| Volltext: | INDEX Aalto, Alvar, 123 Abstract Expressionism, xxii, xxiv, 117-118, 262 abstract art, xxiv, 39, 47, 65 Adler, Alfred, 269 AEG (Allgemeine Elektrizitäts Gesellschaft), 197 African art, xxii, 113-16, 117 Aktion, Die (periodical), 55, 64, 141, 168, 176, 177, 181, 182, 183, 263; cover (ref. to fig 9), 78 Amiet, Cuno, 22, 24 anarchism, xix, xxi, xxii, 262, 263, 276 Anbruch, Der (periodical), 174 Anna Blume, cover of (Kurt Schwitters), 277 (ref. to fig. 46) anti-Semitism, 6, 287, 306 Ararat, Der (periodical), 278 Arbeitsrat für Kunst (Working Council for Art), xxiii, 60, 108, 122, 174, 181, 191, 197-98, 202-3, 208, 212; call for art education reform by, 209; combining of individual arts of, 199-201; disbanding of, 219; influence on Bauhaus of, 191, 246; program of, 192, 193-94; rejection of government interference in, 208 Archipenko, Alexander, 55, 87, 116, 117, 126, 305 Arp, Hans, 51, 55, 263, 269, 272, 277 art education reform, 208, 209, 215 Avenger, The (Ernst Barlach), 109 (ref. to fig. 16) Baader, Johannes, 269 Baargeld, Johannes, 272 Bach, Johann Sebastian, 149 Bahr, Hermann, 77; from Expressionismus, 87-91 Bakunin, Mikhail Aleksandrovich, 265 Ball, Hugo, 52, 266, 269; "Kandinsky" 262, 263-66 Barbusse, Henri, 161, 178, 185 Barlach, Ernst, xxii, 3, 85, 109 (ref. to fig. 16), 296, 297, 302-3; as degenerate artist, 308; excerpts from letters and diary, 110-12; as printmaker, 140, 165, 166-67; as sculptor, 18, 20, 109, 110-12 Baroque art, 326 Bartning, Otto, 194, 202-3 Barzun, Jacques, 296 Baudessin, Klaus Graf, 308 Bauen (periodical), 202, 205 Bauer, Rudolf, 64, 65, 194, 213 Bauhaus, xxi, 198, 245-46, 260-61; call to return to crafts of, 247-51; call to socialism of, 260; criticism of, 252-54; fund solicitation pamphlet of, 251-52; as influenced by Arbeitsrat für Kunst, 191, 246; Program, cover of (Lyonel 337 INDEX Bauhaus (cont.) Feininger), 246 (réf. to fig. 41); program of, 246-49. See also Walter Gropius Bavarian Council Republic, 179, 279, 281 Beardsley, Aubrey Vincent, 79 Bebel, August: Woman under Socialism, 185 Becher, Johannes R., 184 Beckmann, Max, 29, 95, 96, 100-101, 151 (ref. to figs. 25 and 26), 283; as degenerate artist, 308; as Neue Sachlichkeit exhibitor, 290; as printmaker, 143, 151-53; "Thoughts on Timely and Untimely Art" 99-100 Beham, Hans Sebald, 24 Behne, Adolf, xxii, 105, 122, 188, 206, 246; "General Announcement" from the flyer for the periodical Bauen, 203-5; "German Expressionists, Lecture for the Opening of the new Sturm exhibition" 60-63; on goals of the Novembergruppe, 210-11; as leader of Arbeitsrat für Kunst, 191-92, 198, 201; "Unknown Architects" 202-3 Behrens, Peter, 197 Belling, Rudolf, 213, 217 Benn, Gottfried, 313, 317-20 Bergson, Henri, 177 Berlin Secession, 3, 25, 26-27, 31, 32, 33, 34, 69n36, 215, 306 Berlin Salon, 5 Bernard, Emile, 28, 99 Biermann, Georg, 151 Bildermann, Der (periodical), 109, 141, 161, 164 Bismarck, Otto von, 179 Blaue Reiter, xxi, 3, 30, 37-38, 55; almanac of, 37, 44-47, 113; antinaturalist stance of, 18, 47; cover design for almanac (ref. to fig. 6), 45; exhibitions of, 38, 70n48, 141 Blavatsky, Helen, 42 Bleyl, Fritz, 21, 23-24 Bloch, Albert, 65 Bloch, Ernst, xxiv, 314, 315; "Discussing Expressionism" 312, 323-27 Blok, Alexander, 289 Blümner, Rudolph: from Der Stürm: Einführung (An Introduction), 63-66; "Expressionist Sculpture" 117 Blutige Ernst, Der (periodical), 113 Boccioni, Umberto, 31, 64 Böckstiegel, Peter August, 143, 223, 236 Böhme, Jakob, 254 bolshevism, 252 Bonnard, Pierre, 14 Botticelli, Sandro, 302 Braque, Georges, 86 Brücke, 3, 27-30, 31, 55, 222; antinaturalism of, 18; history of, 21-25; and printmaking, 140-41, 142-44 Brust, Alfred, 183, 238n28 Buber, Martin, 88-89, 150, 153n6 Buddhism, 269-70 Burckhardt, Jacob, 11 Cabaret Voltaire, 263 Campendonck, Heinrich, 65, 126, 191-92, 308 capitalism, xxiv, 77, 79-80, 202, 312, 313, 320, 324, 325 Carra, Carlo, 31, 64, 276 Caspar, Karl, 283 Cassirer, Paul, 26-27, 29, 60, 109, 162, 171, 173, 306; disillusionment with WWI of, 161, 164, 166 Cézanne, Paul, 3, 7, 14, 16, 17, 36, 86, 90, 96, 97, 99-100, 120, 325 Chagall, Marc, 55, 65, 92, 94, 222 Chamberlain, Houston Stewart, 90 Chirico, Giorgio De, 292 Christ (Karl Schmidt-Rottluff), 150 (ref. to fig. 24) Cicerone, Der (periodical), 151, 201 338 INDEX Commemorative Print for Karl L. Liebknecht (Käthe Kollwitz), 173, 185 (réf. to fig. 31) communism, xix, xxiv, 56, 245, 277, 304-5, 320 Communist party, Germany (KPD), 184, 223, 232, 273, 275 Composition VI (Wassily Kandinsky), 81 (ref. to fig. 11) Corinth, Lovis, 3 Council of Intellectual Workers, 182 Courbet, Gustav, 283 Cranach, Lucas, 24 Cross, Henri-Edmond, 17 Cubism, xxii, 18, 19, 23, 25, 30, 34, 36, 52, 53-54, 60-61, 62-63, 65, 81, 85, 86, 96, 97, 100, 103, 117, 118, 222, 234, 264-65, 304, 326 Dada-Constructivist Congress, 262, 277 Dada, xix, 262, 263-65, 273, 275, 278, 304; critique of German Expressionism by artists of, 174, 211, 219-21, 266-69, 269-72; First International Dada Fair, 272 (ref. to fig. 44); use of photomontages in, 270, 272 Däubler, Theodor, 93, 168, 266, 275; "Expressionism" 84-87 De Stijl (periodical), 278 Degenerate Art exhibition, 297, 307, 321 (ref. to fig. 49 and 50), 307-11 Delacroix, Eugène, 99, 163 Delaunay, Robert, 65, 85, 101, 126; "Tour Eiffel" 50, 86, 104; "View from the Window" 53 Denis, Maurice, 14, 18 Derain, André, 3, 86 Deri, Max: "Cubists and Expressionism" 18-20 Dietrich, Rudolf Adrian, 140 Dilthey, Wilhelm, 314 Dix, Otto, 161, 217, 234 (ref. to fig. 40), 272; as degenerate artist, 308; as Gruppe 1919 member, 223, 224, 225, 235; letter to Kurt Günther, 233-35; as Neue Sachlichkeit exhibitor, 280, 290; as signer of the "Open Letter" 219, 221 Döblin, Alfred, 27, 55; The Canoness and Death, 144 Don't Strangle Our Newborn Freedom (Max Pechstein), 189 (ref. to fig- 34) Dresden Secession Gruppe 1919, xxiii, 212, 214, 219, 227-29, 230-31, 234; Neue Blätter für Kunst und Dichtung as organ for, 225, 226-27; overview of, 222-23; regulations and statement of purpose, 223-25 Dresdener Neuesten Nachrichten (periodical), 81 Duchamp, Marcel, 178 Dungert, Max, 219, 221 Dürer, Albrecht, 90 Durieux, Tilla, 164, 166 Ebert, Friedrich, 185, 220, 238n31, 279 Eckhart, Meister, 42 Ecstasy (Oswald Herzog), 116 (ref. to fig. 17) Edschmid, Kasimir, 171, 266, 288 Egyptian art, 163 Eichorn, Emil, 186, 238n33 Einstein, Albert, 185 Einstein, Carl: from Negerplastik (African Sculpture), 113-16 Eisler, Hanns, 321 Eisner, Kurt, 173, 279, 281; "The Socialist Nation and the Artist" 178-80 El Greco, 16, 58, 90, 99 Engels, Friedrich, 269 Entartete Kunst, 334n83, 334n84. See Degenerate Art exhibition Erde, Die (periodical), 174 Ernst, Max, 65, 272 Erste International Dada-Messe. See First International Dada Fair, 272-74 Eucken, Rudolf, 176, 177 339 INDEX Exhibition of Unknown Architects (April 1919), 105, 202, 203 Expressionistiche Arbeitsgemeinschaft Kiel, (Expressionist Work Group Kiel), 222 Expressionismus, Der, cover of (ref. to fig- 10), 81 Eysold, Gertrud, 164, 166 Fallen One, The (Wilhelm Lehmbruck), 87 (ref. to fig. 13) Fascism, xix, 312, 314-15, 316-17, 318, 320, 325 Fate of Animals (Franz Marc), 162 (ref. to fig. 27) Fechter, Paul, xx, xxii, 33-34, 81, 308; from Der Expressionismus, 81-84 Feininger, Lyonel, 55, 65, 245, 246, (ref. to fig. 41), 260, 308 Felixmüller, Conrad, 101, 165 (ref. to fig. 29), 184 (ref. to fig. 33), 219, 233-34, 235, 308; Cubo- Expressionism of, 229 (ref. to fig. 39), 232 (ref. to fig. 39); as Gruppe 1919 founder, 222, 223, 224, 225, 232; "Military Hospital Orderly Felixmüller" 168-70; "To Art" 232-33; WWI experiences of, 161 Fichte, Johann Gottlieb, 84, 91 Finsterlin, Hermann, 136, 202, 203 First German Autumn Salon, 56-60 First International Dada Fair, 272-74 Fischer, Theodor, 124, 133 Flechtheim, Alfred, 16 folk art, 322 Forster, Gela, 223, 241n69 Frank, Leonhard, 166, 287-88 Franz Pfemfert (Georg Tappert), 181 (ref. to fig. 32) Free Corps (Freikorps), 185, 238n30 Frie Strasse, Die (periodical), 269 French Symbolism. See Symbolism Freud, Sigmund, 269 Freundlich, Otto, 308 Frick, Wilhelm, 297 Friedeberger, Hans: "The Artists' Posters of the Revolutionary Days" 188-90 Frühlicht (periodical), 122 Fry, Roger, 4-5, 16 Futurism, xxii, 19, 63, 64, 65, 89, 104, 222, 268 Galerie Dada, 263 Garbe, Herbert, 217 Gauguin, Paul, 3, 4, 14, 16, 17, 79, 99, 100, 140, 141, 293 Gaul, August, 109 Gegner, Der (periodical), 211, 219 Genius (periodical), 144 George, Stefan, 318, 319 Géricault, Théodore, 99 "German Art" exhibition (1933), ' 296-97, 301 German Expressionism, abstract, 117-118, 262; antinaturalism of, xxii-xxiii; communal scope of, 98, 171-72, 198-99, 215-16; and crafts, 247-51; critical interpretations of, xix-xx; criticism of, 4, 5-9, 58-59, 99-100, 174, 270-72, 276-77; defense of, xxiii-xxiv, 9-13, 13-16, 97-98; demise of, 279, 280-83, 284-87, 288-89; as ethical force, 235-36; "extensive" and "intensive" 82-83; internationalism of, 6-8, 78, 227-29, 252-54, 320; Marxist interpretations of, 312-13, 322; as means of cultural regeneration, 177-78; metaphysical qualities of, 9, 11-12, 15, 78, 84, 104-7, 147-49, 217-19, 232-33, 250-51; and mysticism, 260-61; as non-Fascist, 322-23; use of non-Western sources in, 110-11, 260, 261; opposition to Wilhemine government of, 77, 78; political motives of, 77, 340 INDEX 78-80; and proletariat rejection of, 182-83; as revolutionary, 321-22; as societal rebuilder, xxii, 193-94, 230-31; Utopian spirit of, 130-31, 170, 202-3; vision of, 57-58, 89-91, 94 German Werkbund Exhibition of 1914, 122 Gesamtkunstwerk, xxi, 139, 207, 251, 265-66 Gide, André, 178 Giedion, Siegfried, 123 Gies, Ludwig, 308 Giorgione, 302 Gläserne Kette. See Glass Chain Glass (Bruno Taut), 136-37 Glass Chain (Gläserne Kette), 122, 135-36 Gleizes, Albert, 65, 86 Goebbels, Josef, 296, 306, 313, 316, 318, 324 Goesch, Paul, 136; Glass Chain Letter, 137-38 Goethe, Johann Wolfgang von, 90, 284, 302, 326 Gold, Alfred, 112 Göll, Iwan, 287; "Expressionism is Dying" 287-89 Goltz Gallery (Galerie Neue Kunst, Munich), 30 Golyscheff, Jefim, 203 Gordon, Donald: Expressionism, xix Gorky, Maxim, 185 Gothic art, xxii, 17-18, 61, 77, 84, 124-25, 203, 204-5, 253, 305 Goya, Francisco de, 99 Griebel, Otto, 223 Grisebach, August, 194 Grohmann, Will, 150, 210, 216-17, 222; "Prints of Gruppe 1919 Dresden" ("Sonderheft von Graphik der Gruppe 1919 Dresden"), 235-36 Gropius, Walter, xxi, 203, 206; "Architecture in a Free Republic" ("Baukunst im freien Volksstaat"), 198-99; Bauhaus Program (Programm des Staatlichen Bauhauses in Weimar), 247-49; as founder and leader of Bauhaus, 55, 245-47, 252, 259-60; as leader of Arbeitsrat für Kunst, 191, 192, 194, 201; letters of, 199-200; speech to Bauhaus students, 249-50; speech to the membership meeting of the Arbeitsrat für Kunst, 197, 200-201 Gross, Otto, 269 Grosse Berliner Kunstausstellung, 217 Grosz, Georg, 85, 93, 101, 113, 185, 219, 269, 272, 274 (réf. to fig. 45); as degenerate artist, 308; as KPD member, 273, 275; "My New Pictures" 274-77; as Neue Sachlichkeit exhibitor, 280, 290; WWI experiences of, 168 Grünewald, Matthias, 19, 58, 61, 83, 90, 326 Gruppe 1919. See Dresden Secession Gruppe 1919 Gruppe 1919, poster for (Otto Dix), 234 (réf. to fig. 40) Gruppe Rih, 212 Guilbeaux, Henri, 178 Günther, Hans F. K., 299 Günther, Kurt, 234 Hablik, Wenzel, 136; Glass Chain Letter, 138-39 Halberstädter Tageblatt (periodical), 176 Hallische Künstlergruppe, 212 Hals, Frans, 100 Hansen, Walter, 308 Harms, Adolf, 232 Hartlaub, Gustav, xxiii, 279-80; "Art and the New Gnosis" ("Die Kunst und die neue Gnosis"), 91-94; from Die neue Deutsche Graphik (The New German Print), 341 INDEX Hartlaub (cont.) 141-44; Kunst und Religion, 91, 149-50; preface to catalogue of Neue Sachlichkeit exhibition, 290-92 Hasenclever, Walter, 288 Hasz', Erwin, 203 Hausenstein, Wilhelm, xxiii, 194, 308; "Art of this Moment" 280-83 Hausmann, Raoul, 219, 221, 266, 269-70, 277-78; "The German PHILISTINE Is Annoyed" 262, 270-72 He Approaches (Johannes Molzahn), 105 (ref. to fig. 15) Heartfield, John, 219, 272, 273, 274-75, 327 Heckel, Erich, 108, 142, 191, 283; as degenerate artist, 308; as founder of Brücke, 21, 23-24, 59; letters to Franz Marc, 29-33 Heckrott, Will, 143, 223, 224, 225, 235 Heemskerck, Jakoba van, 61 Hegel, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich, 84 Heise, Carl Georg, 194, 308 Heibig, Walter, 51 Herzfeld, Franz, 272 Herzfelde, Wieland, 101, 211, 219, 266, 274-75; "Introduction" First International Dada Fair, 272-74 Herzog, Oswald, 116 (ref. to fig. 17), 203, 217; "Abstract Expressionism" 117-18 Heym, Georg, 145 Heymann, Walter, 3, 34 Hiller, Kurt, 266, 324 Hirsch, Karl Jakob, 217 Hitler, Adolf, 296, 298, 304, 308, 319, 326 Hoch, Hannah, 217, 219, 221, 270, 272 Hodler, Ferdinand, 14, 15, 20, 97 Holbein, Hans, 302 Holzel, Adolf, 254, 258 Hubbuch, Karl, 290 Huelsenbeck, Richard, 262, 263, 266-67, 277; "Dada Manifesto", 267-69 Humanity in the Streets (George Grosz), 274 (ref. to fig. 45) Husserl, Edmund, 177 Impressionism, 13-14, 17-18, 52, 61-62, 81-82, 89, 90, 96-97, 102, 137-38, 282-83, 293-94 Independent Social Democratic Party, Germany (USPD), 179, 182, 202, 315, 317, 324 International Style, 123 International Workers' Aid, 185 Internationale Literatur (periodical), 320, 324 internationalism, 6-8, 78, 227-29, 252-54, 320 Itten, Johannes, 245-46, 254 (ref. to figs. 42 and 43), 258-60; "Analyses of Old Masters" 254-57 Izvestia (periodical), 297 JA! Stimmen des Arbeitsrates für Kunst in Berlin. See YES! Voices of the Arbeitsrat für Kunst Jaeckel, Willy, 194 Janco, Marcel, 263, 269 Janthur, Richard, 101 Japanese art, 140 jazz, 322 Jedermann sein eigner Fussball (periodical), 272-73 Jouve, J. P., 178 Jugendstil, 84, 140 Jung, Franz, 183, 269 Junge Deutschland, Das (periodical), 225 junge Rheinland, Das, 212 Kabbalah, 42, 91, 276 Kaesbach, Walter, 194 Kaiser, Fritz: Guide to the Degenerate Art Exhibition, 307-11 342 INDEX Kampfbund für deutsche Kultur (Fighting League for German Culture), 296, 299, 301, 306 Kandinsky, Wassily, xxi, xxii, 31, 45 (ref. to fig. 6), 53-54, 55, 81 (réf. to fig. 11), 92, 94, 96, 126, 133, 217, 282; as art revolutionary, 64, 89, 177, 280; as Bauhaus instructor, 245; as degenerate artist, 305, 308; forward, Neue Künstlervereinigung exhibition catalog, 39; as founder of Blaue Reiter, 37, 38, 113; influence of, 122, 124, 191, 227; as "intensive" Expressionist, 81, 82-83; letter to Alfred Kubin, 43-44; On the Spiritual in Art, 38, 48, 95; spirituality in art of, 42-44, 86-87; untitled essay from The Struggle for Art: The Answer to the "Protest of German Artists" 39-41 Kandinsky, Wassily, and Franz Marc: preface for the Blaue Reiter almanac, 44-47 Kant, Immanuel, 84, 123-24, 183 Kapp, Wolfgang, 220, 240n65 Kirchner, Ernst Ludwig, 4, 32, 119 (ref. to fig. 18), 122, 280, 283; Brücke Program, 21, 22 (ref. to fig. 3), 23 (and ref. to fig. 4); Chronicle of the Brücke, 23-25; as degenerate artist, 308; letter to Erich Heckel and Max Pechstein, 25-26; letters to Gustav Schiefler, 26-27; as printmaker, 142-43, 144-47; as sculptor, 108, 118-21. See also L. de Marsalle Klee, Paul, 51 (ref. to fig. 7), 55, 65, 86, 92, 93, 94, 138, 280, 282, 283; as Bauhaus instructor, 245, 260; as degenerate artist, 308; "Exhibition of the Modern League in the Zurich Kunsthaus" 51-54 Klein, César, 173 (ref. to fig. 30), 189, 191, 203, 206, 213, 217; as member of Arbeitsrat für Kunst, 192, 194 Kliemann, Helga: Die Novembergruppe, 212, 240n59 Kohler, Bernhard, 48 Kokoschka, Oskar, 55, 58, 61, 79, 83, 87, 89, 94, 127 (ref. to fig. 20), 149 (ref. to fig. 23), 223, 282, 283; as degenerate artist, 308; as printmaker, 143, 147-49 Kollwitz, Hans, 187, 291 Kollwitz, Karl, 185, 186, 187 Kollwitz, Käthe, xxiii, 161, 165 (ref. to fig. 28), 173 (ref. to fig. 31), 185 (ref. to fig. 31), 194; letters and diary entries, 164-67, 184-87, 297-98 Kollwitz, Peter, 164, 166, 187 KPD. See Communist Party Germany Kräfte, 212, 222 Kraus, Karl, 55, 58 Kriegszeit (periodical), 109, 112, 141, 161, 164 Kubin, Alfred, 127, 280, 283; letter to Kandinsky, 42-43 Kubista, Bohumil, 34 Kugel, Die, 212 Kühn, Herbert: "Expressionism and Socialism" 176-78 Künding (periodical), 149 Kunst and Künstler (periodical), 101 Kunstblatt, Das (periodical), 85, 147, 174 Kunst im Dritten Reich (periodical), 301, 303 Künstlergruppe Brücke, cover of (ref. to fig. 3), 22 Landauer, Gustav, 153n6, 173, 179, 279 Lange, Otto, 143, 217, 223, 235 Lasker-Schüler, Else, 55, 58, 63, 168, 272 Lassang, Iwan. See Iwan Göll Le Corubusier, 123 343 INDEX Le Fauconnier, Henri, 4, 50, 53 Léger, Fernand, 55, 65, 87, 125 Lehmbruck, Wilhelm, 18, 20, 87 (réf. to fig. 13), 283, 308 Leibi, Wilhelm, 100, 283 Leonhard, Rudolf, 324 Leu, Peter: Guide through the Section of the Novembergruppe Art Exhibition, 216-19 Liebermann, Max, 80, 297, 306 Liebknecht, Karl, 151-52, 173, 185-87, 232, 279 Lloyd, Jill: German Expressionism: Primitivism and Modernity, xx Lukâcs, Georg, 312, 323, 324-27; "Expressionism: Its Significance and Decline" 313-17 Ludendorff, Erich von, 220, 240n65, 289 Lüthy, Oscar, 51, 269 Luxemburg, Rosa, 151-52, 173, 185-87, 232, 279 Machiavelli, Niccolò, 294 Macke, August, 48, 56, 86; letter to Herwarth Waiden, 59-60 "Magic Realism" 279 Mahler, Alma, 254 Malik Verlag, 219, 272 Manet, Claude, 97 Mann, Heinrich, 297, 298, 314, 318, 319, 333n71; "Geist und Tat" 78, 229 Mann, Klaus, xxiv, 312; "Gottfried Benn: History of an Aberration" 317-20 Mann, Thomas, 58, 317 Marc, Franz, xxii, 54, 61, 83, 89, 92, 94, 96, 126, 127 (ref. to fig. 27); "Anti-Beckmann" 100-101; Blaue Reiter subscription prospectus, 47; as degenerate artist, 308; as founder of Blaue Reiter, 3, 37, 113; letters from the front, 162-64; letter to Reinhard Piper, 48; "The New Painting" 96-98; WWI experiences of, 161 Marc, Franz, and Wassily Kandinsky: preface for the Blaue Reiter almanac, 44-47 Marc, Maria, 162 Mareks, Gerhard, 203, 245, 260 Marsalle, L. de (pseud. E. L. Kirchner): "On Kirchner's Prints" 144-47; "On the Sculpture of E. L. Kirchner" 118-21. See also E. L. Kirchner Martyrdom (Max Beckmann), 151, 173 (ref. to fig. 26) Matisse, Henri, 3, 4, 6, 18, 28, 52, 54, 89, 97, 100 Marx, Karl, 183, 269 Mazdaznan philosophy, 246, 254, 258-60 Mehring, Walter, 55, 269 Meidner, Ludwig, xxii, 85 (ref. to fig. 12), 101 (ref. to fig. 14), 168, 280, 282, 283, 289; "An Introduction to Painting the Metropolis" 101-4; explanation of GE by, 95; "Hymn of Brotherly Love" 161, 170-72; "To All Artists, Musicians, Poets" 174-76 Meier-Graefe, Julius, 16, 194, 308 Melzer, Moriz, 181, 213, 217 Mendelsohn, Eric, 123, 132-33, 133 (ref. to fig. 22); letter to Luise Mendelsohn, 134; extract from Arbeitsrat lecture, "The Problem of a New Architecture" 134-35 Menschen (periodical), 149, 181, 222, 225, 229, 235; Editorial (January 15, 1919), 184; statement of purpose, 230 Mense, Carl, 61, 65, 290, 292 Menzel, Adolph von, 183 Merzmalerei, 276, 277-78 Metzinger, Jean, 65, 86, 92 .Michelangelo, 19 344 INDEX Mies van der Rohe, Ludwig, 122 Mitschke-Collande, Constantin von, 143, 223, 224, 225, 235 Modern League, The, 51-54 modernism, xxi, 5, 6, 16, 23, 37, 39, 48, 55, 56, 85, 123, 202, 211, 252, 304, 305, 307, 308, 312-313 Modersohn-Becker, Paula, 308 Moeller van den Bruck, Arthur, 109 Moholy-Nagy, Laszló, 55, 246 Molzahn, Johannes, xxiii, 95, 105 (ref. to fig. 15 and fig. 36), 154nl5, 202, 203 (ref. to fig. 36); "The Manifesto of Absolute Expressionism" 104-7 Mombert, Alfred, 58 Monet, Claude, 7, 102 Muche, George, 55, 64, 92, 94, 245, 260 Mueller, Otto, 25, 142, 308 Mühsam, Ernst, 179 Müller, Albert, 119 Müller, Felix, 143, 183 Müller, Johannes, 88 Munch, Edvard, 14, 16 (ref. to fig. 2), 28, 59, 92, 94, 127; as printmaker, 140, 141, 142, 143 Munich Neue Künstler Vereinigung. See Neue Künstler Vereinigung Münter, Gabriele, 37, 52, 54, 66 Muthesius, Hermann, 206 Mutzenbecher, Franz, 219, 221 mysticism, 260-61 National Socialist Party, xxiv, 211, 252, 275, 292; and campaign against modern art, 296-97, 298, 301, 306, 307-8 Nauen, Heinrich, 194 Nazis. See National Socialist Party Neue Blätter für Kunst and Dichtung (periodical), 85, 149, 222, 225-27, 234 Neue Bücherschau, Die (periodical), 149 Neue Jugend, Die (periodical), 266 Neue Kunst, Die (periodical), 263 Neue Künstler Vereinigung (NKV), 4, 37-39, 166 Neue Merkur, Der (periodical), 280 Neue Sachlichkeit, xix, 123, 234, 279-80, 290-92 Neue Standpunkt, Der (periodical), 85 Neue Weltbühne, Die (periodical), 320-21 Neues Bauen, 123 New Secession, 4, 22, 25, 31, 32, 34, 69n36, 181, 191 New Bird Phoenix, The (César Klein), 173 (ref. to fig. 30) Niemeyer, Wilhelm, 194 Nietzsche, Friedrich Wilhelm, 21, 49, 91, 318-19 NKV. See Neue Künstler Vereinigung Nolde, Emil, xxiv, 22, 43, 59, 93, 142-43, 282, 283; as degenerate artist, 308; as "German Art" exhibitor, 296, 302-3; letter to the President of the Prussian Academy of Arts, 305-7 Novembergruppe, xxiii, 108, 191; An alle Künstler!, 174, 179, 181, 211, 215; attitude towards art of, 215-16, 217-19; Draft of the manifesto of the Novembergruppe, circular letter, and guidelines, 211-14; 1920 Exhibition of, 217; founding of, 174, 181; history of, 210—11; opposition to, 219-21; as poster artists, 188-90 November Revolution (of 1918), xxi, 56, 122, 173-74, 184, 210, 222, 268, 278, 279, 280 Obrist, Hermann, 203 "Open Letter to the Novembergruppe" 174, 219-221 Oppenheimer, Max, 20 Osborn, Max, 3 Osthaus, Carl Ernst, 16, 194, 206 345 INDEX pacifism, 131-32, 192 "Pathetiker" 101 Paul Scheerbart (Oskar Kokoschka), 127 (réf. to fig. 20) Pauli, Gustav, 5, 7, 91 Pechstein, Max, 4, 19-20, 22, 34 (ref. to fig. 5), 34-36, 81 (ref. to fig. 10), 82-83, 89, 161, 189 (ref. to fig. 34), 191, 192, 193 (ref. to fig. 35), 194, 213, 215 (ref. to fig. 38); as co-author of "To All Artists, Musicians, Poets" 174; as degenerate artist, 308; as printmaker, 142-43, 189; as sculptor, 108; "What is Picasso Up To?" 33-36; "What We Want" 214-16 Pevsner, Nikolaus, 123 Pfemfert, Franz, 78, 168, 171, 176, 181, 182 Photomontages, 270, 272 Picabia, Francis, 272 Picasso, Pablo, 36, 50-51, 101, 265; as art revolutionary, 79, 89, 97, 177; as original Expressionist, 4, 86 Pinthus, Kurt, 288, 324; "Address to World Citizens" 171 Piper, Reinhard, 48 Piscator, Erwin, 273 Pissarro, Camille, 102 Plakat, Das (periodical), 188 Pleite, Die (periodical), 113, 272 Poelzig, Hans, 194 Pointillism, 49, 64 Portrait of the Poet Theodor Daübler (Ludwig Meidner), 85 (ref. to fig. 12) Portrait of Walter Rheiner (Conrad Felixmüller), 229, 232 (ref. to fig. 39) Post-Expressionism, 286-87, 290-95 Prampolini, Enrico, 217, 269 primitive art, 9, 96, 263, 284, 285 primitivism, 9, 11-12, 22-23, 24, 25, 77, 93, 104, 117, 326 Propaganda Ministry, 296 Protest deutscher Künstler, Ein (ref. to fig- 1)/ 4 Protest of German Artists, A, 4-8 Puni, Ivan, 270 Radenberg, Wilhelm, 109 Rathenau, Walther, 197, 239n45 Rebay, Hilla von, 217 Reiche, Richard, 79, 81; foreword, International Exhibition of the Sonderbund, 16-18 Rembrandt, 90, 100, 265 Revolution, Die (periodical), 263 Rheiner, Walter, 222; "The New World" 229, 230-31; statement of purpose for the journal Menschen, 229-30 Rheinland, Das (periodical), 13 Richter, Heinrich, 194, 213, 217 Richter-Berlin, Heinrich. See Heinrich Richter Riegl, Alois, 9, 90, 117 Ring, Thomas, 221 Roh, Franz, xxiii, 279, 292 (ref. to fig. 47); from Post-Expressionism, Magic Realism: Problems of Recent European Painting, 292-95 Rohlfs, Christian, 194, 308 Rolland, Romain, 167, 178, 237n8 Rosenberg, Alfred, xxiv, 296, 299, 305, 318, 319; "Revolution in the Visual Arts" 301-3 Rosicrucianism, 91 Rot-Blau, 119 Rote Erde, Die (periodical), 149 Rote Fahne, Die (periodical), 185, 187 Rote Hahn (periodical), 182, 183 Rousseau, Jean-Jacques, 49, 282 Rubiner, Ludwig, 287, 288, 324; "Painters Build Barricades" 78-80 Russolo, Luigi, 31 Salvisberg, Otto Rudolf, 203 Saxon-Weimar Academy, 219-20 Schaffenden, Die (periodical), 147 346 INDEX Schapire, Rosa, 28; "Schmidt- Rottluffs Religious Woodcuts" 149-51 Scharff, Edwin, 283 Scheerbart, Paul, 55, 122, 136, 246; from Glass Architecture, 126-29 Scheffler, Karl, 21, 308 Schelling, Friedrich Wilhelm Joseph von, 84 Scherer, Hermann, 119 Schiefler, Gustav, 26-27, 28 Schikowski, John, 194 Schilling, Heinar, 229 Schlemmer, Oskar, 245, 308; letter to Otto Meyer, 254, 258-60; manifesto from the publicity pamphlet for the first Bauhaus exhibition in Weimar, 260-61 Schlichter, Rudolf, 219, 221, 290 Schmidt, Paul Ferdinand, xx, 5, 81, 222; "The Expressionist" 13-15; "Max Beckmann's Hell" 151-53 Schmidt-Rottluff, Karl, xxii, 21, 24, 83, 150 (ref. to fig. 24), 183, 191, 296, 308; effects of WWI experiences of, 161; letter to Gustav Schiefler, 28-29; postcard to Cuno Amiet, 28; as printmaker, 142-43, 149-51; response to Yes! Voices of the Arbeitsrat für Kunst, 206, 208-9; as sculptor, 108 Schneidemarin, Philipp, 186, 238n32 Schoenberg, Arnold: Lieder des Pierrot Lunaire, 168 Scholz, Georg, 217, 219, 221, 290 Scholz, Robert, xxiv, 308; from Vital Questions about the Visual Arts, 303-5 Schöne Rarität, Die (periodical), 181, 211, 232 Schopenhauer, Arthur, 84 Schreyer, Lothar, 55, 65-66, 245, 258, 260 Schrimp, Georg, 65, 290, 292 Schubert, Otto, 223, 224, 225, 235 Schultze-Naumburg, Paul, 299 (ref. to fig. 48), 303, 306; from Art and Race, 298-200 Schweitzer, Hans, 308 Schwitters, Kurt, 55, 262, 270, 277 (ref. to fig. 46); "Merz- Painting" 277-78 Seewald, Richard, 282, 283 Segall, Lasar, 223, 224, 225, 235 Seurat, Georges, 97, 120 Severini, Gino, 31, 64 Sezession Gruppe 1919. See Dresden Secession Gruppe 1919 Shterenberg, D. P., and Hugo Zehder: "A Call from Russian Artists" 227-29 Sichel, Die (periodical), 181 Signac, Paul, 17, 49 Signorelli, Luca, 99 Simmel, Georg, 89, 177, 314 Simon, Hugo, 194 Sinclair, Upton, 185 Social Democratic Party, Germany (SPD), 184, 185, 202, 215, 237n20, 247, 252, 279, 280 socialism, xix, xxi, xxiii, 131-32, 174-76, 178, 182, 184-87, 203-5, 222, 227, 247, 260 Soldier in Psychiatric Ward (Conrad Felixmüller), 168 (ref. to fig. 29) Sonderbund, 6; 1910 exhibition of, 3-4, 16; 1912 exhibition of, 16-18, 25, 38, 68n20, 79 Soviet Republic of Bavaria, 179, 279, 281 Sozialistische Monatshefte (periodical), 202 Sparticists, 151-52, 184, 185-86, 279; rejection of proletariat by, 182-83. See also Communist Party, Germany SPD. See Social Democratic Party Spengler, Oswald, 318; Decline of the West, 284, 286, 299 Stalin, Joseph, 313 Steegemann, Paul, 277 347 INDEX Steger, Milly, 194 Steiner, Rudolf, 42, 88, 91, 93-94 Steinhardt, Jakob, 101 Stiemer Felix, 229 Stinnes, Hugo, 220, 240n65 Stirm, Lise Schmidt, 187 Stoermer, Curt, 217 Stramm, August, 55, 63 Strindberg, Johan August, 127 Struggle for Art: The Answer to the "Protest of German Artists" The, 9-13 Stuckenberg, Fritz, 65 Sturm (art circle), 55, 168. See also Der Sturm Sturm (art school), xxii, 65-66 Sturm, Der (periodical), 55-56, 64, 141, 181 Sturm und Drang, 15, 67nl6, 326 Swarzenski, Georg, 194 Symbolism, 12, 27-28, 39 Tannhauser Gallery (Moderne Galerie, Munich), 30 Tappert, Georg, xxiii, 181 (ref. to fig. 32), 194, 211, 213, 217, 232; letter to Franz Pfemfert, 174, 176, 181-83; response to YES! Arbeitsrates für Kunst in Berlin, 206, 209 Taut, Bruno, xxi, xxii, 60, 104, 122 (ref. to fig. 19), 129 (ref. to fig. 21), 130, 202, 206 (ref. to fig. 37), 246-47; from Alpine Architecture, 129-32; Arbeitsrat für Kunst Program, 191-92, 192-94; An Architecture Program, 192, 194-97; as founder of Glass Chain, 135-36; Class Chain Letter, 136-37; "Glass House" of, 122, 127; "A Necessity" 122, 123-26 Taut, Max, 194, 203 Tassenow, Heinrich, 194 Theosophy, xxi, 39, 42, 91-94, 269-70 Third Reich, xix, 150, 151, 296, 297-98, 309-11; theory of art and race in, 298-300; opposition to non-German art sources of, 302-3, 304, 306-7 "Thirty German Artists" exhibition, 297 Thüringer Tageszeitung (periodical), 252 Tintoretto, 99 Titian, 302 Toller, Ernst, 179 Topp, Arnold, 65, 194, 202 Tribunal, Das (periodical), 179 Trust. See Herwarth Waiden Tzara, Tristan, 263, 269, 277 Uhden, Maria, 65 Uccello, Paolo, 163 Unold, Max, 283 USPD (Unabhängige sozialdemokratische Partei Deutschlands). See Independent Social Democratic Party Valentiner, Wilhelm, 140, 194 Vallotton, Felix, 140 Van de Velde, Henry, 206 Van Doesburg, Theo, 262, 270, 278 van Dongen, Kees, 28, 33 van Gogh, Vincent, 4, 7, 14, 15, 16, 17, 36, 49, 85, 97, 113, 293 van Heemskerck, Jacoba, 65, 66 Vecchio, Palma, 302 Verein für Kunst (Association for Art), 56 Vinnen, Carl, xxi, 5, 252, 305; from A Protest of German Artists, 4 (ref. to fig. 1), 5-8, 9-13, 299 Vlaminck, Maurice, 3 Volker, Karl, 217 Völkische Beobachter (periodical), 299, 301, 303 vökische Kunst, Die (periodical), 303 Volunteers, The (Käthe Kollwitz), 165 (ref. to fig. 28) von Chamisso, Albert: Peter Schlemihl's Miraculous Story, 144-45 von Werefkin, Marianne, 37 Vorwärts (periodical), 179 348 INDEX Voll, Christopher, 223 Voß, Hermann, 194 Vossische Feitung (periodical), 81 Vuillard, Edouard, 14 Wagner, Richard, 265 Waiden, Herwarth, xx-xxi, xxiv, 29, 55 (réf. to fig. 8), 56, 63, 65, 127, 168; criticism of, 269-71; as founder of Der Sturm, 55, 141; "Introduction" First German Autumn Salon, 56-59; letter from August Macke, 59-60; "Vulgar Expressionism" 312, 320-23 Waiden, Nell, 65 Wandervogel movement, 260 Wannsee Train Station, The (Ludwig Meidner), 101 (ref. to fig. 14) Warlike Tribe (Paul Klee), 51 (ref. to g- 7) Way Home, The (Max Beckmann), 151 (ref. to fig. 25) Weidemann, Hans, 296-97 Weimar Republic, xxiii, 95, 105, 192, 317 Weissen Blätter, Die (periodical), 85 Weltanschauung, 218, 288, 289 Werkbund, 191, 206 Westheim, Paul, 211; "Kokoschka's Prints" 147-49 Wiehert, Fritz, 91 Wilhelm, Kaiser, 173 Wilhelmine Empire, xxi, xxii, 37, 56, 206 Willrich, Wolfgang, 307-8 Winckelmann, Johann Joachim, 215, 325, 326 Wolff, Kurt, 145 Wölfflin, Heinrich, 292 Wolfradt, Willi, 174 Woman Leads the Man, The (Oskar Kokoschka), 149 (ref. to fig. 23) Workers' Art Exhibition, 185 World War I, xxiii, 111-12, 152-53, 161-67, 171-72, 250-51, 260 World War II, 123, 235 Worpswede artist's colony, 5 Worringer, Wilhelm, xx-xxi, xxiii, 90, 194; from Current Questions on Art, 284-87; "The Historical Development of Modem Art" 9-13 Wort, Das (periodical), xxiv, 312, 313, 320 Wright, Frank Lloyd, 133-34 YES! Voices of the Arbeitsrat für Kunst (JA! Stimmen des Arbeitsrates für Kunst), 181, 192, 206 (ref. to fig. 37), 206-209 Zehder, Hugo, 222, 223, 224, 225, 234; "The Journal 1919 Neue Blätter für Kunst und Dichtung" 225-27 Zehder, Hugo, and D. P. Sterenberg: "A Call from Russian Artists" 227-29 Zeirath, Wily, 219, 221 Zeit-Echo (periodical), 79 Zenit (periodical), 288 Ziegler, Adolf, 306, 307 Ziegler, Bernhard, 312, 323, 326 349 |
