, 947-8, 952; on the nude 902; Portrait of an Artésienne 947; Portrait of Dr Gachet 947-8; Potato Eaters 896, 897, 898; on Puvis de Chavannes 948; texts 896-902, 942-8 Gogol, Nikolai 357, 525 Göller, Adolf 721 Goltzius, Hendrick 129 Goncourt, Edmond and Jules de 415-19, 726, 778, 796, 889, 890, 1015; Germinie Laeerteux 418-19; on Greek art 417; on Guys 416-17; on Realism 415-19; on truth 417; texts 415-19 Goodyear, W. G. 734 Gothic art and architecture 126, 132, 178, 721, 722, 723, 725, 1007, 1021; Ruskin on 347, 447-9 1 Gothic revival 159 Goujon, Jean 48 Gourmont, Rémy de 869-71 Goya, Francisco de 517, 518, 519 Goyeti, Jan van 108, 950 Granet, François-Marius 157 graphic arts: Degas on 598; Klinger on 1050-4 Gray, Thomas 218, 220 Great Exhibition (1851) 310f 331, 336 Greek art 23, 31, 36, 60, 106, 120, 134, 135, 163, 165, 321, 342, 354, 359, 386, 408, 420-1, 450, 457, 568, 596, 646, 677, 709, 893, 902, 926, 1007; Chevreul on 244; Cousin on 193; Delacroix on 87-8; Eakins on 648-9; Emerson, Peter Henry on 87-8; Goncourt brothers on 417; Haydon on 233, 234; Hegel on 60, 68; Humbert de Superville on 229; Ingres on 184; Marées on 705; Marx on 343; Nietzsche on 740—5; Zola on 557; see also ancients/antiquity Greek culture and society 60, 68, 165, 184, 193, 215, 268, 277, 289, 611, 740-5 Greenberg, Clement 199 Greenough, Horatio 285-8 Greuze, Jean-Baptiste 383, 618 Gros, Antoine-Jean 25, 85, 318 the grotesque 13, 45-8, 510, 515, 517, 518 Groux, Charles de 898, 944 Guérin, Pierre-Narcisse 25, 26, 318 Guichard, Joseph 319 Guillaumin, Alexandre-Marie 948, 986; Adam on 960-1 Guys, Constantin: Baudelaire on 493, 494-5, 496, 498, 500, 501, 503, 505-6; Goncourt brothers on 416-17 Hals, Franz 950, 1008, 1010, 1011 Hamerton, P. G. 513 handicrafts see craft(s) Hanslick, Eduard 479-83 Harkness, Margaret 763 harmony 235, 375, 483, 879, 969-70, 992, 1061; see also under colour Haussmann, Baron 309, 310 Hawes, Josiah Johnson 672, 673 Haydon, Benjamin Robert: on anatomical study 232-4; on Greek art 233, 234; text 232-4 Hazlitt, William: on genius 56; on the Ideal 114—17; on originality 54-7; on the picturesque and the ideal 114—17; on Rubens 115, 116; texts 54-7,114-17 Hegel, Georg Wilhelm 12, 167, 196, 304, 356, 388, 452, 632, 633, 681, 682, 686, 688, 724, 804, 830, 869; on aesthetics 12, 57-69; on classicism 66-7, 69; Feuerbach on 168-9; on genius 62-3; on Greek art 68; on the ideal 65-6, 69; Marx on 173-6; on Romanticism 67-8, 69; on the symbolic 686, 688; text 57-69 Heine, Heinrich 80, 486-7; on David 167; on Delacroix 81-2; on the Salon of 1831 80-4; on Salon of 1843 166-7; texts 80-4, 166-7 Helmholtz, Hermann von 532, 643, 675, 676, 682, 706, 953; on optics and painting 636-40 Henry, Charles 864, 994, 1012, 1017, 1032; on colour 956-8; linear direction theory 953, 954, 955-6; scientific aesthetic 953—8; theory of expression 969; text 953-8 Heraldic Style 734 Herbart, Johann Friedrich 607, 682, 690, 693 Herder, Johann Gottfried 683 Herkomer, Sir Hubert von 902 heroism of modern life 147, 302-4 Herzen, Alexander 388 Hess, Enrico 453 Hess, Moses 294 Heyden, Jan van der 950 Hildebrand, Adolf 682, 685, 694; on form 706-10; on impression 708-9; on positivism 710 history painting 23, 139, 147, 267, 315, 471, 474, 532; Chevreul on 246, 247; Courbet on 403; Gautier on 318-19; Mill on 189; Ruskin on 208; Selvatico on 138-9 Hobbema, Meindert 119, 659, 950 1090 Index Hobsbawm, Eric 143, 875 Hodler, Ferdinand 1055; on form 1060, 1061; on parallelism 1060, 1062-4;text 1060-4 Hoecker, Paul 911 Hoflmann, E. T. A. 222, 261 Hofmannstahl, Hugo von 871-2, 916 Hogarth, William 56, 435, 437, 614, 634 Hokusai, Katsushika 946 Holbein, Hans 42,986,993 Holmes, Oliver Wendell 668-72 Homer 34, 37, 47, 184, 193, 266, 267, 279, 289, 290, 292, 578; Delacroix on 362 Homer, Winslow, on plein-air painting 599-600 Hooch, Peter de 950 Hoppner, John 56 Horace 362,407 Hudson River School 136 Hugo, Victor 95, 156, 366, 378, 386, 597, 791, 830, 877, 985; Delacroix on 327-8; on the grotesque 13, 45-8; texts 45-8, 882-3 Hugues, Madame Clovis 781 Humbert de Superville 234, 953; on colour 226-8; on expression 225, 228-31; on form 711; on Greek art 229; on sculpture 228-9; on the separation of architecture, sculpture and painting 228-31; text 225-31 Hunt, William Holman 426, 440, 441, 810, 811; Ruskin on 443, 444, 445; Valentine Defending Sylvia 443, 444, 446; Valentine Receiving Proteus 441 Hutcheson, Frances 634 Huysmans, Joris-Karl 869, 958, 1055, 1066; on Degas 891-2, 893-5; on Gauguin 891, 892-3; on Moreau 999-1003; on the nude 891, 892-5; texts 891-5, 999-1003 Ibels, H. G. 862 Ibsen, Henrik 800, 807, 808, 811, 903, 907 idea/Idea 816; abstract 291-2; Aurier on 951, 1025, 1026, 1028; Hegel on 65-6; Kahn on 1017; Platonic Idea 19,21; Purists and the 453; ruling ideas, Marx and Engels on 176—7; Schopenhauer on 15, 16, 17, 18-20, 21-2 Ideal 120, 357, 388, 450, 453, 553, 703, 880, 1056; Castagnary on 411; Cousin on 194; Feuerbach on 168; Hazlitt on 114-17; Hegel on 65-6, 69; Proudhon on 408-9; Purists and the 453; Taine on 613-14; Thoré on 457-8 idealism 4, 12, 173, 174, 388, 409, 410, 449, 608, 690, 694, 763, 879, 880, 907, 948; and materialism 174-6 idealizing 650, 698, 784 imagination 59, 351, 686-7, 709, 831, 880, 992; Baudelaire on 489-91; Chernyshevsky on 389-90, 391-2; Courbet on 404; Delacroix on 28, 359-60, 362; Schopenhauer on 18 Imbriani, Vittorio, on the macchia 541-5 imitation 12, 45, 56, 101, 185, 239, 685, 694, 695, 696, 699, 805; Bürger on 387; Carus on 105-6; Chevreul on 239,247; Greenough on 288; Quatremère de Quincy on 120-5; Ruskin on 200-2; see also mimesis imperialism 875-6; see also colonialism impression (Section IVA passim) 374, 378, 396-9, 535-603, 586, 604-7, 645-7v 876; Hildebrand on 708-9; Pater on 829; Signorini and Rigutini on 536 Impressionism 6, 396, 520, 530-1, 532, 534, 570-1, 572-600, 802, 807, 817, 818, 849, 866, 876, 878, 941, 976, 1035; Adam on 958-62; colour, use of 534, 579-80, 618, 930-1, 936, 937, 959-60, 965, 967, 968, 984; early responses to 572—6; Fénéon on 963-6; Garland on 930-2; Gauguin on 992, 993-4; Laforgue on 936-41; luminisi tendency 967; Mallarmé on 584-92; and Naturalism 576; and Realism 576; Signac on 976, 983, 984; term first used 572, 573 Impressionist exhibitions, Paris, general: 570, 967. First (1874): 520, 531, 532, 571, 572-3, 573-5, 600, 959, 988. Second (1876): 576-84. Third (1877): 592-8, 600, 988. Fifth (1880): 601, 685, 847, 851-2. Sixth (1881) 891-3. Seventh (1882): 601, 602-3. Eighth (1886): 847, 893-5, 959-62, 963-6, 970. Impressionist exhibition, Berlin, 1883: 937, 938 individualism 2, 14, 93, 146-7, 271, 372, 374, 668, 877, 923, 924—5; Allston on 93; Arnold on 463; Bürger on 381; Emerson, Ralph Waldo on 277; Kierkegaard on 146, 272-4, 304-5; Marx on 341-3; Przybyszewski on 1045-6, 1049; Stirner on 146, 296-300; Wilde on 791-4, 795 industry/industrialization 4, 39-40, 143, 145, 177, 310-11, 335, 53 see also manufacture and commerce; mass production Ingres, Jean Auguste Dominique 13, 36, 120, 147, 156, 157, 320, 386, 412, 455, 532, 577, 847, 992, 1030; Antiochus and Stratonice 468; Baudelaire on 498; on beauty 184; on colour 184; Duranty on 578; on expression 183; Gauguin on 993, 994; Grande Odalisque 470; on Greek art 184; La Source • 417; Martyrdom of St Symphorian 156, 157, 470; notebooks 183-5; on novelty 184-5; on patronage 470-1; Redon on 847, 848-9; on the Salon 468-70; Stendhal on 36; The Vom of Louis XIII 36, 183; texts 183-5, 468-71 intellectualism, hostility to 683, ' 787-91 interiors: Chevreul on 247; Duranty on 582; Mallarmé on 587 Intransigents 849; see also Impressionism intuition 68, 855, 879, 880 Irregulars, Society of 855, 858 Isabey, Jean-Baptiste 522 Israels, Jozef 901 Ivanov, Alexander 525 Izambard, George 568 Jacotot, Madame 276 Jacque, Charles-Emile 521, 522, 898 Jahyer, Félix 515 Jameson, Anna 422-6; on myth/ mythology 422-6; on religious art 422—6; on sensuous detail 422-5; texts 41-5,422-6 Jankovitz, Victor de 518 Japanese art 417-18, 560, 580, 588, 876, 891, 964, 1018, 1019, 1031 Jongkind, Johan Barthold 578, 890 judgement see under aesthetics Jugendstil 878; see also Art Nouveau juste milieu 147, 192, 312, 614; see also eclecticism Kahn, Gustave 958, 973; on the aesthetic of polychrome glass 1011-14; on vocabulary and rhythm in poetry . 1016-17; texts 1011-14, 1016-17 Kalckkreuth, Gustav Leopold von 911 Kandinsky, Wassily 685 Kant, Immanuel 57, 58, 169, 409, 608, 632, 633, 681, 804, 869, 871 Kaufiman, Angelica 130, 772, 775 Kaulbach, Wilhelm von 542 Keller, Gottfried 725 Kepler, Johannes 266 Kierkegaard, Soren: on distinction between poetry and visual art 289, 292-4; on individualism 146, 304-5; on poetry 289, 292-4; on sculpture 291-2; on self-knowledge 271-5; on subject matter 289-92; texts 271-5, 288-94, 304-5 Klee, Paul 685 Klimt, Gustav 914 Klinger, Max 818, 1050-4 König, Hugo 911 Köninck, Philips 110 Krafft-Ebing, Richard, Freiherr von 807 Kramskoy, Ivan: on Academicism Index 1091 524-5; on artistic independence 523; on national art 523; text 522-5 Kuehl, Gotthard 911 Kulturkritik see cultural criticism La Bruyère, Jean de 492, 504 La Fontaine, Jean de 383 labour 4, 171, 172-3, 328-9, 335, 341, 349-51, 458-62, 751-2, 763; alienated labour 170, 171 Lafayette, Mme de 276 Laforgue, Jules 1003, 1011; on Impressionism 936—41; on plein-air painting 94-100, 937, 938; text 936-41 Lagrange, Léon 515 Lairess(e), Gerard de 140 Lambert, George 643 Lamennais, Félicité Robert de 221, 223 landscape 4, 12, 63-4, 221, 315, 531, 561, 576, 689; American scenery 134-6, 136—8, 190; Carus on 12, 101—7; Catlin on 134-6; Cole on 136-8; colour in 235; Constable on 117-120, 127-34; Corot on 231, 535; Duranty on 580, 583; Friedrich on 49, 52-3; Palmer on 125-7; photography and 253-4, 658-9; Reynolds on 207; Ruskin on 205, 206-11; Selvatico on 138-40; Wagner on 473-4, 476n; Wordsworth on 216—20; Zola on 561 Langbehn, Julius 682, 903; critique of science 683-4, 787-9; on Rembrandt 787, 789-90; text -787-91 Langhammer, Albert 911 language 55, 363, 377, 482, 688, 815, 819, 831, 1004 Laure, Jules 158 Lavater, Johann Caspar 565, 566 Lawrence, Sir Thomas 119, 131 Le Bail, Louis 975 Le Sueur, Eustache 130 Le Sueur, Hubert 130 LeBon, Gustave 812-14 Lebrun, Charles 383, 565 Lecomte, Georges 1031 Lefèvre, Jules 892, 902 Lega, Silvestro 536, 537, 539 Legouvé, Ernest 777 Legros, Alphonse 571, 572, 644; Duranty on 577, 578 Lehmann, Henri 319 Leibi, Wilhelm 852 leisure classes 821 Lemaire, Madeleine 779 LeNain brothers 383 Leonardo da Vinci 288, 348, 489, 725, 726, 849, 853, 864, 869, 921, 1003, 1010, 1011, 1014, 1057, 1058, 1064 Leroux, Pierre 223 Leroy, Louis 509, 531, 572; on the first Impressionist exhibition 573-4 Leslie, C.R. 129, 286 lesser arts 683, 750-8, 821; see also applied art; decorative arts; design; ornament Lessing, Gotthöld Ephraim 195, 289, 705, 724, 726, 804, 831, 1052; Laokoon 195, 292, 705, 831 Lewis, John 445 Lhermitte, Léon Augustin 898, 900, 901, 902 light 13, 118, 531, 532, 580, 653; Blanc on 619-23; coloured light, mixing 641—4; Field on 237-8; Imbriani on 544; Maxwell on 626-8; reflected 606, 620; Ruskin on 606; white light 626; see also plein-air painting line 936, 937, 953, 954, 955-6, 1019 Linnell, John 125 literature 97-8, 362, 382-3, 394-6, 418-19, 450, 530; Gautier on 97-8; legendary 423-4; Russian 356-9; social change and 530; Symbolist 1015-16 lithography 139-40, 598-9 Littré, Emile: on experience 396, 399-400; on psychophysiology 396-402; on relativity 203-4; on sensation 396; text 396-402 Lockroy, Edouard 511 Lomazzo, Giovanni Paulo 108 Lombroso, Cesare 778, 802, 804, 807 Lorraine, Claude see Claude Lorraine Lotze, Hermann 711, 712, 713 Louvre 166, 179, 180, 321, 493, 561, 565, 768, 775, 891, 893 Lucas, David 127 Lucatelli (Locateli:), Andrea 129-30 Luce, Maximilien 983, 1031 Ludwig, Otto 726 Lugo, Emil 853 Lukics, Georg 763 luminosity 637-8, 639, 640, 971, 977, 982 macchia 536, 540; Imbriani on 541-5 Macchiaioli 536-41 machine-made goods 825-6, 827 Mackensen, Fritz 903, 904, 906, 907 MacMonnies, Mary 928 Maffei, Guido von 911 Maillol, Aristide 862 Mallarmé, Stéphane 530, 531, 817, 838, 869, 878, 1003, 1011; on aesthetics 591—2; on composition 588; on the Impressionists 584—92; on interiors 587; on Manet 584-92; on Manet's Olympia 586; on Monet 589; on Morisot 590; on Pissarro 589; on plein-air painting 585, 587-8, 589; on Sisley 589; on Zola 585; text 585-92 The Man of the Crowd (Poe) 280-3,495 Manet, Edouard 2, 300, 312, 314, 366, 493, 509, 530, 531, 554, 614, 618, 776, 777, 803, 808, 818, 833, 877, 941, 963, 967, 976, 987, 993, 1010, 1021, 1035, 1036, 1055; Castagnary on 511-12; Déjeuner sur l'herbe 509, 513, 561-2; Duranty on 579; Ecce Homo 514; Gautier on 516-17; Geflroy on 889-91; on holding a private exhibition 519-20; Mallarmé on 584-92; Olympia 314, 514-19, 562-3, 586; in the Salon des Refusés 510-13; and the Society of Independent Artists 571; Thoré on 512-13, 517; various critics on 510-13, 514—19; Zola on 550, 554-65; text 519-20 Mantegna, Andrea 1003, 1008 Mantz, Paul 946 manufacture and commerce 144, 345, 759, 762; see also industry/ industrialization; mass production Manzoni, Alessandro 213, 454 Marées, Hans von 685, 694; letters to Fiedler 702-6; on productive activity of the artist 702 Marlowe, Christopher 725, 729 Martin, Hector 181 Martin, Henri 1056 Martineau, Harriet 152 Martini, Simone 212 Marx, Karl 78, 80, 145, 148, 167, 312-13, 323, 750; on alienation 170-3; on art 341, 342-3; on the bourgeoisie 177-9;' on commodity 349-51; on consciousness 174, 175; on fetishism 350; on feudalism 177, 178; on Greek art 343; Heine and 80; on historical materialism 173-7; on individualism 341-3; on material production 341-2; on myth/mythology 343; on possibilities for an equitable society 343-5; texts 170-9, 341-5 349—51 Masaccio 658, 725, 729,809 mass production 159, 755-6; see also industry/industrialization; manufacture and commerce materialism 4, 77-8, 401, 717, 787; artistic materialism 732; Feuerbach on 168; historical materialism 173-7, 343-5; hostility to 683, 787-91, 878, 1040; and idealism 174-6; Marx and Engels on 173-7, 341; materialist aesthetics 388, 391, 394; Munch on 1040, 1043; philosophical materialism 78 mathematical regularities 692-3 Matisse, Henri 300, 878, 932 Maxwell, James Clerk 640, 642, 969, 971; on colour vision 625—32; on light 626-8; on sensation 625-6, 630; text 625-32 mechanization: Carlyle on 263-6; Delacroix on 328-9; Ruskin on 345-7; Wilde on 792-3 Meissonier, Ernest 180, 182, 414, 1092 Index 796-7, 952, 1058; Barricade 360, 796-7; Boudin on 522; Delacroix on 360 Memling, Hans 445, 962 Mengs, Anton Raphael 130, 450 Meunier, Constantin 795, 798 Michelangelo 26, 28, 29, 34,47, 49, 51, 99, 109, 110, 124, 129, 199, 211, 249, 265, 318, 361, 386, 387, 454, 455, 488, 536, 543, 544, 597, 672, 727, 777, 848, 849, 866, 869, 901, 993, 1058 Middle Ages 60, 159, 177, 197-8, 345, 387, 422, 423, 497, 507, 611, 740, 742, 763, 857, 866 middle class 4, 11, 144, 216, 530; see also bourgeoisie Milizia, Francesco 138 Mill, James 185 Mill, John Stuart; on eloquence 187-8; on history painting 189; on poetry 185—8; cm Rubens 189; text 185-90 Millais, John Everett 426, 435, 438-40, 441, 810; Before the Flood 438-40; Christ in the House of His Parents 435, 436; Mariana 441, 443, 446; Return of the Dove to the Ark 441, 443, 444-5, 446; Ruslcin on 442, 443, 444-5; Wives of the Sons of Noah 375-6, 443; Woodman's Daughter 441; text 438-40 Miller, William 257 Millet, Jean-François 410, 522, 798, 847, 852, 8%, 898, 899, 900, 901, 902, 927, 943; comments on 'rules of art' 374-5; on composition 374; Delacroix on 361; Duranty on 578; letters 373-8; Peasants gathering Wood 373; Redon on 847, 849; Sheep which have just been Shorn 375; Signac on 7%; on truth in painting 373-8; Woman Feeding her Children 375-6; Woman Returning from the Well 375; text 373-8 Milton, John 46, 47, 126, 133, 137, 267, 664 mimesis 74, 529, 694; Balzac on 88, 90; Carus on 103; see also imitation Minardi, Tommaso 211, 213, 453, 455 miniature painting 276-7 Modern Painters (Ruskin) 199-211 modernism (Section VIA passim) 2, 3,4, 14,37,310,311,312,314, 532, 717, 876, 877, 880-1, 889, 932, 1025; Aurier on 1025; Balzac on 88 modernista (Barcelona) 920 modernity (Part III passim) 2, 3, 4, 144-5, 146, 378-9, 380-1, 530, 565, 567, 576, 581-4, 594, 876, 882, 889, 1025; Bahr on 908-11; Baudelaire on 302-4, 493-506; De Amicis on 884-8; Degas on 565, 567; Delacroix on 326-31; Poe on 283-5; Zola on 555 Modersohn, Otto 903, 907 Modersohn-Becker, Paula 877, 903-4; commitment to naturalism 903-8; on Worpswede 903-8 Molière 932 Molins, Auguste de 570 • Monet, Claude 521, 522, 570, 572, 575, 589, 592, 602, 817, 847, 890, 931, 938, 959, 963, 967, 974, 975, 976, 986, 987, 989, 994, 1010, 1029, 1031, 1033, 1035; Impression-Sunrise 573, 575; letters 546-8; Mallarmé on 589; Pissarro on 1031; Rivière on 594-5; Signac on 976; Women in the Garden 546; text 546-8 Monge, Gaspard 621-2 Montifaud, Marc de 517 Moore, Albert 837 Moore, George 684; on Morisot 773, 774, 775-6; on women in art 773-6;text 773-6 morality (Section IIB, Section IIIC passim) 320, 406, 502 Moréas, Jean 878; Chronique (phantasmagoria) 1017-18; statement of Symbolist principles 1014-16; texts 1014-16, 1017-18 Moreau, Gustave 591, 1011, 1018, 1054; Huysmans on 999-1003 Morelli, Giovanni 539 Morisot, Berthe 570, 572, 574, 592, 593, 602, 774, 775, 777, 847, 963; on expression of feeling 941; Fénéon on 964; Mallarmé on 590; Moore on 773, 774, 775-6; Redon on 851-2; Rivière on 597-8; text 941 Morland, George 42 Morris, William 159, 683, 810, 821, 826, 828, 1011, 1033-4; on art under plutocracy 758-63; on the 'fine' and the 'applied arts' 750-8; on science 757; Shaw on 810-11; on simplicity 756; texts 750-63 Morse, Samuel 266, 286; on patronage 164, 269—71; text 269-71 motifs 333, 334, 484, 683, 733, 974 Mozart, Wolfgang Amadeus 33, 99, 184, 265, 276, 289, 328, 333, 361, 727, 908, 1010 Müller, J. J. 642 Mulready, William 445, 614 Munch, Edvard 879, 1039-44; on materialism 1040, 1043; on Naturalism 1040, 1043; P.-zybyszewski on 1044—50; St Cloud Manifesto 1040-1; Scream 1040, 1044; on subjective vision 1040, 1041-2; on subjectivity 1041-3; text 1039-44 Munich Secession 911, 935, 1060 mural painting 318-19, 771, 928 Murillo, Bartolome Esteban 320, 618, 844; Bürger on 383; Constable on 131 Museum of Manufactures (Victoria and Albert Museum) 159 music 15, 74, 150, 275, 352, 425, 471, 636, 689, 831, 833, 992, 1008, 1009, 1023; Dilthey on 726, 727; euphony 481; form in 482; Hanslick on 479-83; harmony 481, 608; Nordau on 810, 811; Pater on 833; rhythm 481; Schleiermacher on 71, 72, 74; Schopenhauer on 15, 21, 22; Wagner on 475, 969; Wölfflin on 713 musical qualities of painting 992 Musset, Alfred de 551, 985 mysticism 879; Pissarro on 1031, 1032 myth/mythology 312, 373, 381-2; Bürger on 382, 383—4; Jameson on 422-6; Marx on 343 Nabis 862, 879, 948, 976, 1020 Napoleon Bonaparte 4, 11, 12, 26, 143, 225, 288 Napoli, Giuseppe di 537 national art 523, 923-4 National Gallery, London 808, 843 natural selection 351-5; see also Darwin, Charles; evolutionary theory Naturalism (Section HIB passim) 13, 120, 145-6, 314, 356-421, 444-5, 449, 454, 490, 572, 585, 601, 645, 654, 667, 675, 725, 729, 734, 746, 869, 876, 877, 878, 880, 889, 903, 907, 920, 930, 958-9, 992, 999, 1014, 1016, 1017, 1022, 1030, 1034, 1036, 1039, 1040, 1064; Castagnary on 410, 412, 413-15; Courbet on 402-4; Delacroix on 359; Fiedler on 698-702; Galeotti on 449-50; and Impressionism 576; Modersohn-Becker and 903-8; Munch on 1040, 1043; psychic naturalism 1044-50; search for modern forms of 572; shift away from 685; Strindberg on 1034, 1035-6; Zola on 950 nature (Part I, Section IB, Section IIB passim) 14, 45, 50, 114, 145, 235, 277, 313, 317, 333, 373, 378-9, 385, 451, 458, 474, 490, 557, 558, 606, 686-7, 751, 904, 1034; Allston on 94; and art 58-9, 75, 77, 95; Constable on 128; divinity of 104, 107; empirical study of 145, 146; Goethe on 75; Hegel on 58-9; individual response to 12, 14, 49; Palmer on 125, 126; Poynter on 644-7; Thoré on 221-3 Nazarenes 12, 49, 125, 196, 198, 211, 434, 458, 1055; Selvatico on 452-3 Neo-Classicism 54, 213-14, 449-50, 456-7 Neo-Impressionism 618, 795, 817, 876, 877, 878, 879, 936, 963, 966-9, 967n, 975, 976; colour, use of 965-6, 978-82, 983-4; Fénéon on 964-6, 966-9; Signac on 978-82, 984; technique, Index 1093 development of 641; see aiso divisionism, potntillism Neo-Traditionism 862-9 New Christianity 38, 77, 80 New England Transcendentalists 162 Newton, Sir Isaac 264. 266, 619. 620, 626, 627, 664, 777 Newton, Sir William 652-4, 656, 657 Nicéphore Niépce 255 Nietzsche, Friedrich 74, 736, 817, 879, 903, 905; on the Apollonian and Dionysian duality 740-5, 783, 784-5; on art as a stimulus to life 683, 781-3; on Greek culture 740-5; on the underlying purpose and function of an 783-6; texts 740-5, 781-86 Nittis, Giuseppe de 967 Nordau, Max 682; on degeneracy 798-806; on modern an as symptom of modern ills 684, 802-6; on music 810, 811; Shaw on 806-12;text 798-806 Northcote, james 115,120 Novalis 690, 829 nude 31, 32, 360, 371, 373, 384, 647, 891-5, 1058; Bashkirtseif on 766-7; Baudelaire on 304; Huvsmans on 891, 892-5; Thoré on 455, 456-7; Van Gogh on 902 objectivity 15, 17, 18, S33, 573, 878 Olbrich, Josef 917 Omega Workshops 159 opera 36, 289, 471-8, 479 optics 238, 532, 534, 939; Heimholtz on 636-40 Oriental an 315, 316-17, 416; see aiso Chinese an; the exotic; Japanese art originality (Section IA passim) 14, 50, 584, 772, 1066; Allsten on 93; Burger on 381; Eakins on 419-21; Goethe on 77; Haziitt on 54-7; Zola on 563—4 ornament 65, 346, 353, 683, 1012, 1062; Pugin on 160-1; Riegl on 730, 731-5 Ossian 33 Ostade, Adriaan van 943, 950 Ottin, Auguste 570, 571 Overbeck, Friedrich 196, 211. 213; Vischer, Friedrich on 196-9 Ovid 127 Owen, Robert 345, 764 Paillot de Montabert, Jacques, on the arts in education 213-16 painterly style 717-20 Palizzi, Filippo 541, 543 Palmer, Bertha 928-30 Palmer, Samuel 125-7 Panini, Paolo 130 pantheism 66, 305, 401, 402 parallelism (Hodler) 1060, 1062-4 Paris 309. 777, 877, 883-8, 903. 908 Parny, Vicomte de 406 Parthenon 230, 233, 321, 578. 596. 650 see aiso Elgin marbles Pascal, Blaise 230, 284, 406, 784, 1056 Pater, Walter 684, 791, 871; aesthetic attitude 828-30; on experience 829; on impression 829; on music 833; texts 828-33 patronage 14, 132, 146, 162, 285, 848; Dunlap on 164, 267, 268-9; Ingres on 470-1; Morse on 164, 269-71; Vaughan on 164-5, 166 Pau, Marie 941 peasantrv 361, 373-4, 897, 898, 899, 900-1, 902 Péladan, Joséphin 'Sâr' 1054-60 Pennsylvania Academy 647 perception 604, 636, 694, 707, 953, 975; Heimholtz on 636-40; positivist theories of 396-402; Ruskin on 604-5, 606n; Schopenhauer on 15, 16 perspective 441, 588, 936-7; aerial 110, 111, 238-9 Perugino. Pietro 42, 196, 197. 1010 pessimism 681, 782, 798 Petrarch 137 phenomena 397, 400, 401, 691, 693, 713, 747 Phidias 184, 185, 193, 233, 234, 267, 316, 386, 387, 578, 649, 704 Philistinism 144, 178, 221-4, 800-' ; Shaw on 808-9; Thoré on 144,221—4 Photo-Secession (Stieglitz) 932-3 photogenic drawing see photography Photographic Societv of London 652 photography (Section IVC passim) 4, 146, 416, 533, 582, 652-77, 865, 901; Baudelaire on 533, 666-8; colour photography 653-4. 994, 995, 997; daguerreotype 255-7, 322, 332, 416, 654. 668, 677; Delacroix on 359-60, 361-2; Emerson, Peter Henry on 675-7; as an expressive art 675, 932-5; as a form of communication 655, 660-1; Fox Talbot on 249-55; Frith on 662-6; Holmes on 668-72; Kierkegaard on 291-2; Lady Eastlake on 655-62; and landscape 253-4, 658-9; naturalistic approach to 675; Newton, William on 652—4; and paintings, compared 668-72; as pictorial art 533, 653—4, 662-6, 675-7; portraiture 252; relation to the arts 652-60, 672-4; and sculpture 254; Southworth on 672-4; stereoscopic viewing 655, 668-70; Stieglitz on 932-5; truthfulness of 663-4; Wiertz on 654-5 physiognomy 55, 246, 566; Duranty on 581 the picturesque 14; Haziitt on 114—17; Wordsworth 216-20 Piette, Ludovic 967 Piglhein, Bruno 911 Piles, Roger de 140 Pindar 279 Pisano, Nino 347 Pissarro, Camille 405, 535, 570, 572, 574, 589, 592, 602, 817-18, 847, 876, 878, 879, 936, 938, 946, 959, 962, 963, 965, 968, 969, 976, 985, 986, 989, 1022, 1055; Adam on 961; Cezanne's letters to 549-50, 970-5; on colour 971-5; Degas's letter to 598-9; on divisionism 970-1, 972, 973, 975; Fénéon on 966, 967; on Gauguin 974, 1030-1, 1032, 1033; Hoar-frost: the Old Road to Emery 573, 574; Mallarmé on 589; on Monet 1031; on Puvis de Chavannes 974; Rivière on 597; on Seurat 973; Signac on 976-7; on Symbolism 1029; working method 975; texts 970-5, 1029-34 Pissarro. Lucien 965. 970, 971, 1029 Plato 18, 126. 226, 284, 316, 747, 748, 1026 plein-air painting 535, 546, 849; Cézanne on 549; Homer on 599-600; Laforgue on 937, 938, 940; Mallarmé on 585, 587-8, 589 plutocracy 321-3, 758-63 Poe, Edgar Allan 146, 518, 685, 812; from The Man of the Cromi 280-3, 495; on resistance to 'utility' and 'progress' 283-5; on the urban mass 280-3; texts 280-5 poetrv 46, 63, 74, 206, 357, 471, 479-80, 569, 794, 1008, 1009; Delacroix on 362-3; eloquence and 188; Kahn on 1016-17; Kierkegaard on 289, 292-4; Mill on 185-9 Poetzelberger. Robert 911 potntillism 982, 983; see aiso divisionism; Neo-Impressionism Poliamolo. Antonio 809 Pont de l'Europe (Caillebotte) 592 porcelain, painting on 276, 856 pornography 417.667 portraiture 54-5, 315. 358, 533; Allsten on 93; Chevreul on 245; Degas on 566, 567; photographic 252; Van Gogh on 947 positivism 145, 146. 3%, 410, 572, 610-14, 681. 746; Comte on 145. 151-5; Hildebrand on 710; Taine on 610; theories of perception 396-402 Potter, Paulus 950 Poussin, Nicolas 55. 88, 91—2, 113, 117-18, 129, 130, 182, 184,374, 383, 386, 457, 1056, 1058; Arcadia 457; Deluye 113 Poynter, Sir Edward 531; on originality 645-6; on Pre- Raphaelite movement 646-7; on 1094 Index purity 646-7; text 644—7 Pradier, James 182 Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood 147, 311-12, 314, 426-7, 434-5, 438, 591, 810, 861, 1032, 1055; colour, use of 647; criticism of 434-5, 440; Dickens on 435-8; Peter Emerson on 676; Poynter on 645, 646-7; Ruskin on 440-6 primitives/primitivism 315, 317, 338, 864, 876-7, 878, 880, 895, 960, 962, 1019, 1021, 1026, 1034 printmaking: Degas on 598-9; Turner on 257-9; see also engraving; lithography Privat, Gonzague 517 Prix de Rome 23, 25, 183, 767 Procaccini, Giulio Cesare 455 production: bourgeois mode of 178; material production 341-2 productive activity of the artist: Fiedler on 699; Marées on 702; Taine on 611-13 progress 2, 136, 145, 411, 667; Baudelaire on 485, 488—9; Delacroix on 327-31 proletariat see working class Promotrice Exhibition 536, 541-5 prostitution 158, 282, 331; Baudelaire on 493, 498, 503-5 Proudhon, Pierre-Joseph 78, 327, 341, 366, 370, 371, 404-10, 750, 777, 797, 1032, 1033; on art for art's sake 406, 407; on the ideal 408-9; on Realism 408; on Romanticism 405; on science 405; text 404-9 Prud'hon, Pierre Paul 32 Przybyszewski, Stanislaw: on Individualism 1045-6, 1049; on Munch 1044-50 psychology 690, 716, 717, 783-4 psychopathology of the artist 682 psychophysiology, Littré on 395-402 the public 51, 563-5, 666, 922; see also the crowd; urban mass Pugin, Augustus Welby 434, 438, 683, 750; on architecture 159-62 Pujol, Abel de 180 • pure art 356, 394, 646; Belinsky on 357-9; see also art for art's sake Purists/Purism: Bianchini on 211-13; Galeotti on 449-52; Selvatico on 452-5 purity (of colour) 640, 642, 646-7 Puvis de Chavannes 591, 802, 817, 866, 966, 992, 993, 994, 997, 1036, 1054, 1056, 1058, 1060; Pissarro on 974; Strindberg on 1036; Van Gogh on 948 Quatremère de Quincy, Antoine, on imitation 120-5 Quinet, Edgar 386 Quintilian 133 Rabelais, François 366, 382, 493, 730, 1015 Racine, Jean 37, 156, 362, 386, 493, 612 Raffaëlli, Jean-François 863, 864, 898, 899, 900, 902, 962, 967 the railway 144-5, 177, 216-20, 310, 316, 330 Ranke, Leopold von 724 Ranson, Paul 862 Raphael 36, 44, 49, 51, 89, 90, 99, 109, 116, 124, 125, 184, 185, 196, 197, 211, 212, 265, 267, 276, 289, 434, 453, 454, 457, 488, 493, 501, 718, 727, 809, 864, 867, 980, 1008; Bürger on 385-7, 457; Cousin on 193; Dickens on 435; Dilthey on 727; Gautier on 318-19; Hazlitt on 116; Mill on 189; Nietzsche on 744, 784; Ruskin on 348, 443; Transfiguration 109, 740, 744 Ravenel, Jean 514, 518-19; see also Sensier, Alfred Realism (Section HIB passim) 2, 92, 147, 192, 300, 313, 314, 356-421, 489, 529, 531, 533, 552, 571, 577, 585, 608, 685, 847, 852, 861, 880-1, 896, 921, 925, 926, 927, 942, 950, 951, 964, 1025; Aurier on 1025—6; Balzac 88, 89-90; Belinsky on 356-9; Champfleury on 372; Courbet on 313, 372, 402-4; Delacroix on 359, 361-2, 363-4; Engels on 763-5; Feuerbach on 168; Goncourt brothers on 415-19; Impressionism and 576; misconceptions of 366; opposition to 192; Proudhon on 407-8; Wyzewa on 1006 Redon, Odilon 818, 976, 999, 1011, 1018, 1054, 1056; on Degas 852; on the fifth Impressionist exhibition 685, 847—52; on Ingres 847, 848-9; on Morisot 851-2; on Rembrandt 847, 848, 850; on Rubens 847, 850; on suggestive art 1064-6; on Velasquez 849; texts 847-52, 1064-6 Reed, Luman 190 Regamey, Guillaume 898, 902 Regnault, Henri 895 relation, ideas of 203-4 religion 12, 103, 415, 422-6, 439-40, 782; Arnold on 464; Burckhardt on 736, 737; see also Christianity religious art; Jameson on 422-6; Vischer, Friedrich on 196-9 Rembrandt 115, 129, 320, 368, 384, 457, 656, 657, 839, 844, 877, 890, 893, 903, 924, 993, 1010, 1021, 1024; Langbehn on 787, 789-90; Redon on 847, 848, 850; Turner on 108,109,110, 111, 113 Renaissance 156, 196, 345, 381, 387, 404, 408, 409, 427, 435, 497, 553, 645, 717, 718, 720, 723, 809, 810, 828, 851, 857, 860, 864, 867, 902, 1007, 1026 Renan, Ernest 192, 462; on culture and plutocracy 320-3; text 320-3 Renard, Jules 869 Reni, Guido 44, 109, 451, 454; Pietà 454 Renoir, Edmond 592 Renoir, Jean 858 Renoir, Pierre Auguste 530, 546, 548, 570, 571, 572, 574, 576, 592, 685, 818, 847, 963, 967, 974, 975, 976, 989, 990, 1004, 1033; Ballai the Moulin de la Gallette 592, 593, 594; Dancer 573, 574; and the Impressionists 600-3; letters to Durand-Ruel 600-3; Mallarmé on 590; Rivière on 593, 594; Signac on 976; texts 600-3, 855-9 Repin, Ilya 921, 922, 923-5 republicanism 11, 136, 164, 166, 221, 267, 315 Restout, Jean 24 revolutions (Section IIA passim) 163, 298, 759; American Revolution 11; French Revolution (1789-1815) 11-12, 37, 101, 114, 130, 225; Revolution of July 1830 81-2, 143; Revolution of 1848 143, 148, 173, 179, 180, 309, 312, 315, 323-6, 361, 367, 368, 373, 725; Revolution of 1871 568; see also Commune Reynolds, Sir Joshua 54, 92, 108, 109, 110, 111, 118, 130, 232, 286, 287, 657, 775; on landscape 207; Romney on 54-6 rhythm 956, 1015, 1016-17 Ribera, José 383, 514 Ribot, Théodule 514, 515, 521, 522 Ricardo, David 341, 342 Ricci, Marco 130 Riegl, Alois 683, 730—5; on style 730-5 Riesener, Léon 319 Rigutini, Giuseppe: on the Macchiabili 536, 538-9 Rilke, Rainer Maria 916 Rimbaud, Arthur 531; and the avant-garde 568-9; on Romanticism 568; on self-knowledge 568-9;text 568-9 risorgimento 536 Rivière, Georges 592-8 Robert, Hubert 139 Robert, Léopold 81, 83, 384 Rockel, August 323 Rodin, Auguste 866, 869, 889, 932 Rodriguez, O 38 Romano, Giulio (Julio) 110, 406, 809 Romanticism 2, 12, 13, 14, 30, 45, 48, 81,95, 101, 114, 120, 125, 138, 156, 211, 263, 275, 283, 313, 359, 372, 379, 380, 390, 410, 555, 568, 580, 585, 601, 613, 614, 690, 699, 861, 862, 867, 879, 925, 926, 927, 1014; American development of 136, 162-3; Bürger on 379, 381, 384, 385; Castagnary on 412-13; Delacroix on 26-30; Goethe on 77; Hegel on 67-8, 69; Proudhon on 405; Rimbaud Index 1095 on 568; Stendhal on 50, 37 Rome, ancient 33, 88, 178, 184, 268, 448 Romney, George 54-5, 56, 775 Rood, Ogden 532, 604, 969, 971, 994; on colour 640-4, 953, 957 Rops, Felicien 1011 Roqueplan, Camille 319 Rosa, Salvator 37, 55, 118, 132, 383 Rossetti, Dante Gabriel 426-34, 811 Rossetti, William Michael 427 Rossini, Gioacchino 36, 361 Rouart, Henri 570 Rousseau, Jean-Jacques 223, 320, 341-2, 383, 404, 729, 830, 1014 Rousseau, Théodore 180, 220-1, 410, 1008 Roussel, Ker-Xavier 862 Royal Academy see Academy, Royal Rubens, Peter-Paul 26, 42, 85, 129, 158, 189, 240, 276, 320, 497, 716, 832, 854, 981, 1001, 1010, 1024; Blanc on 621, 623-4; Couture on 616, 618; Crucifixion 850; Hazlitt on 115, 116; Mill on 189; Redon on 847, 850; Turneron 109, 111, 113 Rudé, François 180 ruling class 164-5, 176-7 Rusifiol, Santiago 920-1 Ruskin, John 159, 314, 683, 750, 791, 810, 821, 826, 833, 834, 877; on colour 604, 605-6, 642-3 ; on design 345-8, 604; on drawing 605-6; on Gothic architecture 447-9; on history painting 208; on Hunt 44, 443, 445; on ideas of beauty 202-3; on imitation 200-2; on landscape 205, 206-11; letters 440-6; on light 606; on Millais 442, 443, 444-5; Modem Painters 199-211; on perception 604-5, 606n; on the Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood 440-6; and principles of avant-gardism 204-6; on relation; ideas of 203-4; on the social context of art 345-8; on taste 199-200, 202; on truth in art 199-202; and Whistler's libel action 684-5, 833-8; texts 199-211, 345-8, 440-9, 604-7 Ruysdael, Jacob van 21, 117, 119, 457, 659, 950 Rysselberghe, Théo van 983 St Luke, brotherhood of 1% St Simon, Claude-Henri de Rouvroy, Comte de 80, 86, 96, 98, 145, 151, 179, 368, 764, 880; on social transformation 37-41 Sainte-Beuve, Charles Augustin 463 Saint-Victor, Paul 514-15 Salons, Paris 7, 147, 183, 214, 215, 311, 468, 469-70, 520, 532, 554, 597, 601, 766, 779, 863, 1004-5, 1011. of 1819: 23, 468. of 1822: 26. of 1824: 13, 30-7, 117, 120. of 1831: 80-4, 143, 486. of 1834: 155-9, 468. of 1843: 166-7. of 1844: 220. of 1846: 259, 301^1, 521. of 1847: 614. of 1848: 179-82, 366, 373, 468-70. of 1850/51: 316, 364-6, 367-8, 408. of 1853: 360-1, 408. of 1859: 489, 666. of 1861: 455-8. of 1863: 376-7, 410, 509. of 1864: 941. of 1865: 314, 377-8, 514-19, 546, 562. of 1866: 519, 546, 550, 552-4, 989. of 1867: 413-15, 546. of 1868: 546. of 1869: 546, 547. of 1870: 546, 548. of 1876: 1022. of 1878-1883: 600. of 1881: 601. of 1883: 889. of 1890: 863. Salon du Champ de Mars, Paris 1891 (Hodler) 1060 Salon des Indépendents, Paris 1888: 985, 1018. Paris 1891: 795-8. Paris 1895: 974 Salon de la Rose + Croix, Paris 1892: 976, 1054-60 Salons des Refusés, Paris 1863: 314, 509-13, 530, 570, 578, 614, 833. Paris 1873: 570 Sand, George 383, 725, 774, 777, 778, 796 Sartor Resartus (Carlyle) 77-80 Satie, Erik 1056, 1057 Schadow, Johann Gottfried 453 Schalken, Godfried 110, 950 Schapiro, Meyer 530-1, 876-7 Scheffer, Ary 36, 81, 157 Schelfhout 898 Schelling, Friedrich : 169, 356, 632, 633, 724 Schiller, Friedrich 76, 745, 932 Schlegel, Friedrich 70 Schlegel, Wilhelm 724 Schleiermacher, Friedrich: on aesthetics 69-74; on music 71, 72, 74 Schmidt, Johann Kaspar see Stirner, Max Schnett, Jean Victor 34, 36-7, 81 Schopenhauer, Arthur 13, 14, 681, 740, 741, 742, 781, 786, 869, 879, 992, 1014, 1050; on genius 14, 18-19; on the Idea 15, 16, 17, 18-20, 21-2; on imagination 18; on music 15, 21, 22; on perception 15, 16; subjective idealism 694; text 15-22; theory of the Will 1050; on 'will-lessness' 15—22 Schumann, Robert 726 Schussele, Christian 647, 648 science (Section IVB passim) 12, 17, 37, 57, 59, 145-6, 320, 390, 392, 396-402, 412, 555, 608, 610, 878, 964; Carus on 103, 105; Chernyshevsky on 393; critique of 683-4, 787-9; Morris on 757; Proudhon on 405; Semper on 331 Scott, Leader 684; on women artists 769-72 Scott, Walter 26,269 sculpture 63, 76, 705, 741, 751, 1054; Cousin on 195; Humbert de Superville on 228-9; Kierkegaard on 291-2; photography and 254 secessions 871, 877-8; see also Berlin Secession; Munich Secession; Vienna Secession self-knowledge 68; Kierkegaard on 271-5; Rimbaud on 568-9 Selvatico, Pietro: on history painting 138-9; on landscape 138-40; on the Nazarenes 452—3; on the Purists 452-5; texts 138-40, 452-5 Semper, Gottfried 715, 726, 731, 732; on architecture 159; on scientific progress 331-6; on style 333-5 sensation/senses 569, 573, 879, 1006-7; colour sensation 629, 942; Cousin on 194-5; Littré on 396; Maxwell on 625-5, 630 sensibility 12, 880, 918-19; Friedrich on 49, 53-4 Sensier, Alfred 373, 376, 377, 378; on Manet's Olympia (as Ravenel) 514, 518-19 sensual effect 42-5, 68, 69, 123-4, 199, 484 Serenesi, Rafiaelle 536, 537 Sérusier, Paul 862, 866-7, 1020-1; on Gauguin 1020 Seurat, Georges 225, 618, 795, 797, 847, 878, 953, 958, 959, 963, 969, 971, 983, 994, 1018, 1055; Adam on 959, 961; on divisionism 969-70, 983; Fénéon on 963, 965-6, 967-8; Pissarro on 973; Sunday Afternoon on the Island of the Grand Jam 959, 962, 965-6; text 969-70 Sévigné, Mme de 276 sex/sexuality: Darwinian theory and 351-5; Huysmans on sexuality in Moreau 1000—2; Moore on 'Sex in Art' 773-7; see also Woman; women artists shadow 544, 981; Couture on 617; Field on 237; see also chiaroscuro Shakespeare, William 26, 34, 37, 48,96, 115, 118, 119,222,266, 267, 342, 343, 382, 393, 664, 670, 725, 728, 729, 730, 791, 809, 844, 932, 993 Shaw, George Bernard 684; on Philistinism 808-9; response to Nordau's Degeneration 806-12 Shee, Martin Archer 27In Shelley, Mary 724 Shelley, Percy Bysshe 724, 932 Sigalon, Xavier 30, 33, 34, 36; Narcissus 33 sign/signification 225-31, 1009; see also symbol(s) Signac, Paul 618, 682, 847, 863, 879, 959, 969, 970, 971, 985, 1055; Adam on 961-2; on Delacroix 978,979,980, 981, 982, 983, 984; on divisionism 972, 980, 982-3; Fénéon on 963, 965, 966; on Impressionism 1096 Index 983, 984; on Monet 976; on Neo-Impressionism 97H 82, 984; on Pissarro 976-7; Pissarro on 973, 974; on Renoir 976; on Sisley 976; on Turner 978; texts 795-8,975-85 Signorini, Telemaco, on the Macchiaioli 536-7, 560 Simone see Martini Sincère, Marie 780 sincerity 314, 520, 535, 991 Sisley, Alfred 546, 570, 572, 589, 592, 602, 818, 847, 967, 976; Mallarmé on 589; Signac on 976 Slade School 644 Smith, Adam 341-2 social sciences 145, 724; see also positivism social transformation 37, 38-41, 144, 144-5, 530, 880 socialism 367, 373, 376, 684, 750, 762-3, 882; anarchist socialism 1029; Christian socialism 8%; Utopian socialism 37, 155; Wilde on 684, 791-3; see also communism; democracy Society of Female Artists 508 Society of Independent Artists 532, 571; constitution 569-71 Socrates 271, 279 Somerville, Mary 777 Somov, Konstantin 925 Sophocles 932 soul 125; Baudelaire on 498; Munch on 1043; Proudhon on 407; Rimbaud on 568-9; Rossetti on 432-4; Wilde on 791-5 Southey, Robert 92 Southworth, Albert Sands 672-4 'souvenir' 535 Sovremennik 356, 388, 394 Spencer, Herbert 420, 778, 864, 931 Spinoza, Benedict 169 spiritualism 745, 746, 747 spirituality of art; Carus on 103-4; Friedrich, Caspar David on 49-50, 70; Millais on 438-41 spontaneity 532, 572, 879, 941 Sprangher, Bartholomäus 129 Staël, Madame de 276, 777, 778 Stasov, Vladimir 523 Stendhal 1015; on Constable 35; on David 31, 32, 34, 36, 37; on Delacroix 31, 34; on Ingres 36; on Romanticism 30, 37; on the Salon of 1824 30-7; on Vernet 31, 37 stereoscopic viewing 655, 667, 668-70, 671-2 Stevens, Alfred 899 Stieglitz, Alfred 932-5 Stirner, Max 146; on the ego 296, 298; on freedom 296-300; on individualism • 146, 296-300; text 296-300 Strindberg, August: on Gauguin 1035-6; on Naturalism 1034, 1035-6; on Puvis de Chavannes 1036 Stuart, Gilbert 286 Stuck, Franz 818,911 style: Delacroix on 333-4, 335; Dilthey on 727, 729; history of 682-3, 720-1; psychology of 683; Riegl on 730-5; Semper on 333-5 subjectivism 14, 568, 831, 847, 879, 948; Munch on 1041-3 Sublime, the 48, 114, 388, 392-3, 409 Sue, Eugène 796, 927 Sutter, David 374 symbolic art 66-8, 69, 687-90 Symbolism (Section VIC passim) 283, 484, 585, 632, 654, 734, 817, 818, 847, 862, 869, 876, 878, 879, 880, 888, 920, 948, 951, 958, 969, 985, 988, 989, 992, 999, 1004, 1014-17, 1022, 1034, 1064; Aurier on 1025-9; Pissarro on 1029; principles 1014-16, 1016-17 symbol(s) 484, 883, 910, 1027, 1029; Carlyle on 77—80; Goethe on 76; Hegel on 69, 686, 688; Vischer, Friedrich on 687—8; see also sign/signification Synthetism 879, 1022 Tacitus 151 Taine, Hippolyte (Henri) 645, 1036; on the ideal in art 613-14; on positivism 610; on production of a work of art 611-12;text 610-14 talbotype 332, 663 talent 62, 63, 77, 133, 554 taste 144, 280, 821; Ruskin on 199-200, 202; Vehlen on 821-7; Zimmermann on 609 technical radicalism 312, 410-13, 548 technique (Section IIC, Part IV passim) 12, 729, 922, 923, 930; Corot on 231-2; Couture on 615-17; Pissarro on 975 technology 37, 263, 334-6 temperament 552-61, 578 Tenerani, Pietro 211, 213, 453 Teniers, David 408 tête d'expression 565, 566 theatre/theatricality 76, 122, 473, 794-5 theosophy 745-6 Thoma, Hans 852-5 Thomson, James 55, 127,133 Thoré, Théophile 144, 373, 375; on the bourgeoisie 144, 220-4; on Delacroix 181-2, 385; on Gérôme 456-7; on the ideal 457-8; on imitation 387; on individualism 2, 14, 923; on Manet 512-13, 517; on Manet's Olympia 517; on Murillo 383; on myth/mythology 382, 383—4; on new tendencies in art 378-87; on the nude 455, 456-7; on originality 381; on Philistinism 14, 221—4; on Poussin 182, 457; on Romanticism 37, 381, 384, 385; on the Salon des Refusés 512-13; on the Salon of 1848 179-82; on the Salon of 1861 455-8; on Watteau 383, 384; texts 179-82, 220-4, 378-87, 455-8 Tieck, Ludwig 70, 452 The Times 440 Tinarini 455 Tintoretto 34, 112, 113, 832, 839 Tissot, James 571, 899 Titian 44, 90, 118, 129, 189, 240, 348, 493, 498, 517, 518, 605, 618, 809, 832; Bacchus and Ariadne 207; Ruskin on 207, 348; St Peter Martyr 44, 108-9, 112; Turner on 108 Tivoli, Serafino da 537, 539 Tocqueville, Alexis de 287 Tolstoy, Leo 681, 730, 808, 1063; on communicative function of art 814-21; on decadence of contemporary literature and art 817-21 Tracy, Destutt de 398 tragedy 44,96,419,683; Nietzsche on 740-5, 781 trompe l'oeil 261, 865, 1019 Trumbull, John 270, 286 truth 57, 59-60, 76, 362, 373, 385, 415, 440, 446, 560, 586-7, 588, 698, 703, 710, 782, 854, 989; Allston on 93—5; Delacroix on 362; Goncourt brothers on 417, 419; de Gourmont on 869-70; Kierkegaard on 272; Millet on 373-8; Ruskin on 199-202, 442-3; Zola on 550, 554-5 Tucker, Benjamin 806 Turgenev, Ivan 394, 395, 923 Turner, Joseph Mallord William 147, 189, 311, 440, 446, 655, 938, 967, 972, 977-8; Building of Carthage 204; on colour 107-14; on Domenichino 109, 113; Gauguin on 998; on printmaking 257-9; on Rembrandt 108, 109, 110, 111, 113; on Rubens 109, 113; Ruskin on 199, 204, 205; Signac on 978; on Titian 108; texts 107-14, 257-9 Turpin de Crissé, Lancelot Théodore 35 ugliness 48, 354, 785-6 Uhde, Fritz von 911 Universal exhibitions (including World Fairs and other International and Trade exhibitions), general 310; Chicago 1893, World's Fair 310, 928-9, 930; London 1851, Great Exhibition 310, 331, 336; Paris 1798, Exposition des Produits de l'industrie Française 310; Paris 1855, Universal Exposition 310, 361, 372, 379, 384, 485-9; Paris 1856, Agricultural Exhibition 327, 329; Paris 1867, Universal Exposition 310, 413, 414, 519, Index 1097 599; Paris 1889, Universal Exposition 310, 1022 urban mass 146; aesthetic experience of 164—6; Degas on 565; Engels on 294-6; Poe on 280-3; see also the crowd urbanization 14, 144, 164-6, 280-3, 294-6, 311 ut pictura poesis 195 utilitarianism 14, 145, 146, 185, 192, 220, 478, 822; Bentham on 149-51; Gautier on 14, 98-9 utility (Section IIA passim) 98, 99, 123, 821 Uzanne, Octave 684; on womèn artists and intellectuals 777-81 Valotton, Felix 862 Van Dyck see Dyck, Antony van Van Gogh see Gogh, Vincent van Vanderlyn, John 286 Vanloo, Carl 24,34,166 Vasari, Giorgio 34 Vaughan, Robert: on art in the guardianship of "the trader and the citizen' 164—6; on feudalism 164; text 163-6 Vehlen, Thorstein 684; on canons of taste 821-7 Velazquez 28, 348, 383, 489, 517, 586, 618, 704, 808, 839, 849, 890, 924, 993, 1008, 1021 Velde, Adriaen van der 119 Velde, Henri van de 975, 983 Ver Sacrum 916-20 Verkade, Jan 862 Verlaine, Paul 817, 1029 Vermeer, Jan 950 Vernet, Horace 30, 81, 157; Constable on 130, 132; on critics 82-3; on Delacroix 81-2; Stendhal on 31, 37 Veronese, Paolo 456, 497, 605, 616, 618, 832, 839, 976, 981; Baudelaire on 261; Blanc on 621, 623-4; colour, use of 624; Hazlitt on 115-16; Marriage of Carta 112, 115-16; Turner on 112 Verrocchio, Andrea del 725, 729 Vico, Giambattista 322, 542 Vidal, Pierre 777 Vienna Secession 908, 916, 917, 1050, 1060; Bahr on 914—16 Vigée-Lebrun, Elizabeth 772, 774, 775, 777 Vigneron, Pierre-Roch 33 Virgil 125, 127, 156, 195, 362 Vischer, Friedrich Theodor 682, 804; aesthetics 686-90; on beauty 682, 687; on Overbeck's Triumph of Religion 196-9; on symbol 687-8; texts 196-9, 686-90 Vischer, Robert 682, 686,711, 713; on empathy 690 Vitruvius 735 Voellmy, Fritz 911 Vogeler, Heinrich 903, 907 Volkelt, Johannes 711,713 Volksblätter 323 Vollard, Ambroise 988 Voltaire 265, 362, 386, 406, 729, 821, 830, 926 Vrubel, Mikhail 921-3 Vuillard, Edouard 862 Wackenroder, Wilhelm 452 Wagner, Richard 479, 726, 740, 783, 800, 807, 808, 810, 817, 879, 969, 1014, 1017; on architecture 473; Credo 1020; on dance 71, 74, 471; on Folk 477-8; on freedom 323; Gesamtkuntswerk 471-8; on landscape 473-4, 476n; on 'Revolution' 323-6; Shaw on 810; theories of art 471-8, 1003, 1004, 1008, 1054; theories of music 475, 979; Wyzewa on 1004-5; texts 323-6, 471-8 Wanderers 523, 921, 922, 923 Watelet, Claude Henri 35 Watteau, Jean-Antoine 166, 360, 369, 386, 618, 1010; Bürger on 383, 384 Weishaupt, Victor 911 West, Benjamin 269 Whistler, James McNeill 590, 599; Duranty on 578; on the independence of aesthetic values 838-47; libel action 684-5, 833-8; Nocturne in Black \and Gold 685, 834-7; texts 833-47 Whitman, Walt 163, 80 on nature and role of American artist 506-8 Wiertz, Antoine Joseph 533; on photography 654-5 Wilde, Oscar 684, 807; on art for art's sake 684, 859—62; on individualism 791—4, 797; on mechanization 792-3; Picture of Dorian Gray 859-60, 861-2; on socialism 684, 791-5; texts 791-5, 859-62 wilderness 14; Catlin on 134—6; Cole on 136 Wilkie, Sir David 271n, 614 the will 15; Littré on 399; Schopenhauer on 13, 15-22, 1050; suspension of the 781-2; 'will-lessness' 15-22 Winckelmann, Johann Joachim 120, 486, 501, 893 Wölfllin, Heinrich 682, 711-17, 736; on the baroque 720-4; on form 711-17; on the painterh style 717-20, text 717-24 Woman, Baudelaire on 501-2 women artists 147, 765, 928; anonymous comments on 275-7; Bashkirtseff on 765-9; connection with the 'lesser arts' 684; gender bias 684, 765-9; Marie-Camille de G. on 157-8; Moore on 773-6; paternalism towards 773-6; petition to the Royal Academy 508-9; pursuit of recognition 508-9, 684, 765-9; representations of 157-8, 893-5, 963^4; Royal Academy candidates 772-3; Scott on 769-72; Uzanne on 777-81 women critics 155 women sculptors 781 Women's Building, Chicago World's Fair 928 Wordsworth, William 92, 114, 127, 163, 185, 186; on picturesque landscape 216-20 working class 144, 158, 591; aesthetic experience of 216-20; Engels on 294-6 World of Art group 923, 925 Worpswede community 877, 902-8 Wouwermans, Philips 950 Wundt, Wilhelm 712 Wyzewa, Téodor de; on Moreau 1011; on Realism 1006; text 1003-11; on Wagnerian theories of art 1003, 1004 Young, Thomas 625, 626, 629, 630, 937 Zimmermann, Robert 532, 682, 690, 693, 730; on aesthetics as a science 607-10; on feeling 608; on taste 609; text 607-10 Zola, Émile 529, 530, 531, 698, 729, 764, 795, 796, 861, 889-90, 899, 985, 986, 994, 1016, 1030, 1035, 1036, 1055; on Academicism 147, 554; on aesthetics 552-4, 557-8; on beauty 557, 558; Cezanne's letter to 548-9; on critics 564; on the crowd 563, 564; dedication to Cézanne 550-1, 989; definition of art 550, 950; Germinal 795, 796, 896; on Greek art 557; on landscape 561; Mallarmé on 585; on Manet 550, 554-65; on Manet's Olympia 562-3; on modernity 555; on naturalism 950; on originality 563-4; Paris 882; on the public 563-5; on the Salon 550, 553-4; on truth 550, 554-5; texts 550-65 Zuccherelli (Zuccarelli), Francesco 130 Zügel, Heinrich 911 Zurbaran, Francisco 320, 489 |
