| Volltext: | Index BY ANNE GASKELL Abstract art, 75-6, 92 Abstract expressionism, 125 Academic disciplines, 17-18, 20-1, 56-9, 119-20, 132, 140, 184, 188; see also Art History, History, Social Sciences Academic doctrines in art, 67, 124, 145, 146, 148, 156. 172, 177. 178. 179, 180, 207 'Academic industry', 18-19, 58, H5 117, 118-19, 120—i, 187-8 Advertisements, 16, 66-7, 109, 149, 198 Aeschines, 156 Aesop, II Aesthetic movement, 49, 128 Aesthetic values, 83, 85-6, 88, 126, 128, 144. 149. 150, 158, 177. 178. 179 i see also Academic doctrines in art, Values Aesthetics, 33, 88, 123, 126, 190 Aldag, Peter, 106 Alice in Wonderland, II Amadis of Gaul, 71, 86 Angélico, Fra, 48, 84 Anglo-Irish art, 154 Animals, 14, 32, 50, 142, 151 Anthropology, 10, 25, 48, 58, 105, 118, 152-3, 188 Antiquarianism, 26, 54, 87, 134, 193- 4 Anti-Semitism, 106, 108 Apelles, 168, 171, 173, 180, 182 Archaeology, 150-1, 193-4, 196 Architecture, 33, 45, 53, 64, 77, 81- 3, 119, 132, 136-7, 138, 150, 152, 159, 160-1, 169, 171, 187; see also Sheldonian Theatre Aristotle, 71, 123, 190 Arnold, Matthew, 25 Art: term, 149-52, 171 Art and Illusion, 61, 104-5, 151, 175, 199 'Art appreciation', 84, 86, 164, 179, 190, 199 Art History, 7-8,16,20, 26, 33-4,36- 7, 43-6, 60, 71, 112-13, 123, 127, 131-4,141,146-8,149.150-2,155, 159-60, 165, 167, 171, 177. 179. 184-8: see also 'Art appreciation', 'Canon', 'Formal Analysis', Iconography, Iconology Arts, Liberal, 13 Astrology, 88, 119, 183 Attention, 26, 62-6, 74, 76, 125, 133, 199, 203 Attributions, 123, 133-4, 184-5 Austen, Jane, 15 Austrian culture, 59,71,90,114,161, 187 Authoritarianism, 67, 114, 164 Bach, Johann Sebastian, 58, 91, 129, 199 Bacon, Francis, 7, 116 Bandinelli, Baccio, 155 Baroque, 48,50, 51,65,146,147,156, 160, 161 Beaufort, Lady Margaret, 59 Beauty, 16, 37, 71, 123-4, 126 Beethoven, Ludwig van, 16, 19, 56, 89, 91. 157 Behaviour, 50, 51, 62, 85, 118, 142, 151 ; see also 'Rationality principle' Bell, Quentin, 8, 167-83 Berenson, Bernard, 182 Biography, 52, 55 Bisseker, E. G., 104 Bluecher, sinking of, 97 Boas, George, 45, 182 Bode, Wilhelm, 197 Bodin, Jean, 26 Boeckh, A., 36 Bolsheviks, 101-2, 106, 108, 109 Botticelli, Sandro, 187 Brahms, Johannes, 71, 88 Bramstedt, Ernest K., 110-11 Bühler, Karl, 66 Bullfights, 152, 162 Burckhardt, Jacob, 25, 34-42, 45, 48, 52, 54-5, 113-14 Burne-Jones, Sir Edward, 49 Burnett Tylor, Sir Edward, 25 Butterfield, Herbert, 27 Byrd, William, 133 Byzantine art, 47, 146 Caesar, Julius, no, 173 Calligraphy, Chinese, 157-9 'Canon', 8,155-7,161,163, 164, 165, 167, 168, 169, 171, 172, 173. 176, 177-82, 192, 194. 195 Caravaggio, Michelangelo Merisi da, 71 Caricature, 105, 106, 165 Carlyle, Thomas, no Catalyst, II, 17, 20 Catherine the Great of Russia, no Cato, 68 Cavaceppi, Bartolommeo, 194 Caylus, Anne Claude Count de, 194 Cellini, Benvenuto, 37, 155 Ceramics, 177-8, 202-3 Ceremonies, 78, 96, 133 Cervantes, Miguel de, 11, 17, 71, 85- 6 Cézanne, Paul, 16, 72, 79, 180 Chardin, J. В. S., 169 Chinese arts, 12,14,22,76,81,84,127, 146, 57-8, 169, 177-8, 201-2 Christie, Agatha, 9 Churchill, Sir Winston, 98-9, 100, 105, 106, 108, 109 Cicero, 15, 52, 55, 68, 69, 156 Cimabue, 194 Civilization: term, 27, 163 Ciżek, F., 175 Classical tradition, 9—10, 12-13, 14- 15. 21, 33. 40, 47, 49, 53, 112-13, 115,123,132,136,139,140-1,156, 185 Classicism, 47, 49, 67, 71, 87, 124 Classics, 9-10,14-15,18,52,58,112- 13, "5 Cleer, Richard, 133 Colie, R. L., 24 Colvin, H. M., 131-2 Communications, 11, 13, 50, 55, 67, 206 Communism, 76, 108 Competition, 27, 62-3, 64-5, 68, 155, 178, 203 Compton, Michael, 202 Concentration, 201, 203 Connoisseurs, 81, 149, 152, 153, 158, 184-5, 202 Conspicuousness, 63-4, 69 Constable, John, 151, 182 Constantine the Great, 36 Continuity, historical, 52,55,59,142; see also Tradition Conventions, 10,20,80, 87, 89; musical, 89; artistic, 159, 160, 161, 171; see also 'Rules', Style, Tradition Corot, J. В. C., 197-8 Correggio, Antonio, 139 Counter-Reformation, 51; see also 'Jesuit style' of art Courbet, Gustave, 124 Crafts, 79, 125, 128, 149, 152, 162, 171, 175, 182, 191 Creativity, 129, 165, 172, 202, 205 Croft Murray, Edward, 147, 149, 156 Cromwell, Oliver, 160 Crowther, Sir Geoffrey, 13 Cubism, 73 Cultural history, see History Cultural psychology, 25,43-5,48,50- 3, 56, 61,76,186; see also 'National Spirit', 'Spirit of the Age' Cultural relativism, see Relativism Culture : term, 25-6, 27-8,29, 37, 47, 55. 58; 'morphology of, 45, 47 'Culture clash', 79 Daedalus, 112, 153 Dante, II, 120, 123-4, 128 Darían, Admiral J. F., 100-1 Decoration, see Ornament Decoration, military, 65, 66 Decorum, 150, 162 Degas, Edgar, 79 Deism, 47 Demosthenes, 68, 156 Deneke, Philip Maurice, 59 Determinism: social, 60, 141-4, 168; see also Exegetic method, Hegel, Historicism, Holism, Marxism Deutsch, Karl W., 215 note 6 Dialectic, Marxist, 29, 44, 61, 142 Dickens, Charles, 58 Dilthey, Wilhelm, 43, 44 Diodorus Siculus, 182 Domenichino, 194 Donatello, 182 Drawing, 176-7, 182 Duchamp, Marcel, 117, 192 Dvorak, Max, 44, 187 Dyck, Sir Anthony van, 168-9, 171. 180 Economics, 18, 43, 55, 61, 62, 132, 164-5, 186, 188 Education, 9, 12-15, 61. 113. 127, 134,163,172-4,179,186,188,193- 8, 199, 201-2; university, 17-20, 56-9, 70, 113-15, 118-22 Egyptian arts, 32, 33, 44, 47, go, 135, 138, 142, 168, 169, 171-2, 175-6, 182 222 Index Elite, io, 14, 157, 161, 169, 179, 192, 196 Empiricism, 145 Engineering, 81-2, 137, 185 Enlightenment, the, 27, 52, 79, 141 Epicurus, 15 Erasmus, Desiderius, 205, 207 Escapism, 56, 130 Ethics, 88, 138, 162 Etruscan art, 193, 194 Euphronios, 202-3; fig. 10 Euripides, 143-4 Euthymides, 202-3; fig- 9 Evolution, 129, 142; cultural, 35, 40, 44, 89-90, 110, 129, 143; see also Progress Examinations, 18-19,20,57,58,118- го, 152, 163, 187 Excellence, scale of, 28, 149, 168; see also 'Canon' Exegetic method, 31-2,42,43,46,47- 8, 57 Exhibitions, 197-8, 204 Expectation, 65,70,86-7,89,154,160, 161, 202, 206 Eyck, Jan van, 45-7, 48, 49 Fashion, 51, 60, 61-6, 68-9, 75, 81, 92,117-18,133,177,178,184,186- 7 Feeling in art, 84-5, 126, 158, 169, 205-7 Fehl, Philipp, 24 'First Eleven' in art, 155-6, 161 'Formal analysis', 120, 186, 187 Frederick the Great of Prussia, 110 French Revolution, 48, 76, 79, 194 Fresenius, Karl, 35, 54-5 Freud, Sigmund, 171 Friedländer, Max J., 44 Fritzsche, Hans, 95, 105 Functionalism, 78, 92, 149-50, 152, 160 Furtmüller, Lux, 214 note 40 Gaddi, Gaddo, 194 Gainsborough, Thomas, 179 Games, 11, 12, 80-1, 84, 126, 127, 128, 152, 153-4, 155, 161, 206 Geistesgeschichte: term, 43-5, 57, 60, 134 187 General Knowledge, 8,9-23,58,112- 13, 119, 142, 186 German: arts, 14-15,25,30,48-9,65, 67; war propaganda, 7, 25, 93-111 Gibbons, Grinling, 154 Giotto, 80, 194 Giovanni da Bologna, 179 Goebbels, J., 93-5, 96, 98-102, 104, 108, 109-11 Goethe, J. W. von, 15, 87, 120, 190, 198 Gogh, Vincent van, 16, 126, 207 Gombrich, Richard, 24, 215 note 7 Gothic, 22, 28, 44-5 49 50, 5 L 64, 65, 76, 138, 148 Gracchi, 68 Grace, W. G., 12 Greek arts, 10,27,33,42,44,80,143- 4,148,156,162,171,173,175,182- 3, 186, 193, 202-3 Gundolf, Friedrich, no Hadamovsky, Eugen, 98 d'Hancarville, P. F., 194 Handel, George Frederick, 89 Haskell, Francis, 51 Hayek, A. von, 60 Hegel, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich, 7, 28-34 35-47 passinty 48,49, 50, 52, 54-6, 57, 60, 61, 76-7, 89, 90, 91, 186; see also Holism, 'National Spirit', 'Spirit of the Age' Herbarthian associationism, 43 Herder, Johann Gottfried von, 28, 32 Herodotus, 26 Hesse, Hermann, 128 Heydrich, Reinhard, 108 Hierarchies, 10, 33, 53, 82, 151, 154, 178, 199-200 Hillman, Sidney, 106 Himmler, H., 96 Historicism, 8, 60-2, 68, 79, 81, 82- 3, 89-92; see also Hegel History, 20, 27, 41-2, 95-6, 101, 103, iio-n, 133 134 135-6 138, 141 181; cultural, 7, 25-8, 29-41 passim y 42-3, 44-9 passim, 50-9; economic, 42-3, 56-7, 134; political, 25, 26, 42-3, 56; providential, 28-32, 41, 57, iio-n; social, 53, 134; of the spirit, see Geistesges-chichtey Hegel, 'National Spirit', 'Spirit of the Age' Hitler, Adolf, 65, 94-5 96, 99, 100, 101, 106-11 Hofmann, Werner, 200, 203 Holism, 28-34, 35-56 passimy 60, 78, 82-3; see also Hegel, Historicism Homer, 87, 162 Hooch, Pieter de, 202 Horace, 66, 189 Huizinga, Johan, 45-6,47, 49, 52,152 Humanists, 58, 112, 113, 115, 117, 118; Renaissance, 37, 112, 207 Humanities, 7-8, 15, 18, 57-8, 112, 114,116,117-21,127,132,165,181 Hyperides, 156 Hypothesis, 54, 57-8, 86-7, 116, 151, 165-6, 185 Iconography, 113, 159 Iconology, 119, 187 Ideals, 7,116 ; see also Beauty, Perfection, Platonism, Values 'Idols', 7, 116-22; see also Inductiv-ism, Innovation Illusionism, 80, 139, 147, 149, 151, 162 Images, 150-1 ; see also Visual Media Impressionism, 10, 72 Indian arts, 11, 22, 56, 84, 115-16 'Individualistic model', 61, 73 Individuals in history, 38-40, 50-1, 55 57 62-3, 135, 177 Inductivism, 116-17 Industrial Revolution, 22-3, 138 Inflation, 62, 64, 65, 66-7, 68, 70-1, 81 'Innocent eye', 199-200 Innovation, 67-9, 71, 77-8, 79, 80-1, 117,153,161; see also Fashion, Progress 'Interdisciplinary studies', 57, 119 Isidore of Seville, 21 Islamic arts, 11, 22, 47, 154 Isocrates, 156 James I, King of England, 139 Jargon, 14, 59, 62, 115, 118, 132, 207 Jerome, Saint, 207 'Jesuit style' of art, 49, 51, 77 Joachim of Fiore, 29-30 Johnson, Dr. Samuel, 168 Jones, W. T., 48 Judaism, 29, 47, 94, 106, 108 Judgement of Paris, 9-10, 12, 20 Juvenal, 186 Kandinsky, V., 125 Kant, I., 28, 86 Kepler, Johannes, 31 Kinkel, G., 36 Klee, Paul, 125 Koehler, Wolfgang, 130 Kris, Ernst, 96, 165 Kuhn, Thomas, 184-5, 187, 188 Kurz, Otto, 217 note 3 Lamprecht, Karl, 25, 43, 52 Language, 11, 12-13, 14 i5 18, 20, 26, 53-4, 68-9, 77, 81, 107, 112, 113,115,135, 136,160-1,166,181, 199, 200, 206, 207; Corruption of, 65-7 Laubenthal, Heinz, 97 Leach, Bernard, 177 Le Bon, Gustave, 94, 107 Leonardo da Vinci, 80, 171 Lessing, G. E., 30 Levey, Michael, 170 Literature, 12, 14-15, 26, 45, 47, 54, 71, 162, 164, 173, 206 'Logic of Situations', 61-6, 68-70, 73-5 79 81, 88, 91-2, 137, 148, 155 159 164 Longinus, 26-7 Lorrain, Claude, 156 Lovejoy, Arthur, 28, 47 Lysias, 156 Macaulay, Thomas Babington, Lord 27, 40 Machiavelli, Niccolô, 40 Magic, 44, 79, 85, "7, 157, 187-8 Malevich, Kasimir, 76 Malraux, André, 195 Mannerism, 51, 155, 187 Mannheim, Karl, 60, 82-3 Marais, Eugene, 50 Maratti, Carlo, 180 Margaritone d'Arezzo, 194, 195; fig. 8 Martini, Simone, 174 Marx, Karl, 61, 143-4, 162 Marxism, 43, 60, 76-7 I03, IX8, 142 Masterpieces, 'Old Masters , 87, 128, 130, 152, 153, 154-8, 161-3, 164, 165, 168, 171, 173, 177, ^85, 192, 195, 202; see also 'Canon' Mastery, 80-1, 87, 127, 152-6, 161, 162, 164, 165, 167, 171, 202, 206 Matisse, Henri, 202 Medici, Lorenzo de', 27, 41, 155 Melozzo da Forli, 195 Mengs, Anton Raphael, 124, 183 Metaphor, see Symbol Metaphor, sources of, 11-15 16-17 Metaphysics, 28-42, 48, 123-5, 145 Method, academic, 7, 16, 42_3 47 54-5,57,60-1,83,132,133-4,148, 187, see also 'Logic of Situations', Scientific method, 'Zero method' Michelangelo, 15-16, 19, 58, 112-13, 144-6,148, 151,153. 154-5. ifi3. 164, 167, 168, 171. 178, 179. l8l 185, 187 Michelet, Jules, 40 Middle Ages, 22, 32-3, 36-7, 38-9, 41, 45, 48-9, 59. 68, 71, 82, 114. 118, 146, 162, 171; see also Gothic, Scholasticism Millar, Sir Oliver, 146-7 Miltiades, 171, 173 Momigliano, Arnaldo, 36 Mona Lisa, II, 14, 117, I92 Mondrian, Piet, 125 Montesquieu, Charles, Baron de, 26 Montgolfier, J. M., 185 Moore, Henry, 145 Index 223 More, Thomas, 26 Morgan, William de, 177 Morris, William, 79 Motifs, see Ornament Movement, historical, 49, 50-2, 61, 62, 68 Mozart, Wolfgang Amadeus, 16, 19, 84, 91 Museum, 8, 133-4, 185, 189-204 Music, 16-17, 20, 33, 56, 57, 67, 71, 84, 88, 89-91, 93-4, 96, 109, 119, 128,130,157,158-9, 161,199,205- 6 Myth, Nazi, 93-4,96-7,99, 101,105- II Mythology, 10, 11-12, 14, 15-16, 20, 93, 105-6, 107, 112-13, I53 154, 156, 186, 187; see also Daedalus, Judgement of Paris Nadel, George H., 24 Napoleon, 29, 194 'National Spirit', 30-4, 36, 39, 40, 42, 47 50 54 see a^s0 Geistesgeschichte, Hegel, 'Spirit of the Age' Naturalism, see Realism Naturalistic 71 Nazism, 93-111, 130 Neoclassicism, 71, 76 Newton, Isaac, 136, 148 Nicaea, Council of, 21-2 Nicholas of Verdun, 171 Norm, departure from, 26,62, 63, 69- 71, 160 Objectivity, 16,38-9,40,82, 84-5, 92, 125, 129-30, 138, 143, 144, 148, 150, 152, 157-8, 164, 169, 205; see also 'Problem Solutions' Oratory, see Rhetoric Ornament, 44,49,65, 77, 79, 116-17, 125,127,132,135,142-3,147 150 154, 160-1, 175, 178 'Ossian', 87, 173 Painting, 10, 33, 36-7,45-9,72-3,75- 6, 79-8I, 92, I24-6, 128, I3O, I32, 139-40, 141, 144-9, 150-2, 156, 158-60, 161-2, 163, 167, 168-9, 173-5,177, 183, 190, 194, 198, 200, 201-3; figs- 3, 4, 6, 8, 9, 10 Palissy, Bernard, 177 Panofsky, Erwin, 44-5, 188 'Paradigm', 184-5, *86, 187, 188, 190 Paranoia, 102, 106-7, 109, no Pastoral, 56 Patronage, 20, 27, 46, 134, 165 Pepys, Samuel, 144, 153 Perception, see Psychology, of perception Perfection, 123-4, 125, 128, 145, 194 Periods, historical, 50-1, 61; see also Hegel Personification, 105, 107, I I I , 140, 143, 159-60; fig. 4 Perspective, 80, 147 Perugino, Piętro, 27, 155, 194 Petrarch, 119 Pevsner, Nikolaus, 132-3 Phillips, Claude, 174 Photography, 118, 121, 149-50 Picasso, Pablo, 78 Piero della Francesca, 180 Pietro da Cortona, 156 Piles, Roger de, 153, 171, 180 Plato, 15, 33, 67, 123 Platonism, 41, $4, 123-4, 125, 128, M3 M5 182, 187 Plekhanov, Georgy Valentinovich, 178 Pliny, 194, 200 Plotinus, 44 Plutarch, 15 Poetry, 10, 11-12, 20, 33, 43, 48, 87, 119, 120, 128, 130, 143, 156, 158— 9, 161, 205, 206 Polarizing issues, 69, 71-7, 79, 80-1, 87-8, 89-91 Polo, Marco, 26 Pompadour, Mme de, 169 Pope-Hennessy, John, 189 Popper, Sir Karl, 8, 15, 28, 54, 60-3, 67-8, 73 77-8, 79, 82-3, 84-5, 89, 90-1, 92, 125, 135, 137, 143, 148, 183, 187, 206; see also Historicism, 'Logic of Situations', 'Problem Solutions' Poussin, Nicolas, 84, 87 Precedents, 70-1, 135-6, 139, 153, 165; see also Tradition Pre-Raphaelites, i6, 49, 172, 179 'Primitive' societies, 63, 69, 77-8, 79, 105 'Problem Solutions', 82, 112, 125-7, 128-30, 137, 138, 139 ML 143, 148, 153, 186 Progress: 77-82; idea of, 27, 28-30, 33-4, 35, 39-41, 44, 79, 89-90, 185-6, 200 Propaganda, 7, 94-111 Proust, Marcel, 15 Psychedelic art, 56 Psychoanalysis, 13, 84, 88, 91, 103, 118, 165 Psychological warfare, 94, 103, 109 'Psychologism': term, 61 Psychology, 48, 55, 56, 64, 65, 70, 73- 4, 77, 94, ЮЗ, 107, 118, 124, 132, 158, 165, 171, 188, 197, 206; of memory, 198, 204; of perception, 198-203; see also Cultural Psychology, Psychoanalysis Pugin, Augustus Welby, 49 'Puritan style' of art, 77, 150, 153 Quaratesi, Andrea, 171 Quintilian, 68-9, 75, 91 Racine, Jean, 87 Radio, 14, 16, 93-111 Raphael, 16, 19, 44, 139, 172, 174, 179, 184 'Rarity game', 63-4 'Rationality principle', 62-3, 77-8, 79-80, 85, 92, 137, 159, 165, 186, 206-7 i see also 'Logic of Situations' Read, Sir Herbert, 192-3, 195, 196, 199-200 Realism, artistic, 40, 45, 46, 48, 49, 72, 76, 80, 81 Reformation, 17, 22, 30, 33, 40-1 'Regression', 107 Relativism, 7,28,32,34,82,141, 145- 9,154,156-8,161-2, 164,168, 172, 174, 178, 182 'Relevance*, 7, 13, 16, 42, 43, 53, 74, 127, 132, 179 Religion, 11-12, 14, 16, 20, 21-2, 28, 29-34. 36-41. 43, 46, 48-9, 51. 52. 54. 70. 73. 77. 78, 79. 85, 96, 124, 127, 128, 130, 139, 140, 141, 153, 15J, 162-3, 171. 174, 176, 194; see also Scriptures, Theology Rembrandt van Rijn, 16, 44, 84, 87, 126-7, 156, 162, 173, 176, 197 Renaissance, 22, 27, 32-3, 36-42, 45, 51.54. 55. 65, 71, 80, 112,124,137, 138, 155, 162, 177, 191, 193, 194, 195 Reni, Guido, 180 Repetition, 65, 70, 94, 99, 101 Research, 15, 53-5, 57-8, 61, 103, 112-16, 119-22, 133-4, 187-8 Resonances, cultural, 25-6,55—6,141, 163 Reynolds, Sir Joshua, 145, 179 Rhetoric, 12-13, l6, 26-7, 68-9, 156 Richard, Cliff, 14 Riegl, Alois, 43-4 Ripa, Cesare, 140 Ritual, 62-3, 78-9, 81, 85, 154, 157 Robbia, Luca della, 182 Rococo, 65, 71, 76 Roman arts, 17, 39, 44, 82, 137, 142- 3, 162, 193, 205 Romanes, George, 142 Romano, Giulio, 187 Romanticism, 36,39,48, 71-2, 84, 90, no, 146, 148, 182 Roosevelt, Franklin D., 95, 100, 101, 105, 108 Rosa, Salvator, 156 Roscoe, William, 27 Rosenberg, Alfred, 96 Rousseau, Jean-Jacques, 27, 87 Royal Society, 138-9, 140-1 Rubens, Sir Peter Paul, 10, 16, 84, 139,144, 153, 154,161,168-9,171. 180, 181, 182 'Rules' in art, 80-1, 125, 128, 153-4, 158, 171, 176, 202; see also Convention Ruskin, John, 49, 138, 162, 182 Russell, Bertrand, 28 Scamozzi, Vincenzo, 136 Scanning, 102, 105, 199-200, 203 Schiller, F., 144, 164 Schlegel, Friedrich von, 194 Schlosser, Julius von, 114 Schnaase, Carl, 34 Schoenberg, Arnold, 90-1 Scholastics, 33, 44-5, 136, 186, 207 Schopenhauer, A., 28 Science, 13, 18, 20, 22, 56, 72, 77-8, 80, 83, 126, 148, 151, 165-6, 184- 5. 188 Scientific method, 16, 54, 57-8, 83, 84-5, 112, 116-17, 126, 135, 141, 151, 171, 181, 184, 187, 188, 206- 7 Scriptures, 30,31-2,47, 112, 163,207 Sculpture, 33, 37, 44, 79-80, 145-6, 150,152,154,156,176-7.182,193, '94, 195-6, 199-200, 201; fig. 7 'Self-expression', 124-5, 129, 174-5 'Self-reinforcement', 84, 88, 89, 90, 161 'Self-transcendence', 125-30 Shakespeare, William, 14-15, 58, 71, 87, 118, 119, 120, 151, 201 Shaw, Bernard, 49, 128, 163-4 Sheldon, Archbishop Gilbert, 133, 134, 140, 166 Sheldonian Theatre, 131-7, 139-51, 154, 156, 159-60, 162, 163, 166, 167, 169; figs, i, 2, 3, 4, 5 Sherman, General William T., 173 'Signs of the Times', 29, 37, 44-6 Skill, 26, 118-19, 123, 125, 127-8, 133,139,146-7.149,153,154,155, 158, 161, 162, 175-6, 182, 185-6, 191, 199. 201-2 Slogans, 72, 94-5, 96, 99, 107 Snow, C. P., 25 Social Sciences, 7, 25, 55, 57, 58, 60, 61, 73, 118, 131-2, 135, 138, 142, 149.151.152.154-5.159.162,164- 5, 167, 186 'Social testing', 85-6, 88, 90 224 Index Sociology, see Social Sciences Specialization, academic, 17-18, 20— t, Î2, 57, "7. 134 Speech, see Language, Rhetoric Speier, Hans, 96 Spengler, Oswald, 50 'Spirit of the Age', 28-34, 35-42, 42- 51 passim, 54, 56, 60, 61, 62, 129, 194; see also Geistesgeschichte, Hegel, 'National Spirit' Sprat, Thomas, 140-1 Staël, Mme de, 173 Stalin, Joseph, 103 'Standards', 65, 69, 79, 84-6, 88, 92, 127, 141, 143-9 152-4, 157 163, 168, 203; see also Beauty, 'Canon' 'Starting Point', 54, 86-7, 129, 135- 6, 153, 165, 170-1, 180, 181, 200 Statistics, 53, 57, 116-17, 151, 155, 167, 186 Status Symbols, 10, 16, 178, 191, 192 Stein, Gertrude, 29 Sterne, Laurence, 26 Stoics, 15 Story of Art, 17, 151-2, 168, 171 Stradivarius, 182 Streeter, Robert, 139, 141, 144, 145- 8, 149, 153 154, 156 i59-6o 163 167, 168, 178; figs. 3, 4 Stukeley, William, 136 Style, 42, 45-6, 48-51, 55 S®. 60-2, 69, 71-2, 76-7, 80, 92, 114, 123, 127, 133, 135, 136, 138, 143, 146- 9 Í53-5 160, 162, 171, 186, 194, 206; see also Baroque, Gothic, Mannerism, Rococo, 'Jesuit style', 'Puritan style' Stylistic relativism, 146-9, 154; see also Relativism Subjectivity, 16,20,38, 39,84-5,103, 124-5,126,130,143,149,152,157, 161, 164, 171, 182, 205-7 Summerson, Sir John, 131, 132, 137, 138, 148, 156, 161 Surrealism, 186 Swift, Jonathan, 26, 73-5 Symbolism, 46, 134, 149, 186 Symbols, to, II, 12,14-15,19, 32,47, 54,55 66 77, 79 97, 102, 110, 111, 113,143,159-60 ; see also Personification 'Syndrome', 47-9 Taborda, 100 Tacitus, 26-7 Taine, Hippolyte, 26 Tassi, Andrea, 194 Taste, artistic, 60, 61-2, 82-3, 85-6 92, 133, 150, 161, 162, 165, 178, 186, 190 Tawney, R. H., 164-5 Technological approach to art, 146-7 Technology, 77-8, 79 80, 81-3, 138, 146-7, 148, 153, 165-6 Theology, 21, 28, 41, 47, 118, 129, 140, 207 Thucydides, 15, 143 Tiepolo, Giovanni Battista, Ij6, 776 Titian, 112-13 'Top Ten' in art, 155-6, 157, 161 Totalitarianism, 50, 60 Tour, Quentin de la, 169 Tourism, 151, 154, 163, 164, 191-2, 197 Tradition:artistic,65,71, 79,82,125, 138, 139, 147, 153, 155, 176, 202; see also Convention, Style ; cultural, 12,18-19, 54,55 59 86-7,128-30, 135, 140, 142, 148, 149, 154, 156, 160, 164, 181, 187, 190-1, 207; see also 'Canon'; social, 65, 69-70, 77, 85 154,189; see also Precedents; of General Knowledge, see General Knowledge Turner, Father Vincent, 123 Uccello, Paolo, 150 Value Judgements, 25-6, 29, 137-8, 144, 154, 163, 168-9; see also 'Canon' Values, 7-8, 27, 29, 34, 58-9, 62, 65, 82, 88, 92, 113, 123-30, 138, 141, 143-4, 146 155-7 162, 163, 164, 165-6,167,169,170-1,178-9,180, 182-3, 185-6, 205-6; financial, 16, 62,144,1Ć9, 178, 185, 191; see also Aesthetic Values, 'Canon', Objectivity, Relativism, Subjectivity, Value Judgements Vasari, Giorgio, 26—7 34 37 145 155, 182, 194, 195 200 Veblen, Thorstein, 178 Velazquez, Diego, 72, 197 Vermeer, Jan, 190,195 202; fig. 6 Vespasiano da Bisticci, 37 Vico, Giambattista, 26, 27 Virgil, 87 Visual Media, 206 Vitruvius, 136, 148 Voltaire, François Arouet de, 27 Waetzoldt, Wilhelm 197 Wagner, Richard, 16, 71, 89-91 Waley, Arthur, 158 Warburg, Aby, 20,25,43,53,119,121 Warburg Institute, 9,20-1,25,38,53, 93, 121-2, 187 Waterhouse, Ellis, 146 Watson, Thomas, 12 Watteau, J.-A., 127 Weltanschauung, 41, 43-4, 46, 48-9, 134 Weltgeschichte-, term, 40, 95-6 Whinney, Margaret, 146-7 Whistler, James McNeill, 169 Whitehall, Robert, 144, 153, 159-60, 163 Wilde, Oscar, 128, 182 Wilhelmina, Duchess of Luxembourg, 99-100 Wilkins, John, 140 Winckelmann, J. J., 27, 34, 71, 124, 183, 194 Wisden's Almanack, 12 Wittkower, Rudolf, 119 Wölfflin, Heinrich, 42, 114, 186, 187 Wolf, Hugo, 71, 88 Wren, Christopher, 131, 133, 134, 136-7 138-40 143 144 148, 149 150, 151, 153 !54 156 161, 162, 167 Wright, Orville and Wilbur, 185 Yates, Dame Frances, 204 Yee, Chiang, 158 'Zero Method' : term, 62, 68, 78, 79; see also 'Rationality principle' Zeuxis, 173 |
