| Volltext: | Index Page references to illustrations art' in italics. Abcrcrombie, |ohn, y (Hi Académie Rovale d'architecture, Paris, y y 7, 29b, y.(on. Achilles latins, 390 Addison, Joseph. 59, 191, 1(14. 1(19 aerial photographe, 11, 12. 49. 99, (il Aesop, tyo, iyy, 129. 12b. 127, 128 Agora, 98 1, 984 AKi ; - :i :r.kv :VM- :ki8- '(. :LI . 9ir - s i 8 - A A ! • :ir i-"A :ir 7 Taj Malial. 99b agriculture. (io. 7b. 77. 17.1. 227, 92 1, 922. 999. :iâ i- :d L A7.n- :i?r - :i?7- :i?8- 980. 981. 982. 989, 984. 99 i Airs, Waters, Places, 388 \ijaib (wondrous creations). 929 Akbar. ;)td Mughal padishah, 944, 997 Akragas. Sicilv. 98.) Albert, (intuit of Döllstädt, 108 Alberti. l.eandro, 91.) Alberti. Leone Battista, i8(i Alca/ar. 9 18 Alexander the ('.teat, 919 Alexander. Margate!, y5 Alexandria, 9yd Algeria, y 8 al-Ghu/ùli, 9yd Alliatnbra palace, Granada, 909. 909, 918, 919, 720. 725, 726—2S Allen, Arthur, 92 Allen, Arthur II. 92 Allen. Arthur III." 92 al-Ma(|(|arî, 924 al-Maqrizi, 924 American Garden, the. 274. 901 Americas, the. 284. 289, 288. 291, 292, 299 "amphitheater" or "theatrical planting" 2 i8 Ampurias, 22, 27 Anakreon, 9K8 Antner I lall, ("19, 72 antiquity. 98, 109, tod, 107, 109 aqueduct, 7, 8 ara-iso, 80, Sg archaeological evidence, (it, ("14, 72, 89, 92 archaeology, 9-90, 91-97. 979. 979, 981 Arcimboldo, Giuseppe, too Argyll', 91 tl Duke of (Archibald Campbell), 277 Aristophanes, 97b, 989, 98b Aristotle, 982 At istoxenos, 987 Arkadia, 977 At khilokhos, 988 Arkwright. Richard, 971 Arts of Memory. 199. /76. 142. 149, 146 Asakura familv. 92 Ichijö-dani, Eukui. 92 Athenaios, 98b, 987 Athens. 979. 979. 97b. 977. 978. 979. 980, 981, :i8b s86- s88- 891 Akademv, 9141 Audlev End. 291. 980 Austen, Jane, 9(10 Austrian gardens. 97, 209-18 automata, 929. 929 Avodhva, 997 liabumama, 999. 940. 948, 949, 992, 999. 998 Bacon, Edmund, 98, 41, 46 Bacon, Francis, 109 Bacon's Castle, 91. 92—9(1, 98, 97 Baghdad,90b Baisunghur Mirza. 942 Bath I.lammâd, Qal'at, 912, 777 Banks. Sir Joseph. 209 BanO al-Jazari, 922. 727 Banft MOsa. 922 Barton, Benjamin Smith, 299 Hartram, John, 277. 279. 280, 2 V/, 282, 288, 294. -(Pe :i°' Bassy, Alain Marie. 129. 12b, 128, 129, 199 Bateman. Richard. 247 garden at Grove Mouse, Old Windsor, Berkshire, 290, 294, 299 Baumberg, Miss Gabriele von, 21b Beaumont, Sir George. 9(1(1, 9(18 Berston St. Lawrence Hall. ( 9 Bclheld, Philadelphia, 299. 2176 Bellotto. Bernardo, 209 Belmont, Philadelphia, 299 Bcnscrade, Isaac, 120, 122, 129, 199, 149 Birmingham botanical garden, 299, 700 Bittner, Notliert, 20S, 21 j Blaikie, Thomas 29b Dlondel, Jacques E., 129 Boerhaave, Herman, 289-8(1 Boisrobert, François, 190 Boiston, Jean-Baptiste, 292 Bologna, 107 botanical gardens, 289 Bomarzo, 21 7 393 INDEX Boscoreale, 20 Bossuet, Jacques Bénigne, 125, 145 botanical gardens, 203, 279—302 Boyceau, Jacques, 150 Bradley, Richard, New Improvements of Planting and Gardening, 249, 250 Brand, Friedrich August, 206 Brand, Johann Christian, 211 Brandesbury, 368 Breitenburg, Schleswig-Holstein, 107 Breslau, Laurentius Scholz garden, 106 Brettingham, Matthew, 71 Bridgeman, Charles, 64, 65, 73, 152, 160, 176 Brighton, 268 Britain, 29 Britannia Illustrata, 64, 74 Brongniart, Alexandre-Théodore, 219, 221, 226, 227, 228, 22g, 230, 231, 232, 233, 234, 235, 236, 237, 238, 240, 241 Brown, C. Allan, 53 Brown, "Capability" 179, 247, 280, 360, 367 Brown, Frank, 15 Brown, Lancelot, 65, 66, 67, 71, 76 Bruck an der Leitha, 212, 213 Brunswick garden, Hessen nr. Wolfenbüttel, 107, 108 Buckenham Tofts, 74 Buddha, 80 Bukhara, 349 Bulla Regia, 27 Burke, Edmund, 259 Burlington, Lord, 159, 175, 188, 194, 195, 197 Campbell, Colen, 61, 62 Canaletto, 205 canals, 64 Canevale, Isidore, 214 carbon dating, 2g, 30 carbonized remains, 7, 8, 10, 12, 15 Carnuntum, nr. Vienna, 24 Cartari, Vincenzo, 159 Carter's Grove, 37 Cartesianism, 119, 146, 149, 260 Carthage, 25, 26 Castello, 185 Castillejo Monteagudo, nr. Murcia, 318 Castle Bromwich Hall, 266, 273 Centre of East Anglian Studies, University of East Anglia, 60 chahar-bagh, 342, 350, 352 Chambers, William, Dissertation on Oriental Gardening, 259, 260, 261, 2 ?9 Chantilly, 130 Chardin, John, 320 Château de Montfermeil (Seine-Saint-Denis), 229 Chatelet, Claude-Louis, 230-31, 233 Chauveau, François, 126, 145 Chelsea Physic Garden, 273, 279-80, 282, 288 Chesapeake Bay, 31 Chevreul, Michel Eugène, 272 China, 79, 83, 92, 341 Chinese literary garden, 148 chinoiserie, 147, 208, 211, 259 Chiswick, 18], 188, 191-92, 193, 1 9 4 , 1 9 5 , 196- 97.!98' *99- 262, 267 Choisy le Roi, 130 Circus, the, Bath, 273 citadels, 312, 3/3, 317, 318, 331-58 cities, 333, 375, 378, 390, 391 city gardens, 28 Clary, John, 157, 158, 160, 161, 162, 163, 164, 165, 170,174,175, 176,180 classical Greek gardens, 373-91 classical Roman villas, 184 Clumber, 363 Cobbett, William, 268 Coffin, David, 159, 1790. Coke family, 61 Coldham, James, 69, 72 Coligny, Admiral Gaspard de, 233 Colin, Alexander, 103 Collinson, Peter, 277, 295 color, 259—61, 272 Columella, 26 Comte de Provence, 223 Conimbriga (modern Portugal), 23, 24 conservation, 273-77 contextual interpretations of gardens, 331-58 Cosa, 15, 18, 20 Costessey, 75 Cowper, William, 360 creativity, 120, 150 Cuicul (modern Djemilia), 28 cultural history, 119, 120, 159, 361 cultural history and gardens, 145-50, 331 Cunliffe, Barry, 14, 20, 21 Cutler, Rev. Manasseh, 295 d'Alembert, Jean Le Rond, 208 Dalrymple, Sir John, 260, 262 d'Angivilliers, Comte, 122 Dareios, King of Persia, 389 Darnton, Robert, 120 d'Artagnen, 236, 237, 240m Darwin, Erasmus, 272 Dauphin, the (Le Grand Dauphin), 125, 144, 145 da Vinci, Leonardo, 113 de Alarcao, Jorge, 23, 24 de Caus, Salomon, g7, 98, 99, 103, 104, 111, 114, 120 de Certeau, Michel, 1 ig de Crescenzi, Pietro, 109 deer parks, 74, 75, 77, 78, 236 de Jussieu, Antoine Laurent, 288, 290, 293, 297, 300, 301 de Laborde, Alexandre, Description des nouveaux 394 INDEX jardins de la France, 21g, 221, 222, 223, 238, 240 de Lafayette, Madame Marie-Madeleine, Princesse de Cleves, 229 Delhi, 335, 338, 348 Red Fort gardens, 336 Delille, Jacques, 221, 223, 226, 238, 240, 241 Delos, island of, 377, 378 Delphi, 377, 379 Demosthenes, 378 Denis, Michael, 216 Derby Arboretum, 299, 3 0 7 de Scudéry, Madeleine, 127, 128, 130, 131, 135 de Sévigné, Marie, 130 Dézallier d'Argenville, Antoine-Joseph, 150, 243, 24g,266, 274 Diderot, Denis, 215 Dikaiogenes, 387 Diogenes Laertios, 383 display of rulership, 97—110, 331 Diyarbakir, 3 7 7 documentary evidence, 32, 34, 35, 36, 61, 74, 272,333 documents, 36, 38, 39, 41, 43, 44, 45, 47, 48, 50, 52, 53, 54, 63, 73, 120, 147, 152, 158, 178, 184, 238, 276, 321, 359, 361 Dormer, General James, 152, 159, 162, 164, 175 Dosque, Colonel Pierre, 230, 231, 232, 233, 234, 236, 240m Douce, Francis, Gower Street garden, 250 Downing, Andrew Jackson, 298 Dublin, Glasnevin botanical gardens, 288, 2S9 Dulaure, J- A., Nouvelle description des environs de Paris, 223 Dürer, Albrecht, 113 Edo period, 79, 80 Egremont, 3rd Earl of, 361 Egypt, 388 Elgin Gardens, Manhattan, 295, 296 Emerson, Ralph Waldo, 302 enclosure movement, 77, 360, 363 Epicurus, 384 Erasmus, 109 Ernstbrunn, 2 J O Essex, Earl of, 371 estate management, 359—71 Estienne, Charles, iog, 114 Etienne, Robert, 24, 28 Euboulos, 387 exedra, 23, 34 Faden, William, 75-76 Fairchild, Thomas, The City Gardener, 263, 266 farm buildings, 227 farming, see agriculture; husbandry farms, 18, 20, 359, 360, 361, 366, 367, 373 Fatehpur Sikri, 335 Fauré, Christine, 119 Ferghana (modern Uzbekistan), 332, 338, 340- 42,343-347-348, 350,354- 355 ferme ornée, 36, 37, 47, 51, 56, 362 field surveys, 61 fields and commons, 77, 380, 382, 383 Finlay, Ian Hamilton, 178 Fishbourne, villa at, 20-21 Florence, botanical gardens, 283 flower beds, 243, 244, 245, 247, 248, 249, 250, 25U 253, 254 255, 256, 257, 259, 260, 266, 268,272,277, 301 flower borders, see flower beds Foucault, Michel, 119, 163, 286, 287 fountains, 8, 23, 25, 26, 28, 103, 104, 105, 106, 107, 108, 109, 120, 122, 123, 124, 125, 126, 127, 129, 133, 134, 136, 137, 140, 142, 143, 144, 160, 167, 175, 176, 186, 232, 234, 305, 306, 307, 310, 313, 315, 316, 317, 321, 322, 323.324,325.328,329,384, 390 Fouquet, Nicolas, 125, 127, 130, 145, 148, 149 Fourquet, François, 119 Foxley, 365, 366, 368, 369, 370 France, 107 Frederick V, Elector Palatine (Friedrich V.), 97— 103 free masonry, 231 Frocester Court, 20 Frondes, The, 130 fruit trees, 319 Fukui, Asakura family's Ichijö-dani, 92 Furber, Robert, 277 Furttenbach, Joseph, 109-10, 117 Fustät ( o l d Cairo), 3 7 7 Gabii, 18 Gaheis, Anton, 214 Gainsborough, Thomas, 368, 369, 370 Cornard Wood, 369 Mr. and Mrs. Andrews, 362, 36g Gallet, Michel, 227, 230 Gallitzin, Prince, 210 Game of Goose, 128-30 Garden, Dr. Alexander, 282 garden, definition of, 333, 346, 374, 377-84, 388 Garden Club of Virginia, 37 garden I.xv. D, E, Pompeii, 9 Garden of Eden, 283—84 Garden of Hercules, 10, 11, 12 garden of the royal Danish governor Heinrich of Rantzau, 107 garden shrines, 10 Gardenesque, 300 Gardens of Adonis, 386 garlands, 385 Gauermann, Jakob, 212 Gauthier, Théophile, 223, 240m Gawthorpe Hall, Lancashire, 250 395 INDEX Genest, Jean, 226 George III of England, 366 Gerarde, John, Herball or Generali Historie of Plantes, 199 German gardens, 97 Gessner, Salomon, 215 Ghazni, 348 Gilpin, William 198-99, 201, 361 Giverny, 183 Gleason, Kathryn, 24 Goethe, Johann Wolfgang von, Farbenlehre, 272 gokusui (or kyokusui) banquet, 90, 91, 92 Gombrich, E., 157, 163, 1830. Gradall machines, 24 Grand Tour, the, 59 Greek polis, 390 Grenville, Lord William Wyndham, 208 GrifTin-Grilfin, Sir John, 360 Grimai, Pierre, 5m Grimsthorpe, 263 grottos, g8, 101, 102, 104-7, 108, 109 groves, 71, 380, 381, 390 Gunton Park, 61, 63, 65, 74 Guyon, Loys, 103 Gwalior, 357 Hadrian, Emperor of Rome, 179 Hadrian's villa, Tivoli, 15-19, 24, 167 Hagège, Claude, 149 ha-has, 67 Hamät (Syria), 321 Hamilton, Charles, 247, 275, 277 Hamilton, William, 294—95 Hammer-Purgstall, Joseph, 216 Hampton Court, Herefordshire, 371 hanging gardens, 21 Hankins, Louis, 34 Harris, John, The Artist and the Country House, 68, 247 Hartwell, 197, 198, 19g, 200, 201, 243, 244, 245, 246, 247, 250, 251, 254, 255, 256, 257, 258, 272 Harvard University, botanical gardens at, 294 Haüber, Christine, 14m Hautecoeur, Louis, 226, 227 Haveringland, 61 hayr, 305, 307 Hazelhurst, Hamilton, 138 Hearne, Thomas, 15g Hechingen in Hohenzollern, 107 Hedenham, 75 Hegel, Georg W. F., 153 Heian period, 83 Heidelberg, Hortus Palatinus, 97-103, 110—18 knot beds, 111-17 Heizei (modern Nara), 92 East Attached Palace of Heizei, 92 Kyüseki Tei'en (Palace Site Garden), 92, 93, 94 Hellbrunn, nr. Salzburg, 104 Herat, 332, 339, 342, 348, 35°-5L 352- 353. 357 Herculaneum, 5 Herodes Atticus, 391 Herzfeld, E., 306 Het Loo, 248 Heydon, 72 Hieron, 387 Hillington, 61, 70 Hindustan, 332, 354 Historic Buildings and Monuments Commission, Great Britian, 68, 733, 736 Hocquart family, 229, 231 Hogarth, William, 259 Hohenberg, Johann Ferdinand Hetzendorf von, 207,216,217 Holkham, 61, 71, 74 Home, Henry (Lord Karnes), 207 Homer, 164 Odyssey, 375, 389 Horace, 164, 178, 198 horticulture, 6, 32, 79, 104, 117, 341 Hosack, Dr. David, 295, 297 hot house, 56 Hôtel de Hallwyl, 227 Houghton, 61, 62, 70—71, 74 House of the Ship Europa, 8, 9 Houzeau, Jacques, 125 Hulton, Richard, 69 Humayun, 352 Hunstanton, 74, 75 hunting parks, 74 husbandry, 36, 368, 380 Hussey, Christopher, 153 hydraulics, 303—29 Hypnerotomachia Poliphili, 113, 114 Ibn Hamdls, 324 Ibn Lüyün, 319 Ibykos, 387 iconography, 97—118 ideology, 374, 375 images, 374 cImarat-i Khusrau, Qasr-i Shirin, 304 improvement, 359 infrared photography, 33, 34, 56 inscriptions, 14, 98, 99, 100, 101, 103, 379 intentionality, 120 Intwood, 68-69 Iran, 321 irrigation, 382, 383, 388 Isfahan, 319 Islamic gardens, 303—29 meaning and symbolism, 304 paradise garden, 304 Italy, 108, 110, 142, 167, 189 Iwaki (Fukushima), Shiramizu Amida-dö temple, 88 396 INDEX iwans, 310, 312, 316, 317, 320 Iwate (Hiraizumi), 89 Kanjizaiö-in temple, 85 Mötsü-ji temple, 89, 86, 87, 89, 90, 92 Muryökö-in temple, 87 Jackson, Maria Elizabeth, The Florist's Manual, 258, 268 jahär-bägh, 305, 307 James, John, 262, 276 James River, 31, 32 Janscha, Laurenz, 207, 208, 211, 277 Japan, 79-95 Japanese literary garden, 148 Jardin Royal des Plantes, Paris, 288, 290 Jashemski, Wilhelmina, 373 Jefferson, Thomas, 31—32, 36—52, 293, 294, 295 Jekyll, Gertrude, 272 Jericho, 24, 29, 305 Johnson, Samuel, Dictionary of the English Lan-guagf 75 Jones, Inigo, 66, 176 Jones, Thomas, 779 Jordan, 305 Joseph, II, Hapsburg Emperor, 204 Kabul, 332, 337, 338, 339, 346, 348-50, 351, 352-54. 355. 357 Char-Bagh, 352 garden nr. Kul-Kina, 352 Garden of Fidelity (Bagh-i-Wafa), 352 Haidar Taqi's Garden, 352 Istalif, 353 Khwaja Sey-aram, 353 Plane-tree Garden, 352 Qara-tu Garden, 352 Talar Garden, 352 Violet Garden, 352 Kahlenberg (modern Leopoldsberg), 208 Kalda Kahar, Pakistan, 353 Kamran, 338 kare-sansui, 80, 81, 82, 89 Kashgar, 341 Kashmir, 344, 355 Kaufmann, Emile, 226 Kaunitz, Prince Wenzel Anton, 209 Kent, Nathaniel, 366, 367, 368, 36g Kent, William, 71, 120, 152, 159, 160, 162, 163, 164, 165, 169, 772, 174, 175, 176, 178, 267, 288, 300 këpos (garden), 377 Kern, Herman, 117 Kew Gardens, 203, 288, 289 Khirbat al-Mafjar, 305 Khurasan, 348, 351 Khwaja Sih-yaran, 353 Kimberly, 66 Kimon, 384 Kingsmill plantation, 37 Kingston, Dukes of, 363, 365 Kip, Johannes, 64, 65, 74, 262 Kita Batake Jinsha shrine, Mie, 92, 94, 95 Kleanthes, 383 Kleiner, Salomon, 204, 205, 206, 273 Knyff, Leonard, 64, 65, 74, 262 Kyoto, 79, 81, 82, 89 Byödö-in temple, Uji, 89, 84 Daisen-in in the Daitoku-ji monastery, 79, 81, 82 Höjö-ji temple, 83 Katsura Detached Palace, 79 Kumamoto, 79, 82 La Chebba, 27 Lacy, Marschall, 208 La Fontaine, Jean de, 125, 127, 128, 130, 131, 145,147 Lahore, 332, 336, 337, 338-39, 341, 346, 351, 352,355.356. 357 Shalamar, 336 Lake Averno, 29 Lalouette, Prosper, 232 Lambert, George, 191-92, 250 landscape gardening, 359-71 Langley, Batty, 191, 250, 262, 269, 266 Langley Hall, 66, 71 Langner, Johannes, 227 La Pointe, F. de, 140 Lashkari Bäzär, Afghanistan, 308, 310, 912 Latrobe, Benjamin Henry, 53, 291-92, Essay on Landscape Painting, 291—92, 293 Laurel Hill, Philadelphia, 299 Laxenburg, 214, 216, 277 Lazzaro-Bruno, Claudia, 110 Leasowes, the, 183, 190 Le Brun, Charles, 125, 126, 130, 145 Le Clerc, Sébastien, 122, 723, 124, 126, 127, 128, 133, 136, 140, 141, 144 Le Cuirot, 146 Ledoux, Claude-Nicolas, 219, 220, 221, 225, 226, 227, 229, 230, 231, 232, 233, 294, 235, 236, 238 Le Glay, Marcel, 21 Le Hongre, Etienne, 125 Leiden, botanical gardens, 285-86, 287 Lemon Hill, Philadelphia, 295 Le Nôtre, André, 120, 122, 125, 127, 138, 140, 145, 146, 147 Lerchenthall, Johann von, 214 Le Rouge, Georges, 223, 224, 233, 236 Lessing, Gotthold, 215 Letchworth, 378 Levallet-Haug, Geneviève, 226 Lévi-Strauss, Claude, 119 Lewis, G. R., 367-68 Ligorio, Pirro, 15-16, 165, 166 397 INDEX Linnaeus, Carolus, 286, 287, 290, 293, 301 Lipsius, Justus, 109 literary evidence, 5, 14, 85, 92 literature, 151—80, 198, 35g London, George and Henry Wise, The Retir'd Gard'ner, 249, 250 Longos, 390 Lorrain, Claude, 189, 259 Loudon, John Claudius, 247, 25g, 271, 298, 299, 301,366 Encyclopaedia of Gardening, 258, 259, 268, 269, 270, 300, 302 The Gardener's Magazine, 300, 301 Treatise on Farming, Improving and Managing Country Residences, 366 Louis XIV of France, 100, 102, 185, 186 Lugdunum (modern Lyon), 21 Luxborough, Lady (Henrietta Knight), 266 MacClary, see Clary Madinat al-Zahrâ', 308—10, 311, 319 Maecenas' villa, Tivoli, 167 magnetometry, 29, 56, 57 Main River, 101 Malcolm, William, 277 Malinowsky, Bronislaw, 119 Malthus, Thomas Robert, 371 Mansfield, 212 Mantua, botanical gardens, 284 manzaras (towers), 319, 328 Map of Honesty, 133, 134, 135, 139, 140, 141, 145 Map of Tendre, 130-32, 133, 134, 135 Marathon, 391 Marble Plan of Rome, 14 Mardin, 315, 316 Marshall, William, 274, 275, 366 Martial, 173, 175 Mason, William, 59, 76, 246, 253, 261 The Garden, 368 Massachusetts Horticultural Society, 298 Mauperthuis, 219-40 Elysée, 219, 221, 223, 225, 226, 231, 233, 236, 237 Maw, Thomas, 266 Maximilian II, Hapsburg Emperor, 103 Meader, James, 266, 275 The Planter's Guide, 263 meanings of gardens, 331 Medici villas, 185 medieval hunting parks, 64, 66 Medikus, F. K., 216 Megara, 380 Melton Constable, 64, 63, 66, 74 Ménage, Gilles, 130 mentalité, 51, 119, 147—50, 158, 180, 374 Merian, Matthäus, 102, 103 Merton, 75 Mesopotamia, 303, 304, 305 Meyer, Fredrick G., 6, 8 Michaux, André, 295 Miller, Phillip, 262, 266, 268, 274, 276, 279, 282, 290 Gardeners Dictionary, 263, 277, 280, 29g Minos, 384 miradors, 308 Moggridge, Hal, 133, 136, 157 Molière, 130 Monet, Claude, 184 Mont, Hans, 104 Montagu, George, 162 Montesquiou, Marquis de (Anne-Pierre), 219, 221, 223, 226, 229, 231, 236 Monticello, 32, 36-52, 54, 56, 57 Montpellier, botanical gardens, 283 Moreaux, J. Ch., and Marcel Raval, 226 mosaics, 25, 26, 27, 317 mounds, 307 Mount Auburn, Cambridge, 298 Mount Pangaion, 385 Mount Vernon, 51 Mughal gardens, 331-58 Mughal India, 303 Muhammad Haidar Dughlat, 355 Müllenbrock, Heinz-Joachim, 180 Munich residence, 107 Napoleon I, Emperor of France, 204 Narford, 61 Nash, John, 268 Naumburg, cathedral, 117 naüra or noria (water wheel), 321, 322 Nebot, Balthasar, 797, 198, 19g, 200, 201 Neckar River, 101 Neuwaldegg, 208, 2op, 211, 212, 214, 213, 216 Newcastle, Dukes of, 363 Nicholson, Marjorie Hope, 260 Nicolai, Friedrich, 209 nine muses, 101 Norfolk (England), 61-75, 369 Norfolk, Dukes of, 263, 363 North, Richard, The Gardener, Planter and Seedsman's Catalogue, 2 67 North Africa, 321 North America, 251, 277 Nuneham Courtenay, 243, 246, 247, 250, 251, 253.254,256,258,261, 272 Nuneham, Lord, 261 nymphaeum, 18, 22 Oak Spring Garden Library, Upperville, Virginia, 239 Oplontis, 6 orange trees, 99 39° INDEX orangeries, 100, 103 orchards, 36, 37, 38, 42, 44, 52, 345, 349, 350, 356 Ottomeyer, Hans, 227 Oudiette, Charles, Dictionnaire topographique des environs de Paris, 226 Ovid, 173 Oxford, botanical gardens, 283 Padua, 107 botanical gardens, 283, 284, 287 Pailler, Jean-Marie, 21 Painshill Park, 247, 273, 275-77 paintings, 60, 106, 152, 359 paintings of gardens, 6, 7m, 183—202, 374 paintings of landscapes, 6, 5g, 66, 207, 368, 369, 374 Palatine Hill, 14, 24 Palermo La Ziza, 314, 316 Villa Palagonia, 217 Palestrina, see Praeneste Palissy, 108, 109 Palladio, Andrea, 53, 165 paradeisos, 305, 389—90, 39t paradise, 315, 320, 321, 328, 335, 353, 373 Paris, 54 parks, 306, 359, 360, 361, 362, 363—68, 370 Parmentier, André, 297—98 Andrew Parmentier's Horticultural and Botanic Garden, 297-98 parterres, 64, log Pasargadae, 304 pastoral, 77, 162, 163, 170-73, 175, 375, 376, 378, 39° Patel, Pierre, 186, 190 pavilions, 307, 308, 310, 315, 319, 324, 328, 356 Paxton, Joseph, 272 Peale, Charles Wilson, 295, 296 Pellisson, Paul, 130 Pembroke, tenth Earl of, 189 Père Lachaise, 238, 240, 241 Perikles, 386 peristyles, 17, 18, 20, 21, 24, 25, 26, 28, 312 Perrault, Charles, Le Labyrinthe de Versailles, 121, 122, 123, 124, 126, 123, 128, 133, 134, 140, 144, 145, 147 Persia, 303, 304, 319, 389-90 Peschel, Johann, 117 Petre, Lord Robert James, 263, 264, 266, 276 Petworth, 279, 280-81,361 Pharaoh's Tray, 307-8 Philadelphia, 54, 282, 295 Philippi, 385 Philippon, architect, 240 phytolith analysis, 30 pictures of gardens, 203—18 picturesque, 49, 52, 53, 190, 198, 219, 221, 231, 238, 243, 246, 247, 258, 273, 276, 279, 300, 366,368,371,384 Pierrepont, Charles, 364, 365 Pisa, botanical gardens, 283, 287 plantings in gardens, 6, 8, 14, 15, 18, 19, 20, 21, 24, 26, 28, 29, 33, 34, 33, 37, 49, 50, 61, 98, 100,107, 178, 243-77,319,353, 382, 383, 390 plants, habitats of, 279 Plato, 382, 384 Pliny, 8, 10, 26, 178 poetry, 126, 128, 203-18, 315, 321, 324-25, 32g Polhill estate, 277 pollen analysis, 21, 29, 51 Pompeii, 5-13, 29, 184, 373 House of Polybius, 7 House of Venus Marina, 7 ponds, 64, 79, 85, g2, 105 Ponheimer, Kilian, 210 pools, 6, 8, 15, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 28, 306, 307, 310, 313, 314, 315, 316, 317, 321, 322, 324, 323 , 326, 350, 352, 356, 366 Pope, Alexander, 59, 151, 159, 160, 161, 162, !75 Epistle to Burlington, 199 Poplar Forest, 32, 53-57 Portland, Dukes of, 363, 364 Poseng-jeong site, Kyongju, South Korea, 91, 92 Praeneste, modern Palestrina, 162, 165 Temple of Fortune, 166 Pratolino, 106 Préciosité, 130—49 Predigstuhl, 210 Preston, Jacob, 69 Price family, 365, 368, 369 Price, Uvedale, 366, 367, 368, 369, 370, 371 Essay on the Picturesque, 366, 369 Prideaux, Edmund, 61, 62, 63, 70-71 Prince, Hugh, 359 Princeton University, botanical gardens at, 294 Pückler-Muskau, Prince Hermann, 268, 231 Pugh, Simon, 153 Pure Land Buddhist scriptures, 83 Pure Land Buddhist style, 79-95 Pursh, Friedrich Traugott, 295 QaFat Sahyün,317,318 Qasr al-Mubärak, 318,3/9 Quinault, Philippe, 130 Quirinal, 14m Qur an (Koran), 320, 328, 335 Randolph, Richard, 51 Rapin, René, 146, 147 Rasumofsky palace, 212 Raval, Marcel, and J. Ch. Moreaux, 226 399 INDEX Raveningham, 76 Raynham Hall, 61, 65, 66—67, 71, 72, 73, 74 Regent's Park, 268 Reisenberg, 207 representational, 359 Repton, Humphry, 61, 71-74, 247, 294, 298, 300, 360, 364, 365, 366, 367, 368, 370, 371 Fragments on the Theory and Practice of Landscape Gardening, 71, 7 70 Observations on the Theory and Practice of Landscape Gardening, 288, 362 Sketches and Hints on Landscape Gardening, 73 Rhine River, 101 Ricardo, David, 371 Richard, Yves, 230, 231, 272, 277, 274, 240m Richardson, Francis, 365 Richardson, Jonathan, 198 Rivière, Cléry, Un village de Brie au XVIIIe siècle: Mauperthuis, 227, 230, 231, 272, 236, 240m Robert, Hubert, 231 Robins, Thomas, 250, 272, 262 rockery, 288 Rocque, John, 795, 276 Rogers, Alain, 119 Roman gardens, 5-30, 382 Rome, 175 root cavities, 8, 9, 45 Rousham, Oxfordshire, 151—81, 267 Praeneste Terrace, 157, 160, 161, 163, 165, 166, i6y, 170, 772, 173, 175, 178, 179 terraces, 152, 1530. statuary, 152, 161, 162, 163, 167, 168, 169, 170, 7 7 7 , 7 7 2 , 176, 179 Vale o f Venus, 152, 161, 167, 7 7 0 , 7 7 7 , 7 7 5 , 176, 777, 178, 179 River Cherwell, 153, 156, 160, 168, 173, 176, 178 Heyford Bridge, 156, 774-75, 178 views out of, 156, 163 circulation routes in, 157 eyecatcher, 158, 759, 164 Temple of the Mill, 158, 759, 164, 765 Townesend's Building, 157, 158, 161, 775, 175 gothic and classical, 160, 161, 16m., 163—64, 167.!75 Cold Bath, 161 serpentine runnel, 161, 777 pyramid, 173 Theatre, 171, 776, 178 Rousseau, Jean-Jacques, 204, 207, 208, 212, 215, 223,233,246 Rowshamius Hortus, 158, 160 Royal Horticultural Society of England, 273, 290, 295 Rudolph II of Hapsburg, 100 Rufford Abbey, 363 Ruisdael, Jacob van, 369 rural gentry, England, 60, 61, 70, 77 Rysbrack, Pieter Andreas, i8y, 188, 190, 193, 194' 195. i96-97. 199. 262 Sadeler, Jean, 7 5 2 Said, Edward, 119 St. Gall, plan of herb garden, 283 St. John de Crèvecoeur, J. Hector, 291, 302 Saint-Simon, Louis de Rouvroy, 103 Sakuteiki, 79—95 salsabïl, ^,314, 315, 316, 317 Salza Prina Ricotti, E., 17 Samarqand, 332, 337, 338, 341, 342, 343-47. 348,349,350, 351, 352, 354, 357 Bagh-i-Maidan, 345, 347 New Garden, 347, 350 Samarra, 304, 306, 308, 310, 317, 324, 326, 328 Balkuwära, 306,307, 310 Hayr al-Wuhüsh, 306 Jawsaq al-Khäqäni, 306 sanctuaries, 384 Sandby, Paula, 243, 254, 261 säqiya (water-elevating machine), 321-22, 323 Sassanian, 306 Saville family, 363 Scarron, Françoise, 130 Scarron, Paul, 130 Schmutzer, Jakob, 208, 209, 212, 275 Schmutzer, Matthias, 207 Schönborn, 211 Schönbrunn,203 Schütz, Carl, 211 Schwetzingen, 248 sculpture, 6, 10, 21, 23, 25, 97, 98, 99, 100, 101, 103, 104, 107, 109, 122, 125, 126, 127, 136, 197. i98. 199. 374 Seville, 318, 379 shädirwän (water chute), 313, 317 Shadwell, 54 Shaftesbury, Anthony, 59, 262 Shahjahanabad, 346 Shenstone, William, 266 Sheringham, 362 Shömyö-ji temple, Yokohama, 88 shrubbery, 247, 251, 259, 261, 262-77 Siberechts, Jan, 796, 200 Sicily, 324, 325 Silvestre de Sacy, Jacques, 226, 228, 229 Simon, George (Lord Harcourt), 253 Sitticus von Hohenems, Marcus, 104 Skillous, 390 Sloane, Sir Hans, 273 Smith, John Jay, 299 social functions of gardens, 374, 391 Society of Arts, 364 soil analysis, 50, 51 Sokrates, 384, 389 400 INDEX sonnenfels, Joseph von, 217 Southcote, Philip, 247, 251, 255 Spain, 304, 319, 321,522, 325 Sparta, 375, 386, 390 Speechley, William, 364 Spence, Rev. Joseph, 183, 190, 247, 255, 260 Spencer, Lord, 208 Spenser, Edmund, The Faerie Qiieene, 159, 175 Sperges, Freiherr Joseph von, 211 Spranger, Bartholomäus, 104 statuary, see sculpture Stowe, 198—99, 200 Strada, Jacopo, 104 Stukeley, William, 263 Stuttgart, pleasure garden, 107, 108 subsoil excavations (stratigraphy), 5, 20, 21, 24, 29. 47- 49. 53- 54 subsurface soil, 34, 35 suhama, 80, 89 Sultan Ahmad Mirza, 345 Sultan Husain Mirza, 342 Swinden, Nathaniel, The Beauties of Flora Display'd, 251,254, 255 Switzer, Stephen, 262, 263 Syria, 305, 317, 322 Taylor, Christopher, 32 Tegea, 377-78 temple gardens, 379, 381 Temple of Adnois, 14 Thamugadi (modern Timgad), 28 Theocritus, 173 Theophrastos, 383, 385, 386, 388 thermoluminescence, 29 Thompson, Dorothy Burr, 373 Thomson, James, 159 The Seasons, 175 Thoresby, 363—65, 368 Thouin, Gabriel, 295 Thuburbo, 25 Tigris, 306 Timur, 341, 342, 343, 344 Timurid culture, 333, 337, 340-46, 348, 349, 351_57 Timurid military, 345 Tomkins, William, 251 Tongiorgi Tomasi, Lucia, 284 topiary, 8, 71, 292 Toshitsuna, Tachibana, 79 Tournefort, Joseph Pitton de, 288 Townshend family, 61,71 Townshend, Roger, 66—67, 72 tree cavities, 7, 12 Trusler, John, 259 tsutai-ochi, 80 Tuby, Jean Baptiste, 125 Tuckahoe, 54 Tunisia, 25, 27, 321 Turkey, 317 Turkistan, 345 Turner, J. M. W., 961 Tusculum, 167 Twiss, Richard, 250 Ulugh Beg, 345, 349, 350 University of Pennsylvania, botanical gardens at, 294 University of South Carolina, botanical gardens at, 294 University of Virginia, botanical gardens at, 293 Upcher, Abbot, 362 Uppsala, botanical gardens, 286 ut pictura poesis, 128 Utens, Giusto, 185, 186, 190 Uthina, 26 Utica, 25, 26 Vasio (modern Vaison), 21, 22 Vaux le Vicomte, 125, 126, 128, 130, 142, 145, 148 vegetable gardens, 8, 9, 12, 26, 27, 39, 43, 51, 52, 7t-72, 385, 386, 389 Versailles, 100, 103, 145, 185, 186 Le Bois Vert, 127 Bosquet des Sources, 147 Bosquet du Labyrinthe, 120—50 Grand Trianon, 243, 244, 246, 247, 248 Petit Pare, 127, 140, 146 Trianon de Porcelaine, 147 Vesuvius, 5, 6, 9, 13, 14, 27, 29 Via Gabina, nr. Rome, 20 Vienna, 204, 205, 206, 209, 211, 214, 216 Augarten, 204, 206 Cobenzlberg, 2 07 Harrach garden, 204, 205 Liechtenstein garden, 206 Neugebäude, 103-4 Tabor avenue, 204 Volks garten, 204 Vienna (modern Vienne), 21 Viennese Academy, 209 Vigée Lebrun, Madame Elisabeth, Souvenirs, 226 Villa Aldobrandi, Frascati, 167, 169 Villa d'Esté, Tivoli, 142, 147, 167, 168 Villa Lante, Bagnaia, 110 Villiers, Pierre, Manuel du voyageur aux environs de Paris, 225, 236, 238 vineyards, 8, 20, 36, 37, 38, 43, 52, 350, 376, 387 Virgil, 173, 225 Aeneid, 101 visual materials for garden history, 152 Vitruvius, 321 Voltaire, 208 401 I N D K X Volubilis (modern Ksar Pharaoun), Morocco, 28 \'öslau, nr. Vienna, 207, 208, 214 walled gardens, 67, 68, 6q, 72, 74, 75 Malpole family, 61 Walpole, Horace, 59, 60, 61, 66, 67, 71, 76, 160, 161, 162, 164, 165, 179 The History of the Modem Taste in Gardening, 68, 71 Walpole, Sir Robert, 71 Ware, Isaac, 250, 260, 261 Washington, D. C., 54 Waterhouse, Benjamin, 286, 291, 299 Watkins, 41 Watson, George, 6 Watts, William, 250 The Seats of Mobility and Gentry, 252 Webb,John, 277 Weber, C. J., 217 Welbeck, 363 West, Gilbert, 200 Whately, Thomas, 76, 257 Observations on Modern Gardening, 261 WThite, Hayden, 335 White, William, 254, 162, 165, 179m W7hitton, 277 Widemann, Joseph, 214, 215 Wiebenson, Dora, The Picturesque Garden in France, 230 Wieland, Christoph Martin, 216 wilderness, 247 Williamsburg, 32, 54 W7illis, Peter, 176 Willoughby, Sir Thomas, ig6 Wilson, Richard, 189, 190, 197 Wilton House, 189, 197 winter garden, 267 Wise, Henry, and George London, The Rettr'd Gard'ner, 249, 250 Woburn Abbey, 71 Wollaton Hall, 196, 197, 200 Wolterton, 72, 75 Woodbridge, Kenneth, 114, 178 Woodlands, the, 294-95 Woods, Richard, 251, 255, 254, 262, 266, 267, 268 Woodside, 250, 252, 255, 258, 262 Wordsworth, William, 368 Worksop Manor, 263, 264, 363 World Adorning Garden, 351 Worster, Donald, 286 Wrotham Park, 250, 254 Xenophon,304, 389—90 Xizhi, Wang, 92 Yahya ibn Ismâ'il al-Ma'nnm, King of Toledo, 324 Yale University, botanical gardens at, 294 yari-mizu, 80, 90 Yorimichi, 83 Young, Arthur, 225, 231, 233, 361 Zahir ud-Din Muhammad Babur, 336-57 Zen monasteries, 80 Ziegler, Joseph, 211 Zinzendorf, Court Karl von, 208 402 |
