| Volltext: | INDEX Throughout the Index, E. stands for George Eastman. There were so many different companies, under names differing only slightly, that the simpler way seemed to be to cite all references to 'the Company' — after the last incorporation, in New Jersey, in which all the then existing companies were absorbed — under that heading; the earlier companies are referred to separately as far as possible. Abbot, Philips, 177 Abbott, Charles S., E.'s letter to, on his method of meeting competition of 'Solio,' 103-04; joins E. in organizing General Aristo Co., 167; mentioned, 117, 188 Abrams, Hiram, letter of E. to, 398 Accidents to employees, reduction in number of, 238 Acetate film, 204 Acetic anhydride, non-inflammable film, 207; method controlled by Ger many, 207; Congress considers prohib itory duty on, 207 Achilles, Gertrude S., daughter of H. A. Strong, letters of E. to, 442-44, 445 446, 448, 449, 450; suggests inscription for the new medical school, 449 Achilles, Henry L., Jr., 49 n. Adams, Roger, 317 Adams, R. A., 49 n. Adams, W. Irving, letter of E. to, 50 Adler, Mortimer, 412 Advertising, E.'s belief in, 41, 42; expansion in, 53; E.'s first great campaign (autumn, 1889), 80; his 'slogan,' 80; in Europe, 128 Aerial photography, how Kodak Co. can assist in development of, 296; special attention devoted to, 299; automatic film camera for, 2gg and E.'s offer concerning, restated after early denial, 304, 305, and approved, 306; development of, during the war, 306; best lens for, produced by Hawk-Eye Works, 312; first graduate of Rochester school of, among first troops to go to France, 314 Agfa, 224 Akeley, Carl, 476 Akeley, Mrs. Carl, 476 Albert, Prince Consort, 20 n. Albert Edward, Prince of Wales, later Edward VII, 51 and n., 145 Albumen, 22 Alder, Isaac, 406 Aldridge, George W., 405 Alexander, Magnus W., 363 Alexanderson, E. F. W., 488 Alexandra, Princess of Wales, later Queen, 51, and n., 145, 146 Alliance Bank, Rochester, 297 Allies, cause of the, E.'s mounting interest in, 287, 288; eager to have U.S. join in war in 1915, 287, 288 and n. Amateur cinematography, progress of, 373. 374 Amateur photographers, work of, with Kodaks, Chicago Tribune on, 83, 84 American Architect, The, quoted, on the Eastman Theater, 428-31 American Aristo Co., E.'s challenge to, "7 American Aristotype Co., 103, 202, 261 American Camera Co., 170 American Camera Mfg. Co., 155 American Chemical Society, 317 American Engineering Council, 370 American Expeditionary Force, 320 American film, improved ('stripping' films), 59 American Magazine, 465 n. American Mutoscope and Biograph Co., 214 Amundsen, Roald, 248 Anderson, Martin B., 416 n. Andrews, George W., letter of E. to, 48 Angelo paper, 262 Ansco Co., not purchased by Eastman Co., 259; receives $5,000,000 to settle Goodwin case, 277; mentioned, 270 Anthony, E., letter of, to E., 32; mentioned, 42, 43 Anthony, E. and H. T., letter of, to E., on merchandizing dry plates, 31; unsatisfactory relations with, 71; hire away two of E.'s foremen, 72, 73; E. brings suit for infringement against, 73, 74; sue E. for alleged infringement of another patent, 74; their offer to sell to E. declined, 171; combine with Scovill and Adams Co. in Anthony and Scovill Co., 171 Anthony, F. A., 176-78 Anthony, Richard, 177 Anthony and Scovill Co., attempt to 498 INDEX sell out to E. and settle Goodwin case, 193; price advanced by, 193; letter of E. concerning, 193, 194; offer a new proposition, 194; sue for infringement, 195; mentioned, 171 Anthony's Bulletin, 50, 52 Anti-capitalist propaganda, 237 Antisdale, L. M., letter of E. to, 275, 276; mentioned, 405 Anti-trust laws, E.'s letters to Philipp on, 195, 196 Archer, F. Scott, first used collodion in photography, 20 Armat, Thomas, 110, 122 Armistice, the, 320, 321 Art in advertising, letter of E. on, 80 Arthur, Chester A., Pres. of U.S., 470 Artura paper, 261, 262, 365 Asia, expansion of business in, 203 Austin, George H., letter of E. to, 115 n. Australia, E.'s ideas on income taxes in, 320, 321 Austria, Kodak Company in, 285; U.S. State Dep't asked to intervene, 286, 292 Automobile, first commercial one in U.S., no Aydelotte, Frank, 486, 487 Babbott, F. L., letters of E. to, on campaign of 1912, 226 n., 267; letters to, 388, 423, 425, 426, 444; mentioned, 5, 232 and n., 235 n., 351, 399, 461 Baekeland, Leo H., 167 n. Baer, George F., 157 Baker, Newton D., letter of E. to, 296, 297; mentioned, 295 Baker, Thomas, letters of E. to, 222-24, 225, 267, 268, 268-70, 282, 285, 286, 287, 288, 290, 291, 320, 321; mentioned, 203, 209 Baker and Rouse, Australia, E.'s company obtains controlling interest in, 203 Balanced production, lack of, to be blamed for many things, 367 Baldwin, Stanley, speech at laying foundation of London Dispensary, 479, 480 'Ballet girl as a Kodaker,' 85 Bancroft, Edgar A., letter of E. to, 233 Bancroft, Wilder B., 346 n. Banks, conservative policy of, 135 Bausch, Edward, 464 Bausch, J. J., letter of E. to, 8 n. Bausch, W., letters of E. to, 386-88, 389, 394, 395! mentioned, 419 Bausch and Lomb Optical Co., 325 Beers, Dr. N. T., and Kodachrome, 285, 288 Belgium (Brussels), business of Kodak Co. sequestered in, 286, 287; State Dep't asked to intervene, 287; fidelity of employees in, how rewarded, 287; mentioned, 92 Bell, Alexander Graham, and the telephone, 35; his accurate vision of the future, 41; lacked business ability, 41; on McCurdy's invention, t86; visits Rochester, 186; mentioned, 40 and n., in, 183 Bell, Mrs. Alex. G., 359, 360 Bercegol, M., 231 Berst, Mr., 220, 221 Beveridge, Albert J., Life of John Marshall, quoted, 366 and n. Bicycle, relation of automobiles, airplanes and Kodaks to, 11 n. 'Big business,' change in attitude of country toward, 365, 366 Biograph Co., 214 Birge, George K., letter of, to E., 280 n. Blair Camera Co., sued by E. for infringing Kodak patents by manufacturing 'Kamarets,' 94; E.'s defense successful, 94; failure of their folding camera, 114; sold by Goff to E. for Kodak stock, 170; mentioned, 124, 126, 140, 155 Blair Tourograph and Dry Plate Co., 59 Bogert, Colonel, 317 Bologna, Giovanni de, 431 Bolshevism, fear of, in U.S., 34; E. on, 361; effect of, in arousing interest in economic questions, 362 Bonbright, George D. A., 475 Bond, W. C., igi n. Bonsfield, E. T., letter of E. to, 280 Boston Camera Mfg. Co., failure of their folding cameras, 114. And see Turner, A. N. Boston Sunday Post, quoted, 348 Bosworth, Welles, letter of, to E., 349 Brains, importance of, 196, 197 Brandeis, Louis D., letter of E. to, 273 Brewster, Henry, 312 Brisbane, Arthur, 165 British Company, new, to be organized, (74. 175 British Journal of Photography accepts film system, 51, 52; mentioned, 25 British War Mission, 319 Brown, Louisa Ritter, 390 n. Brown Brothers and Co., qualified consent of, to act as bankers of new company, 135 Brownell, F. A., and the striking buffers, 158 ff. ; announces discontinuance of department, 160; his novel proposal to the committee, 160; and the Union INDEX 499 Polishing and Plating Co., 164; letter of E. to, 180; mentioned, 59, 154 'Brownie,' the, produced in igoo, 170; national advertising of, 170 n. Brulatour, Jules, visits Rochester, 226; E.'s later meeting with him described in letter to Gilford, 226; letters of E. to, 301, 321; mentioned, 398, 419/1. Bryan, William J., his ideas of competition, 274 Bryce, James, Lord, 330 Budapest, how E. was obliged to build a film factory at, 241 Buell and Hayden, E.'s second employers, 9, 149 Building trades war, E. attempts to bring about peace in, 369 If. Bull's-eye camera, 116 Bumstead, Henry A., 346 n. Burkhart, Dr. Henry J., chosen Director of the Rochester Dental Dispensary, 389; his report for 1920, 391, 392; success of his tonsil and adenoid clinic, 399; letter of, 399, 400; mentioned, 386, 401, 421, 476, 477, 479, 480, 481, 482, 483, 484 Burnet, Sir John J., retained by E. to design and supervise erection of Kodak home in London, 240; his plans for the London Dispensary, 476 and n. Burrill, J. P., letter of E. to, on attack on Kodak Co. under Sherman Law, 259-62 Burton, Professor, 414 n. Business cycles. See Seasonal element in business Business depression, cause of, 366, 367; E.'s theory thereon, 367 Butler, Nicholas Murray, installed as President of Columbia, 187, 188; mentioned, 33 n. Buttrick, Wallace, Flexner suggests Rochester to, as site of new medical school, 441 Calendar, modern, E. favors movement for a, 469; general history of movement, 470 flf.; E. appoints committee to consider, 473; action of Pan- American Congress (1928), 474; progress of the movement, 474 and n. Calotype process. See Talbotype Camera, mechanism for holding films in, 46, 47; leading manufactures in U.S. in 1885, 71; cheap, production of, E.'s secondary object, 170; perfection of, announced, 185, 186 Camera obscura, the, 15 and n. Camera Works, buffers and polishers in, made to affiliate with union, 158; conditions under which they worked, 15.8 159; Brownell's proposal to committee of, who accept it, 161; how the cooperative shop worked, 161 Camouflage, and Kodak Research Laboratory, 311-12 Campaign for 1902, letter of E. to Davison, 180 Canada, and the Kodak system, 91; first factory started in (1899), 156; taxes in, 291 Canadian government, Kodak plant at Toronto turned over to, for military purposes, 294 Canadian Kodak Co., Ltd., 156 Carnegie, Andrew, 36, 39, 110, 165, 166, 383 n. Carnegie, Thomas, 36 Carnegie Brothers & Co., 36 and n. Carnegie Foundation criticizes status of medical education in U.S., 440 Carter, Helen Strong, letter of E. to. And see Achilles, Gertrude S. Catholics, and Kipling's 'Holy War,' 313 Celluloid Co., sues E. for alleged infringement, 94; terms of compromise and result, 94; mentioned, 124, 126 Celluloid Zapon Co., 94 Cellulose acetate, 204 Central Powers, plans of, to confiscate Kodak business, 286, 287 Centura-Folmer factory, 165 Chain retail stores, first established in London and Lyon, 172; protest of dealers in Lyon and E.'s considered reply, 172, 173; present status of system in American business, 182 Chandler, Charles F., 91 Chemical Industries, society of, in Montreal, 319 n. Chemical research undertaken by Kodak Co., 316 ff. Chicago, great fire in, 11, 12; hotbed of opposition to E., 171; Dental Dispensary in, established by Rosenwald, 480, 481 Chicago Tribune, quoted, 83, 84, 383 n. Chicago, World Exposition of 1891. See World's Columbian Exposition Church, Fred, 63, 73 Church, J. B., attorney, letter of E. to, 61, 62 Church affiliations of employees, E.'s method of dealing with, 238, 239 Ciné film, the first positive motion-picture film for commercial purposes, 123; contracts for, 124, 125, 136; competition in manufacture of, 126, 127; difficulties overcome at Kodak Park, 5°° INDEX the method being a trade secret, 127; the secret patented by Penniman, 127 Cinématographe, patented in France (1895), 122 Cinematographs, Le, periodical, 110 Clark, Bartlett H., 49 n., 81 Clark, George H., 49 n. Clarke, Hans, 283 and n. Clarke, Joseph Thacher, hired by E. as scientific expert for Europe, 57; letter of E. to, on German competition, 225; letters of E. to, 242, 302, 303; mentioned, 118 n., 207, 232, 283, 317, 318 Clemenceau, Georges, 314 Clemens, S. L. (Mark Twain), 384 Cleveland, Grover, Pres. of U.S., his message to the special session of Congress (1893), and its application to the Eastman Co., 91; mentioned, 113 Coate, Albert, 434 Coating plates, E. patents apparatus for, 28 Cody, Frank, 372 Coffin, Mr., 41 Cole, Fred A., 172 n. Colfax, Schuyler, 272, 310 Colgate, Sidney W., letter of E. to, 252 Collier's Weekly, 376 Collodion, introduction of, 20; its fascination for E., 45; beginning of his experiments with, 45, 46 Color photography, experiments with, 209; E. on, 229-32; researches result in Kodachrome, 285; letter of E. thereon, 285, 286 Color research, laboratory at Kodak Park proposed, 225 Columbia School of Mines, 154 Community Conference Board, established by E., 370 Competition, and fixed prices, 253, 254, 256, 257; E. quoted on, 274 Complaints, E.'s rule concerning, 148 Concert Hall and School of Music, E.'s purpose to build, 416 and n.; his letter to Rhees thereon, 417-19 Congress, and the duty on acetic anhydride, 209 Cookson, Bryan, 191 n. Coolidge, Calvin, nominated for Vice- President, 365; mentioned, 36 Cooper, George M., 385 Corbett-Fitzsimmons fight, film for, 124-25; pictures of, reported to be total failures, 125 Corot, Jean B. C., 463 Cotsworth, Moses B., and the proposed modern calendar, 469 ff.; impoverished by his devotion to the cause, 471; assisted by E., 471, 472 Cramer, G., letter of E. to, 116, 117 Cramer Dry Plate Co., not purchased by Kodak, 260 Culter, James G., 454 Culver, Captain, 296 Curtis, Cyrus H. K., 36 Curtis, Nelson, 386 Curtiss, Glenn H., 111 Cutler, J. G., 412, 413, 417, 419 Daguerre, Louis J. M., and the invention of photography, 16, 17; Hone's diary quoted on, 17, 18; mentioned, 231 Daguerreotype, 16, 17, 1988. Dan, Dr. T. (Tokyo) letter of, to E., 426 n. Dana, Charles A., 86 Danforth, H. G., letter of E. to, 244, 245 and n. Daniels, Josephus, Sec'y of the Navy, 296,311 Dark-room, done away with by Mc- Curdy's invention, 185, 186 Davenport, Irwin, 405 Davis, John W., asks Supreme Court for postponement of Eastman dissolution suit, on account of war needs, 303 Davis, J. Lionberger, 400, 427 Davis, Marshal M., 400, 401, 402 Davison, George, managing director of Kodak Co. abroad, letters of E. to, 143, 180, 182, 183, 194, 200 ff; his resignation requested, 237; finances the Anarchist, 237; mentioned, 179 Davison, Henry P., letter of E. to, 313, 314; mentioned, 300 Davy, Sir Humphry, t6 and n. Dental consciousness, development of, 385 Dental Dispensary, established in Rome, 481 ff.; letter of E. to Perna, 482-84 Dentistry, progress in, 384 ff. Department stores, price methods of, 258 Depew, Chauncey M., and E., 87, 88 Derick, C. G., 316, 317 Detroit Free Press, 51 'Development' of photographs, 19; Mc- Curdy's invention, 183 ff. Developments in industry in 1895-96, list of, no Dickman, George, selected as Walker's successor {see Walker), 97; letters of E. to, 97, 98, 101, 113, 115, 120, 121; his death, 143 n.; mentioned, 100, 109, 114, 119, 123, 125, 128 Dickman, Mrs. George, 339, 344 Dickson, E. H. L., 66, 67 Directors, E. on the value of a board of, 98 INDEX 501 Disability benefits for employees, E.'s plan for, announced, 490 Disraeli, Benjamin, Earl of Beaconsfield, 459 465 n. Distribution, difficult problems of, 171 Dodge, Cleveland H., 322 'Dooley, Mr.' See Dunne, F. P. Dossenbach, 417, 418 Draper, John W., controversy with Morse, 18, 19; successful celestial photograph made by, 18 n. Drapers' Record, The (London), quoted on 'Solio' case, 141 Drown, Thomas M., E. applies to, to select an assistant, 90 and nmentioned, 327 Dryden, Mrs. George B., E.'s niece, 353, 354 Dry plate and paper business, competition in, u6ff.; place of, in E.'s strategy, 180 Du Bose, W. R., 310, 311 Du Pont, T. Coleman, 333, 348, 349 Du Pont Co., 317 Ducos du Hauron, 229, 230, 231, 232 Duke, James R., 36 n. Duke, John B., 383 n. Duke, W., Sons and Co., 36 Dunn, Thomas B., 271 n. Dunne, F. Peter, 165 'Dupers,' 220 and n. Dyer, Frank L., president of Motion Picture Patents Co., effect of contracts signed by, 222 Dyer, Martin and Meadowcroft, Edison, his Life and Letters, quoted, 64, 65 Early, R. M., E.'s answers to his questionnaire, 159 n. Eastman, Abram D., 1 Eastman, Allison, 432 Eastman, Almon, letter of E. to, 315, 316 Eastman, Anne (Rundell), E.'s grandmother, 3 Eastman, C. L., letter of E. to, 1 Eastman, Ebenezer, 3 n. Eastman, Ellen M., E.'s sister, 4 EASTMAN, GEORGE Letter of, to C. L. Eastman, 1; his ancestors, 1 ff.; his birth, in Water-ville, N.Y., 4; moves to Rochester, 6; his meager schooling, 7; his first employment, 7; first mention of photography in his accounts, 8; his second employment, 9; letter to his cousin Mary, 10, 11; his first investment, 13; working at the bench, 13, 14; employed in the Rochester Savings Bank, 14; his growing savings, 14; his interest in pictures transferred to the material of picture-making, 15; begins to study the art of photography, 15; his first out-door photographing, 23, 24; becomes wholly absorbed in photography, 24, 25; starts making a sensitive photographic emulsion, 25, 26; tries to borrow money of Horace Eastman, who declines to lend him, 25, 26; starts with his own savings, 27; cooked his own emulsion, coated the plates, took his own pictures, developed his negatives, and made his own prints, 27; studies German and French, 27; takes his apparatus to England and receives his first patent there (1879), 28; applies in U.S. for patent on dry plates, 28; specifications of the application, 28; letter to Maw-son and Swan, England, 29, 30; sells the English rights, 30; improves his machine and experiments with emulsions, 30; his second invention, 30; letter to E. & H. T. Anthony, concerning handling his plates, 31; in business for himself, 31; his fame growing, 32. His first association with Henry A. Strong, 37, 38; one of Edison's first customers, 38; fascinated by the business possibilities of photography, 41; his four fundamental business principles, 42; growth of the Eastman- Strong business, 42; discovers the disastrous effect of time on sensitiveness of photographic emulsion, 42; recalls the stock and promises to replace all defective plates, 43; unable to produce a good emulsion, 43; 469 experiments end in failure, 43; goes abroad with Strong, 43; after their return the plates come right again, 43; in debt for the first time, 44; the valuable lessons he had learned, 44; his belief in mass production, 44; renewed success of the firm, so that the market soon becomes oversupplied, 44; seeks a substitute for glass, 45; his liking for collodion, 45; describes his experiments in making transparent films, 45, 46; creates the first practical film in the history of photography (the 'stripping film'), 47; invention of photographic film in a continuous strip, 47; plans the formation of a new company, 47; letter to George W. Andrus, 48; sends out his first public announcement, 48, 49: the film system not enthusiastically welcomed, 4g, 50; letters evidencing his own confidence, 50, 51; challenges every criticism and 502 INDEX meets every attack, 51; exhibits at the International Exhibition in London, 51; awarded three first medals, 51; other similar honors awarded in later years, 51; English praise of his roll-holders, 52; small profits shown for the year 1885, 52; directs every detail of the business from his office, 52; begins to advertise freely, 53; searches the world for paper, 53; turns out the first commercial film, 54; designs every piece of machinery in the factory, 55; hires Dr. Lattimore for chief chemist, 55, 56; hires Henry M. Reichenbach for a similar post, 56; hires Joseph T. Clarke as scientific expert for Europe, 57; Reichenbach experiments further for a substitute for glass, 57; buys shop rights in Houston's patent, 57; his policy, as to purchasing control of photographic patents, 57; buys Houston's original patent and another, 58; educating photographers to the new system, 58, 59; also directs the company's sales, 58; expansion of business, 59; new product advertised (American Film), 5g; watches the development of Reichenbach's experiments, 60, 61; claims patents on Reichenbach's new transparent flexible film, 61, 62; urges Walker to secure option on English patents, 62; the problem of making transparent nitro-cellulose photographic Tollable film solved for the first time and patents granted to Reichenbach, 62, 63; in England, taking abundance of orders, 63; an order from Edison, 64; turns to the problem of devising apparatus by which from 20 to 40 pictures per second could be taken, 64, 65; makes the first reel of film for Edison's first motion-picture camera, each being ignorant of the other's experiment, 66; a large order from Edison for narrow double-coated film, 67; a problem in electricity, 68; the problem solved, 68, 69; summary of his achievements between 1884 and 1891, 69; the story of the origin of film, 69, 70. Relations with Anthony & Co., 71; suggests to Scovill & Co. making a light portable camera, 72; decides to build up the paper business, 72; invents the process for producing coated paper of any desired length, 72; loses two valuable employees to Anthony & Co., 73; brings suit for infringement of patents against that concern, 73; further litigation with Anthony, 73, 74; trouble with Walker, 74; a serious fire in the Rochester plant, 74; during repairs decides to inaugurate a complete system of photography, 74: remakes his model camera and places it on the market, 75, 76; origin of the name Kodak, 76; bis booklet, The Kodak, 76-79; writes Walker about foreign patents, 79; markets No. 2 Kodak, 79; prophesies great things for the new nitro-cellulose film, 80; advertises very extensively, 80; looks for a suitable location for a new film plant, 80, 81; Kodak Park begun, 81; has difficulty developing films fast enough, 81; his answers to complaints of delays, 81, 82; introduces the A. B. C. series of Kodaks, doing away with the necessity of shipping the camera to Rochester to be serviced, 83; the avalanche of orders, 83; Kodak and Kodak stories, 83, 84; his letter to C. M. Depew, 87; correspondence with Walker, 89; discovers Reichenbach and two other employees conspiring to form a rival company and use the secret formulae, 89, 90; seeks another chemist, 90, 91; hires Dr. Paget to continue the research work of the company, 91; outlines the general foreign policy of the company, g2; letter to Strong on the new film, g2, 93; organizes the Eastman Photographic Materials Co. in England to take over the business of all foreign companies, 93; incorporates the Eastman Co. in Rochester, 93; his dynamic executive direction of affairs, 94; sues the Blair Camera Co. for infringement, 94; compromises Celluloid suit, 94; letter to John Wanamaker, 95; again experimenting, 95; letter to Strong, 95, 96; denies that he is a millionaire, 96; his plans for the Columbian Exposition in Chicago, 96; hires L. B. Jones as manager, 96, 97; Walker resigns again and is succeeded by Dickman, g7; letter to Dickman, 97, 98; new buildings at Kodak Park, g8; many new customers added at World Fair, 98; letter to Strong, on Walker, 99, 100; the panic of 1893, 100 ff.; financial difficulties in England, 100, 101; letter to Strong on conditions in Tacoma, 101, 102; introduction of 'Solio,' 103; letter to Abbot on competition of 'Solio,' 104, 105; criticism of his 'one-man management,' 105-07; his reply thereto, 107; his search for a master emulsion maker results in the hiring of Stuber, INDEX 503 107, 108; in position to resume an international offensive, 109; his new objective, 109. Status of the business in 1896, in, 112; his projects 'paralyzing' to Strong, 112; his care in preparing every detail, 112; launches his programme of expansion in 1894, 112 ff.; the Pocket Kodak, 113, 114; obtains control of Turner patent for folding cameras, 114, 115 n.; Bull's-Eye Camera and Falcon Kodaks introduced, 116; has to meet competition in dry-plate business, 116, 117; the 'Solio war' renewed, 117; goes abroad in i8g6 to organize a European campaign, 119; determines to prepare for great increase in business in 1897, 119, 120; letter to Dickman concerning film business at Harrow, 120; his 'paralyzing' plans justified, 120, 121; makes the first strip of positive motion-picture film ever made for commercial purposes, 123; the first big contract with Edison, 123; letters of Strong to, on motion-picture history, 125; Strong quoted on competition in the film business, 125, 126; his policy concerning the purchase of patents for every bona-fide invention, 127; his plan for consolidating the English and American companies, 128; his reasons for the merger, 128, 129; letter to Walker concerning the merger, 130; the Eastman Kodak, Limited, prospectus of, 131, 133; his belief in the power of facts, 133; understates the prospects by avoiding mention of motion pictures, 133; opposition to the plan causes subscription lists to be withheld, 134; overcomes the con-servativeness of bankers, and opens subscription lists, 135, 136; interview with, in the Westminster Gazette, 136- 38; in view of continued opposition, decides to postpone the operation, 137, 138; letter to Lord Kelvin, 139; decides to go on with the English company, 140; great increase of business during the Spanish-American War, 140; begins suits for infringement against Blair Camera Co. and Reichenbach, 140; wins decision on trademark 'Solio' in the House of Lords, 141; beginning of the trouble over Goodwin patent, 142; final organization of Kodak, Limited, the British company, and issuance of the prospectus, 142; his unusual frankness, 142; quoted on the Goodwin patent, 143; always intent upon continued improvements, 145; letter to Strong on royal patronage, 146; his theory of organization, 147, 148; his rule with regard to complaints, 148; result of his early training, 148; dealt always with individuals, 148; his cash profit as promoter of Kodak, Limited, 148, and how he disposed of it, 149; his dealing with H. H. Hayden, 149, 150, 151; the Lovejoy episode, 151-53; his constant search for promising engineers, 154; problems of personnel did not divert him from the minutiae of manufacturing, 154; his interest in the new process of making film, 154, 156; builds the first camera factory in Canada, 156; his first long vacation in the West, 156; final engagement of Lovejoy, 156, 157; the first threat of serious labor difficulties, 157 ff.; his unique employee experiment, 158 ff; action of the buffers and polishers, 158; announces the discontinuance of the department, 160; proposes to a committee to form a cooperative company and take business on contract, 160, 161 ; finally reengages most of the old men, 164, 165; how his policy differed from that of Carnegie, Morgan, and the rest, 166; his policy of large-scale production, etc., of long standing, 166; his belief in the endurance of the business, 166, 167; with Abbott organizes the General Aristo Co., thus settling the Solio war, 167, 168; the second phase of his industrial strategy, to manufacture a cheap camera, 170; the 'Brownie,' a dollar camera, appeared in 1900, 170; buys the Blair Camera Co. and tfie American Co. and becomes the outstanding manufacturer of cameras in the U.S., although there were thirteen other concerns, 171; declines Anthony's offer to sell, 171; the problem of distribution, 171, 172; opens chain retail stores in London and in Lyon, 172; his reply to a protest from Lyon, 172, 173; letter to Philipp on the British income tax, 173-76; suggests a New Jersey corporation to include the existing companies, 173, 174 and n., 175; his report of an interview with F. A. Anthony reopening the question of the Goodwin patent, 176—78; organizes the Eastman Kodak Co. of New Jersey, to absorb the various existing companies in England, France, Germany, and U.S. with all their branches, 178, 179; letters 5°4 INDEX outlining his future policy, 179-81; the final phase of his business strategy includes the dry-plate business; his letter thereon, 181; acquires control of many dry-plate companies and retail stores, 181 ; inaugurates the chain-store system of retail selling, 181; his letter to the trade in reply to the cry of 'trust,' 182; letter to Davison on the same subject, 182, 183; buys Mc- Curdy's invention, doing away with the dark-room, 183-86; welcomes Lord Kelvin to Rochester, 187, 188; Lord Kelvin quoted on E.'s work, 189, 190; his definition of the ideal large corporation, 193; further attempts to induce him to settle the Goodwin case, 193; the owners' price advanced, 193, 194; his counter proposition, 194, 195; declines to confer further on Goodwin case, igs; keeps in touch with Philipp regarding anti-trust laws, !95 196; considers brains more important than patents, machines, or money, ig6; his paramount interest is in men, 196, 197; dismisses two executives, and why, 197; how his system of organization was built, 197, 198; never believed in coddling men, 199, 200; during the financial panic of 1907 his first concern the payroll of employees, 200; imported gold from England for the payroll, 200, 201; quoted on conditions in Rochester, 201, 202; his action in importing gold a decided advantage to Rochester banks, 202; declares the year 1907 one of extraordinary prosperity so far as total results go, 202; no longer interested in being the largest manufacturer in the industry, 203; concludes agreement with Thomas Baker of Australia, 203; experiments with non-inflammable film, 203; gives the history of the new acetate film in letter to Haste, 204; the kind of leadership he was proud of, 204, 205; endeavors to provide for continuity of leadership in case he should die, 205,206; his care for the health of the employees, 206; his inexhaustible patience, 206; difficulties concerning German patents, 206, 207; the question of a duty on acetate anhydride, 207-09; new developments at Kodak Park, 209; first meeting with Edison, 209, 210; seeds sown for agreement with Edison and Pathé in motion-picture industry, 210 ff.; refuses to be used to freeze out Pathé's competitors, 213; letter to Philipp on contract with Edison, 213, 214; on freezing out the Mutoscope Co., 214-16; further negotiations with Edison, 216, 217; at international congress of manufacturers of film, 219, 220; retains Poin-caré, 219 and Poincaré's advice, 221 ; withdraws from the convention, 221; his purpose stated by Mattison, 221; takes back to N.Y. the promise of 95 per cent of foreign motion-picture industry to recognize Edison patents through Motion Picture Patents Co., 221 ; the contract signed, 221, 222; further trouble as film manufacturer, 222 ff.; letters to Baker thereon, 222-24, 224, 225; threatening competition from Germany, 225; letter to Clarke, 225; the Independents arrive, 225; approached by Lumière and Brulatour, 225; makes new arrangement with Motion Picture Patents Co., to include Independents, 227; growth of the industry to one of the largest in the U.S., 227 Success of company naturally brings opposition, 228; the price paid to achieve progress, where to be studied, 228, 229; experiments in color-photography, described, 229-32; consults E. A. Bancroft concerning old-age pensions and accident insurance, 232, 233; letters to Strong and Haste on matters related to pension scheme, 233, 234; thoughts on wage dividends and stock ownership, 235 and n., 236 and n.; letter to Davison, foreign managing director, on his socialistic proclivities, 237; letter to Moore, on shorter working hours, 237; his 'Suggestion Scheme for Employees' adopted, 237, 238; its results, 238; other progressive steps, 238; on the religious affiliations of employees, 238, 239; arranges for a 'home' for the company in the heart of London, 239; buys capital stock of Wratten and Wain-wright and engages Dr. Mees, 240; Dr. Mees and his contract to build a plate factory in Budapest, 240, 241 ; complications arising out of contract with Wratten and Wainwright, 240, 241; answers Edison's question concerning a household motion-picture machine, 241, 242; buys Gaisman's patent for autographing Kodak pictures, 242, 243; his policy of paying liberally for all patents, long established, 243, 244; letter to H. G. Dan-forth, 244, 245 and n.; letter to Robert F. Wagner concerning a minimum INDEX wage, 246, 247; and Ponting's Antarctic picture, 247, 248; 'the most remarkable negatives in the world,' 248 From 1911, for nearly ten years, the storm center of a series of attacks, 248 ff.; list of competing manufacturers, 249, 250; letters to Gifford on the beginning of the Government's activities, 251, 252; investigation ordered for possible violations of Sherman Act, 251, 252; letters to Colgate and Fahle on the right of Congress to prescribe retail selling prices, 252, 253, 253-58; letter on charges of two competitors, who acted on the Government's investigation, 259-62; his reply to the attack of T. Wallace of Expo Camera Co., 263-66; uncertain of the future in 1912, 266 and n., 267 fr.; declines to support the Bull Moose movement, 266, 267; takes a long sea voyage, 268; letter to Baker thereon, and on news of the company, 268-70; the Goodwin suit again (see Ansco Co., Goodwin patents, J. R. Hazel), 271; Pres. Wilson's The Mew Freedom, quoted, 271 and 72., 272; letter to Hubbell on proposed tariff reduction on film, 272 and 72.; attack of French and German manufacturers in Europe, 272; adverse decision of Judge Hazel in Goodwin suit, 273; sustained by U.S. Circuit of Appeals, 277; letter to L. D. Brandeis, 273; letter to Z. M. Larwill, 274; letter to Antisdale on the attitude of the Wilson administration, 275, 276; interview in the Rochester Post-Express, giving the history of the Goodwin patent, 277-79; prepares to fight McReynold's attempt to destroy the Company, 280, 281; letter to Rockefeller, 280 n. Letters to Baker and others on conditions in London at outbreak of World War, 282, 283; strictly impartial in the early days, 284; terminates agreements with Edison and licensees of Motion Picture Patents Co., 284; letter to Marcosson on improved outlook for big 'business,' 284; his testimony in Goodwin case, 285; his dream of photographs in color, realized in Kodachrome, 285; letter to Baker thereon, 285, 286; complications with the Central Powers, 286; loyalty of women employees in Brussels, 287; his policy with the employees, 287; his interest in the Allied 505 cause mounting, 287; eager to have the U.S. declare war, 287, 288; letter of Mattison to, on conditions in England, 288, 289; determined to withdraw all funds from Germany, 289; letters to managers at London, Berlin, and Melbourne on taxes, subscriptions to war funds, etc., 289-91; investments in Allied loans, 291 ; on income tax in Canada, 291; letter to Australian counsel on Hazel's decision in Government suit for dissolution, 292; on Republican prospects (1916) and policies, 292, 293; his belligerency increased by Pres. Wilson's reelection, 293; favors placing company under jurisdiction of Federal Trade Commission, 294; favors 'preparedness,' 294; did not forget ' the company ' in Germany, 294, 295; contributions of E. and the company before the U.S. entered the War, 295; offers Secretaries of War and Navy to supply cellulose acetate, 296; accepts Baker's request for assistance in development of aërial photography, 296, 297; subscribes 82,500,000 to First Liberty Loan, 297; letter to Dr. Maclaurin on the Government's declination to establish school of aerial photography at Rochester, 298, 299; his war activities outside of business, 300, 301; assists in distributing motion pictures among camps in France, 301 ; letter to Clarke on the development of automatic film camera for aerial reconnaissance, 302, 303; letter to Milburn on the request for postponement of dissolution suits, 303, 304; restates his proposal for establishment of a school of aerial photography, 304, 305; his offer accepted, 306; takes over contract for field glasses with Navy Department, 307; letter to Lindsay on difficulty of negotiations with the Government, 307-10; offers Navy Dep't to assist in camouflage work, 310, 311; Secretary Daniels accepts the offer, 311 ; on the lens produced by the Hawk-Eye Works, 312; letter to H. P. Davison on use of Kipling's 'Holy War' in Red Cross appeal, 313; interested in War Chest Drive, 314; his policy in raising large sums for war, 315; letter on chemical research in the U.S., in view of the German monopoly in chemicals, 316-18; establishes the first synthetic organic chemical laboratory, 318, 319 and rt.; his flight in a Handley-Page bomber, 319; 5°6 INDEX what the Eastman companies were doing in the war in 1916, 320; seeks other useful tasks, 320; letter to Baker on income taxes in Australia, 320, 321; letter to Brulatour on taxes in U.S., 322; letter to Dr. Hornaday on boycotting the Germans, 322; accepts chairmanship of the United War Work Campaign, 322; Rochester on Armistice Day, 323 His constantly increasing interest in education and community life, 324; his first contribution to education, 324; in letters to Mrs. Strong, Strong and Walker he lays the foundation for his life-work in philanthropy, 324, 325; his contribution to Rochester Mechanics Institute, 325; letter to the Trustees of the Institute, 325, 326; his first contact with the Mass. Inst, of Technology, 327; letter from President Maclaurin seeking aid to that institution, 329-32; his first meeting with Maclaurin, 332, 333, 334; agrees to contribute $2,500,000 anonymously, to be announced as from 'Mr. Smith,' 335; the 'guessing contest,' 335, 336; began early to draw trained men from university laboratories, 337; recognized the larger indebtedness of industry to education, 337; adds another $500,000 to his contribution to the Institute, 337, 338; talks with Little on Institute plans for Dept. of Chemistry, 338; and promises $300,000 — all that was needed, 340; further correspondence with Maclaurin, 340-42; his modified agreement, announced to the Alumni, 343; the 'guessing contest' renewed, 344; his further gifts, 345) 347) 348; 'Mr. Smith' identified at last, 347, 348; shocked by news of Maclaurin's death, 349; letter from W. Bosworth to, 349; letters in recognition of his benefactions to the Institute from W. R. Whitney and A. Lawrence Lowell, 350, 351; dodges having his portrait painted, 351, 352 Summary of his interests in 1919, 353; 'the oldest employee of the company,' 353; the 'Kodak King' in the newspapers, 353, 354; declines appointment to New York State Reconstruction Commission, 354; always had in mind his obligations to the employees, 354; letter announcing distribution of common stock in the company, 354-59; his opinion, in view of critical labor conditions in the country, asked by Secretary of Agriculture Wilson, 360; letter to B. C. Forbes on the same subject, 360 and n.; letter to employees on the fear of Bolshevism, 361, 362; his interest how otherwise manifested, 362,363; secures directors' approval of the reorganization of his own company, 363; letter to Walker on a mathematical problem, 363; believes the fault to lie in lack of synchronization of production and distribution, 367; becomes a champion of the protective tariff, 367; New York American quoted on, 367; sedulously avoided power, 368; his aim the protection of labor, 368; organizes Eastman Savings and Loan Association, 368; quoted, on thrift, 368, 369; his plea for industrial peace, 369, 370; sends check to government for profits on war contracts, 371; letter of Pres. Harding to, thereon, 371, 372; announces that the company will undertake to determine the value of the motion-picture as a practical means of education, 373; result of the experiment, 375, 376; quoted on the future of textbooks, 376; establishes a paper mill at Kodak Park, 376; his belief about the part played by every man in the organization, 377 and n.; that each was entitled to something more than fair wages and decent working conditions, 377, 378; how he built his organization, 379; concentrates on the selection of his successors, 380, 381 'A man of wealth must choose,' 382, 383; always a generous giver, 383; his choice outside the educational field, 383; history of the Dental Dispensary, 384 ff.; engages Dr. Burkhart as director, 389; evolution of the dispensary into a project for a great medical center in Rochester, 392; letter to Trustees thereon, 392-94; the tonsil-adenoid clinic, 394, 395, 396, 398; provides for charges for treatment of children of Kodak Co. employees at Dispensary, 394, 395; visits Johns Hopkins, letter to Dr. Smith, 398; provides moving pictures for the children in Dispensary, 398, 399; his appreciation of Dr. Burkhart, 399; letter to Burkhart, 400; letter to Rosenwald on Dr. Davis's report, 400-02; and the Rochester Bureau of Municipal Research, 402 ff.; uses facts about the Bureau in Washington, 406, 407; his thoughts bent upon a civic center, 40g; purchases land in pursuance thereof, 409; letter to INDEX 507 Mayor Van Zandt, 410, 411; letter to Lindsay on the Community Chest, 411-13; insists upon the obligation of . every citizen to do his share, 413; became the dominant factor in the creation of the greater University of Rochester, 414 His anticipation of shorter working hours, 415; what use is to be made of the leisure thus obtained, 415, 416; his scheme for teaching appreciation of music, 416; enables the city to acquire the Institute of Musical Art, 416; proposes to build a 'Concert Hall and School of Music surpassed by no other in the world,' 416 and n.; letter to Rhees reporting progress, 417-19; proposes to call in the aid of motion pictures, 419-21; difficulties concerning the plans for the new halls, 421-26; why should those interested in the life of a great city support an orchestra? 427; the Eastman Theater opened, 427-32; his reply to an attack in the Rochester Herald on the School of Music, 432, 433; letter to Rothafel ('Roxy') on the possibility of running the theater as an educational institution, 435, 436; comes to an agreement with Zukor concerning the Eastman Theater, 436; his plans for Rochester's full-time orchestra, 438, 439; intent upon establishing a Medical Department, as 'an important link in the chain that begins with the opening of the Johns Hopkins Med. Sch. in 1893,' 439; letter to Mrs. Strong and Mrs. Achilles concerning the selection of Rochester by the General Education Board as the location of one of the new medical schools of the first class, 442— 45; proposes to put up 12,500,000, 444; his formal commitment to the undertaking, 446; letter to J. D. Rockefeller on his cooperation, 448; ! letter to Mrs. Carter and Mrs. Achilles ! on changing the location of the University, 449, 450; announces a further gift of $6,000,000 to the University, ! 454; letter to Dr. Rhees on the success ! of the campaign to raise the necessary ' money for removing the University, 454; his future largely depleted by the gifts he had made, 454; divides large sums between the University of Rochester, M.I.T., Hampton and Tuskeegee Normal Institutes, 454-57, 466 and n., 467 . . . Changes in his personality in 56 years, 458; his physique, 458, 459; his ! emotional nature always under control of his will, 460 ; his general manner of life, 460; his correspondence, 460, 461; his choice of works of art, 461, 462 ; his Sunday evening musicales and suppers, 463, 464; 'We never reach the end of anything,' 465; his success as a raiser of money, 467-69; his answers to appeals from children, 469; becomes interested in the movement for a modern calendar, 469 ff.; how he regarded this movement, 474; has always avoided the spotlight, 474,475; prefers obscurity of camp life and traveling, 475; goes to Africa with Pomeroy (Chronicles of an African Trip), 475; founds a Dental Dispensary in London, in connection with Royal Free Hospital, 476-80; announces building of dental dispensaries in Chicago and New York City, 480, 481; the new dental dispensary in Rome a government institution, 481, 482; E.'s contribution thereto, 482, 483, 484; founds a chair of American Studies at Oxford, 484-87; international developments in business — makes peace with Pathé, 487; natural colored pictures, 488; approves establishment of retirement annuity, life insurance, and disability benefit plan for all employees, 490; his letter of explanation to the employees, 490-93; the New York Times on his 75th birthday, 493, 494; congratulations from Edison, 494, 495 Eastman, George W., E.'s father, 3; founds Eastman's Commercial College in Rochester, 4; marries Maria Kil-bourn, 4; moves to Rochester, 4, 5; his death, 7; mentioned, 5 Eastman, Harvey, E.'s grandfather, 1; marries Anne Rundell, 3 Eastman, Hezekiah, 1, 3 Eastman, Horace H., E.'s uncle, 8; declines to assist E. with funds to go into photograph business, 26, 27 Eastman, Joseph, 1 Eastman, Kate M., E.'s sister, 4 Eastman, Maria (Kilbourn), E.'s mother, her circumstances after her husband's death, 7; mentioned, 5, 10, 13, 14, 15, 37 55 135, 148 156, 462, 463 Eastman, Mary, E.'s cousin, letters of E. to, 10-13 Eastman, Roger, E.'s ancestor, 1 Eastman's Commercial College, 4 and n., 5 and n. Eastman companies in U.S. and Eng- 5°8 INDEX land, E.'s plea for consolidation of. See Merger Eastman Dry Plate Co., increase in business of, 42; sudden falling off, due to inferior quality of plates, 42 ; closed during experimental period, 43; resumed business successfully, 44; the market oversupplied, 44; its property taken over by the new company, 49 Eastman Dry Plate and Film Co., incorporated, 48, 49; stockholders of, 49.; treasurer, first report of, 52; advertising of, 53; heavy consumer of silver, 53, 54; business 'booms,' 59; patents for new films assigned to, 62; and Cleveland's message, 91 ; awarded diploma in Switzerland, 92; recognized in other European countries, 92; too rapid increase of business in 1886- 8g, 92; increase in capital, 92; business, good-will, etc., of all countries except in Western Hemisphere, sold to new London Co., 93 Eastman Kodak Company of New Jersey, incorporated, 178; officers and directors of, 179 n. ; list of corporations acquired by, 178, 179; stock of, oversubscribed, 179; the panic year of 1907 one of great prosperity, 202; the largest consumer of silver in U.S. except the Mint, 203; first to produce non-inflammable film, 203, 205; and non-curling film, 205; and the Edison agreement, 212, 213; policy of, in relation to purchase of other companies, 261; methods of, do not interfere with competitors, 262; peace policy of, 262; attitude of Taft administration toward, 267; submits to decree ordering change in terms of sale, 270, 276; represented in every country, 284; heavy falling off in business in early days of war, 284; terminates agreement with Edison and licensees of Motion Picture Patent Co., by advice of counsel, 284, 285; attempts to destroy business of, in Central Powers, 286, 287; contribution of, to foreign relief funds, 287; investment in Russian war bonds, 287; Gov't suit against, decided adversely, 291, 292; and appealed to U.S. Supreme Court, 292; how far it and E. had helped the Allies before the U.S. entered the war, 295; Gov't seeks postponement of suit for dissolution, 303; E.'s letter to Milburn thereon, 303, 304; contracts with Navy Dep't to supply field glasses, 307; establishes first adequate synthetic organic chemical laboratory in U.S., 316-18, 31g and n.; war-work being done by, in 1918, 320; asked to establish photographic school near Washington, 320; income taxes of, 320, 321; citation of, for services, 323 n.\ organization of, strengthened, 363; settlement of Gov't suit, 365; and the seasonal element in business, 370, 371; perfected organization of, 377 and .; E. quoted on, 378; rates in Dental Dispensary for children of, employees, 375; policy of, as to advancing competent employees to executive posts, 378; its pumping station in Rochester 408; E. explains his distribution of his stock in, in 1924, 454- 57; acquires Pa thé industry, also a large German concern, 487; private exhibition of natural colored pictures, 488. And see War contracts Eastman Kodak Co., incorporated in Rochester (the original company), 93, 96; capital increased by stock dividend and name changed, 96; Peck's letter concerning condition of, 106, 107; Stuber begins his career with, 108; in the panic of 1893, 108, 109; E.'s international views concerning, 109; produces first positive motion- picture film, 110; arranges to furnish plates and paper for X-ray photographs, 119; plans for increase of business in 1897, 119, 120; acquired by New Jersey Co., 17g Eastman Kodak Co., of New York, to be wound up, 175 Eastman Kodak Société Anonyme Française, acquired by New Jersey Co., 179 Eastman Kodak Co., Limited (British), prospectus of, 130-33, 142; obstacles and opposition to launching of, 134 and ., 135; subscription lists withheld, 134; revised prospectus of, 135; issue of shares again postponed, and why, 138-40; effect of frankness of E.'s statement of his position, 142 and .; the stock oversubscribed, 143 and .; shares of, listed in London Exchange, 142 ; stock how distributed, 144; status of shareholders in old English Co. (Kodak, Limited), 144 and .; and the striking buffers and polishers (see Brownell), 158 ff.; how the new plan worked, 161-65; business of, to be sold to New Jersey Co., 174 Eastman Photographic Materials Co., incorporated in London, assets of, 93; obligations of, 97; obliged to pass all INDEX 509 dividends, 98; Walker's connection with, 99; capital stock of, increased, too n.; immediate payment of a bank loan requested, 100; E.'s reply to Dickman, too; able to resume dividends, 109 Eastman Savings and Loan Association, 368 Eastman School of Music, 351 Eastman system of photography the world standard at beginning of 20th century, 183; dark-room for development still necessary in, 183 Eastman Theater, opening of, 427 and n., 428; described in American Architect, 428-31; library facilities of, 429 n.; women's dormitory in, 429 n.; control of, passed to Zukor, 436; the change beneficial to both, 437 and n.; mentioned, 351 Eastwood, Albert B., letter of E. to, 323; mentioned, 412 Eclipse Radio, 218 Edison, Thomas A., the talking machine and the incandescent light, 37, 38; E. one of his first customers, 38 and n., 39; had little interest in commercial possibilities of his inventions, 41; letter of, 64; quoted, 66; made first motion-picture camera, 66; his increasing use of film, 67; anecdote of, 86,87; and the Vitascope, 110; and the Pantopticon, 122; first big contract with, 123; first and second meetings with E., 20g, 210; his motion-picture patents held to be infringed by Selig, 211; his confidence in E., 217; his household motion-picture machine, questions submitted to E. and his replies, 241, 242; opens a new market for non-inflammable film, 242; and E.'s film, 279.; quoted on theMass. Inst. Tech., 330, 331; foremost in recognizing relationship between industry and university, 337; on natural colored photographs, 488; mentioned, 30, 40, 41, 125. I33 i89 216 Edison, Armat, and the Vitascope, 122, 123 Edison Manufacturing Company, decision as to Austrian patents of, 79; contract of, for Ciné film, 125, 126; agreement of, with Pathé Frères, and E.'s interest therein, 212, 213; E.'s criticism of contract proffered by, 213, 214; said to have made a special agreement with other houses, 218 Edison patents, at Paris convention, 219, 220; E. obtains from 95 per cent of foreign motion-picture industry promise to recognize, 221 Education, broadening of, E.'s interest in, 324; his first contribution to, 324; and the motion picture, 372 ff. Education and industry. See Universities Education, visual. See Educational value of class-room films Educational value of class-room films, E. quoted on, 376 Edward Albert, Prince of Wales, his speech at laying of foundation stone of London Dispensary, 477-79 Electricity in film, how to get rid of, 68; the 'open-and-shut' cure, 68, 6g Employees, E.'s method of handling, 199; E.'s care for, 246; E.'s plan for distribution of common stock among, 354-60; letter of E. to, on Bolshevism, 361, 362; of the factories parted with by the Eastman Co. (365), E.'s interest in, 366; establishment of retirement annuities, etc., for all, 499; E.'s letter to all employees, 490-93. And see Wage dividend Employers, different types of, 147 Emulsion, E.'s composition of, from gelatine and silver bromide, 25 and n., 26; photographic, adaptable to all conditions, incomparable to all other scientific manufactures, 40; sensitiveness of, dulled by time, 42; great difficulty of producing satisfactory ones, 43; defect traced to gelatine, 43 Emulsion maker, E.'s search for a master, turns up Stuber, 107, 108 England, E.'s visit to, 28, 43; popularity of Kodaks in, 84-86; newspapers in, hostile to Eastman products, 136; income- tax question in, 173-76. And see Great Britain Ensign, film-maker, 224 Epstein, Ralph, The Automobile Industry, HI n. Erie Canal, effect of building of, 4 Essanay, M., 214 European orders, increase in, 120 Expansion, E.'s programme of, launched in 1894, 112 'Experimental ocean' constructed at Kodak Park, 312 Expo Camera Co., 263 Facts, E.'s belief in power of, 133 Fahle, Paul, letter of E. to, 252, 253 Falcon Kodaks, 116 Faulkner, Barry, 430, 431 Favoritism, destructiveness of, 199 Federal Trade Commission, E. favors INDEX placing future conduct of the company's business under, 294 Fenn, Albert G-, 134 Film, E. makes first practical one in history of photography, 45,46; application for patent for, 46; technical and chemical problems involved, 46, 47; invention of a continuous strip of, 47; first commercial, produced in 1885, 54; first transparent flexible one, produced by Reichenbach, 61,62; patented, 61, 62; new factory equipped for, and sample rushed to England, 62; what the patents provided, 62, 63; the electricity in, 67,68; invention and development of, 69; and the Kodak, 6g; world-importance of, 69, 70; difficulties caused by dust, etc., 80; large-scale production of, 94; new lines of, 113; drum system of making, 154 fr.; international congress of makers of, at Paris, 217; acetate, less popular with the trade than nitrate film, 224, 225; trade in, 267, 268; proposed tariff reduction on, 272; put in free list, 272 n.; non-curling, for 'still' pictures, Eastman Co. first to produce, 205. And see Nitro-cellulose film, Stripping film Film, Kodak, experience of Antarctic Expedition with, 247, 248 Film, non-inflammable, experiments on, 203,204; Eastman Co. first to produce, 204, 205; complexity of patents covering, 206, 207; necessity of German-controlled acetic anhydride, 207; a new market for, 242; not a success previously, 242 Film, regenerated, sold by Pathé, danger of, 223, 224 Film photography, expansion of, more rapid than that of telephone or electric light, 111 ; success of, stimulated inventive genius of the world, 47; E.'s plans for a new company, 48, 49 Film system not cordially received, 49, 50; how forced by E. on the business world, 50; awarded many medals, 50 First aid, 238 First Liberty Loan, oversubscribed in Rochester, 300 Fixing, 22 Fletcher, Sir Walter, 476 Flexner, Abraham, letter of E. to, 399 Flexner, Simon, quoted on medical schools in New York City, 441; proposes to start one elsewhere in the State and suggests Rochester, 441, 442; with Rhees announces plan for medical school in Rochester, 447, 448; suggests endowment of chair of American Studies at Oxford, 484- 87; mentioned, 346 n., 443, 444, 446, 453) 476 Foch, Ferdinand, 314 Folmer, William, 296, 312 Food conservation in the war, E.'s interest in, 301 Forbes, B. C., letter of E. to, 360 Ford, Henry, 111 n. Ford Motor Co., 1903, m n. Fordney-McCumber tariff act, terms of, as to raw film, 367 Forsyth, Thomas B., 385 Forsyth, William B., letter of E. to, 389 Forsyth Dental Infirmary for Children, in Boston, the pioneer in the work of preventive dentistry, 385; brought to E.'s notice, 386 Fouch, John H., retail business of, acquired by E., 181 Foulkes, Mr., 412 France, 92 Freeman, Frank N., 374 Freeman, John R., 371 French, Benjamin and Co., acquired by E . , J 8 J Frick, Henry Clay, 39, 110 Fry, Samuel, 30 Furlong, Mr., 419 Gainsborough, Thomas, 462 Gaisman, H. J., invents device for autographing Kodak pictures, 242, 243; sells rights to E. for cash, 243 Gannett, Frank E., 405 Garvin, Francis P., 319 n. Gary, E. H., 314 Gatchell, W. D., 144 n. Gaumont, père, 294 Gaumont, Raymond, 295 Gaumont Company, 218 Gay, Edwin F., 364 n. Gelatine dry-plate, applications for patent for and negotiations concerning, 28 ff.; sale of English rights, 30; German rights in, 32; called 'the best dry plate work on the market,' 32 General Aristo Co., organized, 167, 168; to be wound up, 175; acquired by New Jersey Co., 178; mentioned, 173, 174 General Education Board, appropriates funds to enable Johns Hopkins to establish a group of full-time teachers, 440; Rockefeller gift to, 440 ff.; adopts the Rochester plan, 447 Genesee, Society of the, 474, 475 George, Prince (later George V), 145 Gerard, James W., 289 INDEX 511 German competition, possibility of, 179, 180, 225 German spy, discovered at Kodak Park, 179 Germans, E.'s attitude toward (1918), 322 Germany and the Kodak Co., 286, 287; E. favors monthly payments to Red Cross in, 287; E. determines to withdraw all funds from, 289; action of government of, 289, 290; Kodak company in, not forgotten by E., 294, 295; difficulties caused in 1918 by her control of certain chemicals, 316; mentioned, 92 Gibson, Charles R., quoted, 16 n., 19, 20 and n. Giffard, Hardinge, Lord Halsbury (Lord Chancellor), 141 Gifford, W. S., letters of E. to, 226, 227, 251, 252, 293; mentioned, 203, 223, .235 272, 300 Gilbert and Sullivan, and the Kodak, 84, 85 Gilmore, Mr. Edison's general manager, 210 Glass, in manufacture of plates, E. seeks substitute for, 45 ff. Golf, D. L., sells control of Blair Camera Co. to E., 168 Goler, George W., 397 Goodwin, Rev. Hannibal, obtains patent for 'improvement in photographic pellicles,' 141 and n., 143; Philipp's opinion of the patent, 143; letter of E. to Davison thereon, 143; mentioned, 270, 277, 278, 279 Goodwin case, Anthony and Scovill try to settle, 193. And see Goodwin patent Goodwin Co., 176, 177 Goodwin patent, unworkable, 195; suit for infringement of, 270, and its result, 273; suit appealed to the U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals, and judgment of lower court sustained, 277; settlement, 277; history of, reviewed by E., 277- 79; mentioned, 176, 177, 178, 248, 417 Goossens, Eugene, leader of Rochester Civic Orchestra, 437 n. Gordon, H. W., 49 n. Gordon and Kneller, 421, 429 Gourand, Francis, introduces Daguerre's process in U.S., 17, 18 Grant, U.S., Pres. of U.S., his final message to Congress, 34, 35 Great Britain, Gov't of, and prohibition of importation of Ciné film, 293 Greece, New York, selected for location of new plant, 81 Gregory, Thomas W., Attorney-General of U.S., 293 and n. 'Guessing contest' as to identity of 'Mr. Smith,' 335, 344; those who knew, 344 Guggenheim, Leonie, 385 Guggenheim, Murry, establishes free dental clinics in N.Y. City, 481; mentioned, 385 Guild, Curtis, Jr., 48 Hadley, Arthur T., 165 Hale, George E., 345, 347 n. Hals, Franz, 462 Halsbury, Lord. See Giffard, Hardinge Hammer Dry Plate Co., not purchased by E., H I Hampton Institute, amount of E.'s gift to, 466; mentioned, 454 Handley-Page bomber, E. takes a flight in, 319 Hanna, Marcus A., m Hanson, Dr., persuades faculty of Music School to adopt selective test, 403; his value to the school, 433, 434; how he came to be selected, 444; mentioned, 432, 433 „ on Harbord, James G., 488 Harding, Warren G., Pres. of the U.S., 305; letter of, to E., 371, 372 Harmsworth, Alfred, Lord Northcliffe, visits Kodak works at Rochester, 302, 303; mentioned, 298 Harper's Magazine, 197 and n. Harper's Weekly, 273 Harrow, England, factory built at, 94; factory at, operated at a loss, 97 Haste, J. H., manager of Kodak Park, letter of E. to, concerning extra payments to employees, 234, 235; mentioned, 243, 327 Hatton, A. P., 406 Havens, James S., 292, 363, 365 Hawk-Eye Works, lens for aërial photography produced by, 312; mentioned, 309 Hayden, Harris H., letter ofE. to, 143 n.\ early association with E., 149-51; borrows of E. to buy stock, 150; declines E.'s offer of management of Kodak Park, 150; E.'s letter to, 150; accepts managership of Nepera Chemical Co., 150; dismissed by, E. 150, 151 Hayes, Rutherford B., Pres. of U.S., 56 Hays, Will H., 373, 427 n. Hazel, John R., U.S. Judge, Goodwin suit brought before, 270; his decision, 273; decides against E. in Gov't suit for dissolution, 291, 292 and n.; mentioned, 285 5!2 INDEX Hazeltine, Lake and Co., 28, 29 Hearst, W. R., his papers attack E. when he comes out for protection, 367 Hebert, J. D., letter of E. to, 58 Henry A. Strong Memorial Hospital, name chosen by Col. Strong's daughters for the General Education Board Medical School, 44.9; site selected, 450; success of public campaign for funds, 453 Hercules Powder Co., 317 Herschel, Sir John, and the problem of 'fixing' photographs, 16; mentioned, 20 n. Herschell, Farrar, Lord, 141 Hickey, Bishop, 312, 313, 412 Hill, David B., his 'Kodak Convention,' 87 Hill, David J., 416 n. Hill, W. T., 364 n. Homer, Winslow, 463 Hone, Philip, his diary quoted, his remarkable prophecy, 17, 18 Hoover, Herbert, asks E. to forego all profit on motion-picture film required by the Gov't, 301; quoted, on the Community Chest, 413, 414; mentioned, 36, 370 and n. Hopkins, Johns, provision of his will, 439 Horgan, Robey, and Co., Boston, acquired by E., 181 Horner, Lieut.-Col., letter from, praising work of Kodak Co., 309 House of Lords, favorable judgment by, on registration of 'Solio' as trademark, 141 Household picture machine, Edison's, 241, 242 Houston, David H., E. buys patents from, 57, 58 Houston patent for folding camera, 114 Hubbard, Gardiner G., 41 Hubbell, W. S., retained for fight with Reichenbach, 94; and the proposed duty on acetic anhydride, 207, 209; mentioned, 130, 138, 156, 174, 251, 272, 418 Hubbell, Mrs., 156 Human factor, recognition of, as basis of E.'s policy, 279 Hurlbut Paper Co., 54 Huskamp, Henry C., 181 Hutchinson, Mrs. Charles F. (Whitney), 476 . Hutchinson, Woods, quoted, 385 Hutchison, Mr., 285 Hypo, solves problem of 'fixing' photographs, 16 Hypophosphate of soda. See Hypo Iconoscope Co., 204 Imperialism. See San Francisco Call Incandescent lamps, mass-production of, and the automatic glass-blowing machine, m Income-tax question in England, E.'s proposed solution of, 173 fr.; E.'s views on, 291 Incomes over S 10,000, distribution of, pro rata, among all under 310,000, and the result, 363 Independent motion picture concerns, appearance of, 225; E. approached by, 226, 227; included in new arrangement with Motion Picture Patents Co., 227 Individuals, E. contracts always with, rather than with groups, 148 Industrial problems, 147 Industry. See Education Inness, George, 464 Institutions of learning drawn upon by E. for his workmen, 337 International business founded on Kodak system, E.'s objection, tog International Fixed Calendar League, 470, 471 Invention, second, E. quoted on, 30, 31 Irvine, Sir James, 488 Italian Ciné manager, 220, 221 Italy, 92 Jamestown, address of Lord Kelvin at, 190-92 Japan, E.'s first visit to, 426 and n. Jardine, W. W., Sec'y of Agriculture, T 472, 473 Jennewein, E. P., 430 Johns Hopkins Community Hospital, laboratory of the chemical staff, 439; mentioned, 398 Johnson, George H., 30 Johnson, Martin, 476 Joly, John, 230 Jones, Lewis B., E. engages him as advertising manager, g6, 97 Jones, Loyd A., invents visibility meter, 310 and n.; appointed naval constructor, 311 Journal of the Franklin Institute, new process of amateur cinematography described by Dr. Mees, 373 n. Journal Illustré (Paris), 91 Judd, Charles H., 372 Kahn, Otto H., 364 n. Kalem, 214 'Kamarets,' alleged infringement of Kodak patents by. See Blair Co., 96 Katz, Edward M., retail business of, acquired by E., 181 'Keep the Money Circulating' (leaflet), 201 Keir, Malcolm, Manufacturing, 111 n. Kellogg, Frank B., Sec'y of State, and the modern calendar, 472, 473; his letter to E., 473; mentioned, 477 Kelsey, Clarence H., letter of, to E., 467, and E.'s reply, 467, 468 Kelvin, Lord. See Thomson, William Kendall, W. M., 423 Kennedy, Mr., 273 Kent, J. H., 49 and n. Kilborne, Frances, wife of Thomas, 2 Kilborne, John, 2 and n. Kilborne, Thomas, E.'s maternal ancestor, i, 2 Kilbourn, Maria, marries G. W. Eastman, E.'s mother, 4. And see Eastman, Maria (Kilbourn) Kilbourn String Quartet, 463 Kimball, W. S., 325 Kinetograph, 66 Kinetoscope, importance of, in history of motion pictures, 66; Edison's the first motion-picture camera, 66 King, W. L., 364 Kingsport, Tenn., wood distillation plant at, 376, 377 Kipling, Rudyard, quoted, 84; 'The Holy War,' exception taken to by Catholics, 313 Kirkland's Lithium Paper Co. (Denver, Col.), 168 Kirstein, Louis, 260 Kitchener, H. H., Earl, 289 Klein, Julius, Fountains of Trade, 227 n. Kleine, George, 213, 214 Klingenberg, Mr., 418 Klingenberg, Mrs. 418 Kodachrome, color process for portraiture, evolved, 285 'Kodacolor' process, described by Dr. Mees, 488, 489 Kodak, used by Edison in making his first motion-picture camera, 64, 66; the first great consumer of films, 67; invention of the name, 76; trademark registered, Sept. 1888, 76; registration in England, 76.; American patent for, 79; No. 2, put on the market, 79; A. B. C. series of, introduced, 83; improvements in, 83; grist for the jester's mill, 86; E. on prospects of, in continental Europe, 89; new, in 1894, 113; advertising of in Europe, 128; the folding pocket size ( 1895), the ancestor of all modern roll-film cameras, 133. And see Pocket Kodak 513 Kodak, The, descriptive booklet, 76, 79 Kodak Co., Lt'd., letter of E. to London manager and English directors of, on drum system of making film, 154-56; status of executives and employees in, 159 n. ; acquired by New Jersey Co., 178 Kodak, Lt'd, withdraws from Paris convention, and why, 221; holds record for accident prevention in 1913, 238; progress of, 247 ff.; has to amend its terms of sale, 252; attacks upon, due to government investigation, 259 ff. And see Eastman Kodak Co. of New Jersey Kodak Developing Machine, 185, 186 Kodak Employees' Association, and the retirement, insurance, indemnity plan, 490, 492; mentioned, 368 Kodak Gesellschaft, m.b.h., of Berlin, acquired by New Jersey Co., 179 Kodak idea, the, simplicity of, 155 Kodak Park (Greece, N.Y.), site of new Kodak plant, 81; contracts for buildings at, 93; new buildings at, 98, 109; film capacity of, expanded, 120; new method of making film at, 155 ff.; 'Suggestion Bulletin,' 228, 237, 238; arrangement for training gov't employees at, 308, 309; large paper mill built at, 376 Kodak pictures, Gaisman's device for autographing, 242, 243 Kodak Trade Circular, E.'s answer to San Francisco Call in, 170 Ko d a ks, mass production of, in. And see Bull's Eye, Cameras, Falcon, Kodaks Kohler, Elmer, 347 n. Kohlsaat, Judge Christian, 211 Kortwright and Kleine, retail business of, acquired by E., 181 Kreisler, Fritz, 71 Labor, protection of, E.'s aim, 368 Labor conditions in May, 1919, 360 Labor difficulties, first threat of, 157; E.'s method of dealing with, 157; the beginning of a unique employee experiment in Rochester, 157, 158 Labor policy, E.'s, 157 n. Lafitte, M., 430 Lake, Mr., 288 Lancey, Darragh de, manager at Kodak Park, 93, 94, 152, 153 Large-scale production of film and paper made possible by readjustments of 1889, 94; E.'s policy of, 166 Latham-Woodville, first projects motion pictures on the screen in public, 121; mentioned, 110 INDEX Lattimore, Samuel A., his standing as a chemist, 55, 56; mentioned, 416 n. Lawrence, William, letter of, to E., 350 n. Le Grey, Mr., 20 Leadership, E.'s ambition, 203 1 League of Nation appoints committee to inquire into the modern calendar, 472 Leland, The Automobile Industry, 241 Levy, Sir Arthur, 476, 479 Life insurance for employees, E.'s plan for, announced, 490 Lilienfield, Leon, 283 Lindsay, Alexander M., letters of E. to, 236, 237, 308-10 Little, A. D., discusses M.I.T. plans with E., 339 ff. Liverpool, state of affairs in, 1915, 288, 289 Lloyd George, David, 314 Lockwood, Hattie M., Strong's second wife, 451 n. Lomb, Henry, 325, 326 London, first chain stores opened in, 172; E.'s plea for a home for the company in the heart of, 239 ff. London Dental Dispensary, E.'s offer to build, 476; ceremonies at laying of the foundation stone, 479, 480 London Times, 14, 288 Lovejoy, Frank W., objections to, as manager at Rochester, 151 ; appointed assistant manager, 153; letter of E. to, 156; promoted to manager of Kodak Park, 157; elected vice-president and general manager, 380; mentioned, 157, 228, 241 n., 322, 327, 328, 332, 344, 363, 475 Low, Seth, 466 n. Lowell, A. Lawrence, letter of, to E., on his services to M. I. T., 350, 351 Lubin, Mr., 314 Lumières, obtained French patent for cinématographe, 110, 122; mentioned, 124, 125, 126, 172 n., 218, 224, 225, 230, 231 Lyon, protest against chain stores in, 172 McAdoo, W. G., at Kodak Park, 312 McAuley, J. J., 364 McBain, H. L., 406 McCurdy, A. W., his invention for developing negatives tried and proved a failure, 184; his second attempt successful, 184; E. purchases his invention on royalty basis, 185; mentioned, 186 McDonough, James W., 230 McKersher, Clarke, 251, 252 McKim, Meade and White, and the architecture of the Music Hall, 421 ff.; selected as consulting architects, 425, 426; mentioned, 351, 41 gn., 427, 428 McKinley, William, elected Pres. of the U.S., 110, 111; mentioned, 147 McReynoIds, J. C., Attorney-General, determined to destroy the Eastman company, 280, 281; mentioned, 248, 275, 293 n. Machinists. See Labor difficulties Machinists' Union, 157 Maclaurin, Richard C., pres. of M.I.T., letter of E. to, 298, 2gg; quoted on W. B. Rogers, 328; letter of, to E., 329-32; his visit to Kodak Park, 329; his description of M.I.T. in letter to E- 33° 331' has interview with Du Pont and with E., 333, 334; his impression of E., 334; letters between them, 334, 335, 336; again in Rochester, 337; further letters, 337, 338, 339, 340; did not understand E.'s motives, 340 ff.; E.'s letter to, after a third long conference and appeal, 341, 342; his letter from E., offering the Institute Liberty Bonds, 345; visits Rochester secretly to confer on National Research Fellowship, 345, 346; E. promises further funds to M.I.T. for endowment purposes, 347; his untimely death, 349; letter of E. to Du Pont concerning him, 349; mentioned, 344 Macnaughten, Lord, 151 Maeterlinck, Morris, 'The Spiritual Future of America and the Movies,' 434, 435 Malone, Dudley F., 2g2 n. Man power more plentiful than money, 147 Manley, John M., letter of E. to, 76 n. Marconi, Gugliemo, 187 Martino, Giacomo de, Italian ambassador, 481 Marvin, Charles F., 473 Marvin, H. N., 214, 215, 216 Mass production, E.'s belief in, 44; limitations of, fifty years ago, 39,40 n.; of Kodaks, film, and photographic paper, 111, 112 Massachusetts Institute of Technology, purchase of land in Cambridge by, 331; E.'s first interest in, 326, 327; E. engages graduates of, 327; history of, 327, 328; incorporated, 327, 328; E.'s first gift to, 334, 335; his further subscription to the building fund of, 337 338; his further gift promised on condition of contribution of equal amount from others, 341, 342; plans of the visiting committee for Department INDEX of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, report of, 349,440; E. promises all the money the committee needs, 340; ready to modify the conditions of the gift, 340; Maciaurin describes reception by alumni of E.'s gift, 343, 344; E. gives $400,000 in 3d Liberty Loan Bonds, 345; total gifts of E. to this and other institutions, 348 n., the embodiment of E.'s educational ideas, 34g, 350; mentioned, 154, 454. And see Maciaurin Masse, Mr., 400 Mather, Sir W., quoted on M.I.T., 330 Mattison, F. C., assistant manager in London, 180; letter of E. to, 198 letter of, to E. on trade difficulties in England early in the war, 288, 289; mentioned, 221, 272 Mauve, Anton, 463 Mawson and Swan, letter of E. to, Qg, 30 Maxwell-Briscoe Co., m n. May, Princess (now Queen Mary), 146 Mechanics Institute, Rochester, E.'s generosity to, 149 Medical Dep't of Rochester University, 238, 239 Mees, C. E. K., engaged to direct research work at Kodak Park, 240 and n.; and the Wratten and Wainwright Co., 241 and n.; working on color process applied to motion pictures, 286; description of'Kodacolor' process by, 488, 489; mentioned, 276, 316, 373 • Melhuish and Spence, 50 Melies, Mr., 214, 218 Mellon, Andrew W., 136 Memphis Commercial Appeal, 467 Merger, of American and English companies, E.'s plans for, and for financing the merger, 128, 129; voted unanimously in U.S., 129; campaign for, in England, 129, 130; E. obtains options from stockholders in English company, 136. And see Eastman Kodak Co., Limited Metchnikoff, Ilya, The Prolongation of Life, 209 Middle West, western migration of people of, 35 Milburn, John G., E.'s letter to, 303, 304 Miles Medicine Case, 252, 253 Miller, William R., letter of E. to, 59 Miller, Miss, 344 Millet, Jean F., 463 Millikan, Robert A., 347 n. Miner, Mr., 412 Minimum wage, E.'s letter to Wagner in opposition to, 246, 247 5J5 Minneapolis Plate Materials Co., acquired by E., 181 Mitchell, Francis R., 405 Mitchell, John, 157 Mock, Mr., 285 Monopoly, not desired by E., 194 Monroe, George H., E.'s first instructor in photography 15 Mon y p enny, John G., igi n. Moore, Alexander T., manager of Edison Kinetoscope Dep't, 210; mentioned, 212, 213 More, Sir Thomas, Utopia, 165 Morgan, J. P., organizes and finances the U.S. Steel Corporation, 156; mentioned, 157 Morris, Lord, 141 Morse, S. F. B., his controversy with Prof. Draper, 18, i g Motion pictures, genesis of, 66; experiments and improvements in, 66; first projected publicly on screen by W. Latham, 121; definitive establishment of, due to Kodak film, 127; history of, in the making, as recorded in Strong's letter to E., 124 AT.; first mention of censorship of, 125; and education, 372 ff.; character of films chosen by Committee of National Education Association, 375; another change in conditions — control passes into a few large producing units, 436 Motion picture film, first ever made for commercial purposes, 123 Motion picture industry becomes one of largest industries in the U.S., 227; another transition in, 434 ff.; Maeterlinck's prophecy, 435, 436 Motion Picture Patents Co., parties to be satisfied in carrying out contract with, 222; terms of E.'s agreements, 222; contract with, did not lead to peace, 222; new arrangement with, to include Independents, 227; mentioned, 214, 221 Mott, John R., 314 Mulligan, Mrs. E. W., letter of E. to, 437 n.; mentioned, 418 Mumford, John K., letter of E. to, 197 and n., 198, 199 Music, E. on the study of, in Rochester, 415; necessity of appreciation of, 416 Music School, Rochester, E. the master architect of, 421 ff.; letters of E. thereon, 421-26; number of applicants for courses so great that pupils had to be selected, 432; E.'s policy criticized in Rochester Herald and defended in that paper by E., 432, 433. And see Eastman Theater 5i6 INDEX Mussolini, Benito, proposes to make the dental clinic in Rome a government institution, 482 Nadar, M., 91 and n., 97 National Aniline Co., 317 National Association of the Motion Picture Industry, and distribution of pictures to camps in France, 301; Rhees outlines Eds scheme to, 419-21 National Education Association and the study of motion pictures in their application to classroom practice, 372 ff.; number of school teachers cooperating in, 374, 375; character of films chosen by 375 National Metal Trades Association, 157, 158 National political committees of 1920, 365 National Research Council, 316 National Research Fellowships in Physics and Chemistry, 345; Ê.'s gift for purposes of, 346, 347 Natural colored photographs (1928), comments of Edison and others on, 188 Negative film used by all cameras and photographers before first positive film (Ciné) was produced, 126 and n. Negatives, first use of, by Talbot, 20; why so called, 20, 21; how made, and treated, 21 Negro, education of, and Eds gifts to Hampton and Tuskegee, 467 Nepera Chemical Co., Hayden manager of, 150; removal of, to Rochester, 150, 151; mentioned, 167 and it. And see Hayden New England peopling the Middle West, 35 New Jersey, reorganization of Eastman companies under laws of, 174 and ., *T1 7 5 - } 1 7 6 New Jersey Aristotype Co., 168 New Light, The, 118 New York (City) in 1876, 36; Guggenheims establish dental clinics in, 481 New York American, 367 New York Herald, 122, 123 New York State Reconstruction Committee, E. declines appointment to, 354 New York Sun, 86,87, 122, 141, 142, 187, 287 New York Times, quoted, on Eds 75th birthday, 493, 494 New York Tribune calls E. a 'tariff-made millionaire,' 96: Ed s reply, q6: mentioned, 187 New York World, 187 Newark Sunday Call, announcement of Goodwin patent in, 141 Niagara Falls, 188 Niagara River, idea of using energy of, in form of electricity, first conceived by Sir W. Siemens, 189; Lord Kelvin on transmission of power of, 189 Nice, France, branch at, operated at a loss, 97 Niepce, Joseph N., Daguerre's associate, 16 Niepce de Saint-Victor, 20 n. Night classes, 238 Nitrate of silver in photographer's outfit, .24 Nitro-cellulose film, Reichenbach's development of, 79, 80 Noble, Mr., 363 Non-inflammable film. See Film, non-inflammable Northcliffe, Lord. See Harmsworth, Alfred Noyes, Arthur A., 346, 347 n. O'Hern, Rev. John F., charges interference with Catholic employees, and Eds reply, 239 Oldfield bill on patents (1912), 243, 244, 267 Olds, R. E., m n. Oliver, H. W., 110 One-man management, E. a believer in, 98; M. G. Peck's critical letter to E. concerning, and Eds reply, 103-07 Oral-surgical department, 395 Orchestras, E. on, as factors in education, 427 Organization supreme over the individual in Eds plan, 193 Orlando, Signor, 314 Otto (gasoline engine), 111 n. Out-of-doors photography in early days, E. quoted on, 23-25 Overman (automobile), 111 Overproduction as a cause of business depression, 366, 367. And see Balanced production Page, Walter Hines, 286 Paget, Dr. Leonard, employed by E. in research work, gi Palmer, A. Mitchell, Attorney-General, 385 Palmer, J. G., letter of E. to, 378 Panama Canal, Eds visit to, 269; earth slides at, 269 Panic of i8g3, 100 ff. Panic of 1907, 200 ff. Pantopticon, the, 121, 122 Paper, Eds search for the best, 53, 54; INDEX 517 his position in relation to, impregnable, 170 Paramount Pictures. See Zukor Paris, advertising in, 128; international motion-picture convention at, 219 ff.; E. in strategic position at, 219 Paris, Ciné Journal, quoted, 217-29 Paris Exposition, 96 Parrish, Maxfield, 430 Parties attempting to make film for motion pictures, 126 Patents, E.'s policy of buying all those that seemed necessary in the developing of his business, 57, 127, 243-45 Patents for gelatine dry-plates. See Gelatine dry-plate Pathé, Charles, at Paris convention, 219; E.'s interview with, 22o; refuses to sign a contract binding him not to make films himself, 223; E. seeks to make peace with, 223, 224; peace and, incompatible, 224; E. fails to secure his business, 224; mentioned, 210, 211, 213, 222 Pathé Frères, scheme of New York agent of, and E.'s action thereon, 213; absorbed by E. (1927), 487: mentioned, 210, 212, 217, 218, 220 Paul, Robert W., 122 n., 124, 125 Payne, Sereno E., letter of E. to, 217, 218; his letter to Hubbell, 209 Payroll, how maintained during panic of 1907, 200, 201 Peck, Myron G., letter of, to E. concerning his 'one-man management,' 105- 07; E.'s reply to, 107 Peck, O. H., retail business of, acquired by E., 181 Pelzer, William, 212 Pender, Sir James, M.P., chairman of board of consolidated company, 142 Penniman, Russell S., obtains patent for solving certain difficulties, 127; his patent purchased by E., 127 Pensions, E.'s plan for, 233, 234, 235 Perkins, George W., 235 n., 266, 322 Perna, Amadeo, 482 Pershing, John J., 314, 488 Personnel, growth of, 197; the system of organization, 197 Petit Journal (Paris), 91 Petzval, Joseph, 20 n. Philadelphia Photographer, 52 Philanthropy, the foundation stone of E.'s life-work, 324 Philipp, M. B., retained as counsel by E., 73; letters of E. to, 167, 176-78, 197 198, 199, 213, 214, 219, 220, 240, 241; E.'s generosity to, 270; and the Goodwin decision, 277; mentioned, 94, 114, 115, 207, 211, 213, 216, 227, 251, 270, 273 Photo Materials Co. (Rochester), 168 Photographic industry, E. seeks what it can do toward an Allied victory, 295 ff- Photographic News, 52 Photographic paper, sensitive-coated, invention of, 72 Photographic paper for gelatine printing-out processes, E. secures monopoly for North America of the only two mills in the world making, 187 Photographic paper, Eastman Co. at last makes its own, 376 Photographs, how printed, 22; celestial, 18 n. Photography, first mention of, in E.'s cash-book, 8; beginning of his study of, 15; early history of the art, 15 ffi; difficult to select dates for beginnings of, 16 n.; processes of, 21 ffi; state of the art in 1877, 23 ff.; E.'s final absorption in, 24; his first thought of possibilities of commercial production, 26; determines to inaugurate a complete new system of, 74 ff.; in i8g6 within everybody's means for the first time, 186; origin of use of, in astronomy and in engineering and metallurgical industries, 191 n.; for aerial observation, 289. See Aerial photography, Film system, Out-of-door photography Pierce, Charles L., 476 Plates, search for a substitute for glass, 45 ff- Plattsburg Movement, favored by E., 294 Pocket Kodak, issued in 1895, 113; a rapid seller, 113, 114 Poincaré, Raymond, retained by E. as French counsel, 219 n.; his adverse opinion on proposed contract, 221 Pomeroy, Daniel E., 475, 476 Ponting, H. G., letter of to E., concerning films in the Antarctic, 247, 248 Porta, G. B. della, and the camera obscura, 15 Portrait lens, 20 n. Pound, Arthur, The Telephone Idea, quoted, 40 n. Practical ideas suggested by employees, prizes for, 237, 238 Prévost, Mr., 220 Price-cutting, not true competition, 254 ff.; tends to monopoly, 257 Prices, comparative, of Eastman goods at various times, 360 n. Prices, fixed, and competition. See Competition 5i8 INDEX Primo factory, 365 Pringle, Andrew, 143 n. Printing paper, new lines of, 113 Production, importance of, 364 Promoter, Strong urges E. to employ one, 134 Promotion, almost all positions filled by, 197, 198; consolidations and, 199 Prosser, Seward, 300 n.\ mentioned, 344 Protective tariff, E. becomes a champion of, 367 Pulitzer, Joseph, 36 Pupin, Michael, 336 Purdue University, 154 Radio sets, jE.'s gift to every public and parochial school in Rochester, 493 Raeburn, Sir Henry, 462 Railroads, effect of combinations of, 36 Ramsaye, Terry, history of the motion picture quoted, 66, 121, 12a n. Ratio of expenses to sales, 171 Real estate, E.'s first venture in, 13 Red Cross, E.'s activities in connection with, 200 Red Cross Magazine, and Kipling's verses, "3*2, 3'3 Rehabilitation hospital, E. urges establishment in Rochester, 406, 407 Reichenbach, Henry N., chemist, hired by E., 56, 57; experiments on substitute for glass, 57, 59-61; finds the 'key,' 61; produces formulae for first transparent, flexible film, 53; letters of E. to, 67, 68; with others, conspires to form a rival company and use secret formulae, etc., 8g, 90; discharged, 90 n.; mentioned, 69, 79, 80, 94, 178 Reichenbach, Morey and Will, suit against, 140 Rembrandt, 462 Remsen, Ira, 91 Research, E.'s confidence in, 120. See Universities Research laboratory, enlargement of, 228 n. Retail trade, E. decides to enter, 172. See Chain stores Retirement annuities for Eastman employees, plan for (1928), 490 Reynolds, Sir Joshua, 462 Reynolds, Mortimer F., 56 Rhees, Rush, letter of E. to, on the Music School, 417-19; president of University of Rochester, 416 n.; letter of, to E., on name of theater, 427 n.; and Flexner announce the plan for a Medical School in Rochester, 447, 448; his address to the City Club thereon, 450, 453; his stupendous undertaking, to raise enough money for the new school, 453, made much easier by E.'s gifts, 453, 454; mentioned, 192, 280, 398, 414, 432, 433, 434. 436, 445. 446 Rhodes, Cecil, 487 Rhodes Scholars, 485, 486, 487 Riddell, Lord, 476, 479, 481 Ritter, Frank, 390 n. Roche, Thomas C., 74 Rochester, N.Y., G. W. Eastman founds Eastman's Commercial College at, 4; recognized as photographic headquarters, 116, 168; banks in, benefited by E.'s policy in panic of 1907, 202; War Chest Drive in, 314, 315, 316; held the record, 316; on Armistice Day, 322, 323; survey of health conditions in public school, 397; city manager plan for, 405; charter for, proposed by City Government Plan Committee, adopted, 406; development of, since it became the photographic capital of the world, 407 ff.; plans for civic center in, 409-11 ; suggested location of new first-class medical school, and Rockefeller's gift, 441 ff.; negotiations and final success of the plan, 443-47 Rochester Board of Education, approves plan for Dental Dispensary, 388 Rochester Bureau of Municipal Research, founded by E., 384, 402, 403; classification of work of, 404, 405 Rochester City Government Plan Committee, charter proposed by, 406 Rochester Civic Orchestra, new plans for, 437 n., 438; the plan carried out, 439 Rochester Community Chest, 411 ff. Rochester Democrat and Chronicle, 168, 366, 370, 405, 416 Rochester Dental Dispensary, founded by E., 384; beginnings of, 386, 387; Dr. Burkhart chosen director of, 389; letter of E. to Dr. Forsyth, 389, 390; opened, 390; equipment, 390 n.\ pamphlets sent out by, 391; records for three years, 391 ; results of its success, 392; E. suggests to the Trustees an alliance with the University of Rochester, 392-94: the tonsil-adenoid clinic, 394; growth of, 402; connection of, with project for new medical school, 442, 444, 446. And see Rochester, University of, Tonsil and adenoid cases Rochester Express, 405 Rochester Herald, derogatory article in. 138; what had really happened, 138-40; criticizes method of selecting INDEX applicants for Music School, and is answered by E., 432, 433; mentioned, 275 4°5 Rochester Home Defense Committee, E. chairman of, 300 Rochester Mechanics Institute, 324, 325 Rochester Optical & Camera Co., condition of, when bought by Kodak, 260 Rochester Post-Express, E. interviewed by, on Goodwin case, 277-79; mentioned, 315 Rochester Savings Bank, E.'s early employment in, 14 Rochester Times-Union, 405 Rockefeller, John D. gives General Education Board $50,000,000 to reorganize and develop medical schools in different sections, 439; letter of E. to, 448; mentioned, 3g, 165, 166, 383 n. Rockefeller, John D., Jr., letter of E. to, 280.; mentioned, no, 314, 322 Rockefeller Foundation, 346 Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research, prompt success of, 440; mentioned, 398 Rodin, A., 458 Roentgen, W. K., and the X-ray, no, 118, 119 Rogers, William B., founder of M.I.T., 327; Maclaurin quoted on, 328 Rome, E. suggests dental clinic in, 481 Romney, George, 462 Roosevelt, Franklin D., 307 Roosevelt, Theodore, 36 n., 147, 157, 158* 65. 247 Root, Elihu, 5 Rorty, M. C., 364 n. Rose Polytechnic Institute, 154 Rosenwald, Joseph, letters of E. to, 400- 02; founds dental dispensary in Chicago, 280, 281 Rothafel, S. F. ('Roxy'), consulted by E. on the future of the movie, 435; mentioned, 419 n. Rouse, J. J., 203 Royal Society of Canada, and the modern calendar, 470 Rundell, Anne, marries Harvey Eastman, 3. And see Eastman, Anne Rundell Russia, 92 Rutherford, 191 n. Safety Film, invention of, 373. And see Film, non-inflammable Sage, Edwin O., 49 n. Salisbury, Mass., Roger Eastman settles in, 2 San Francisco Call, raises the issue of Imperialism, 168, 169 Sanders, Thomas, 41 Santo Domingo, connection of, with E.'s absorption in photography, 424 Sargent, John S., 459 Saturday Evening Post, E.'s article on the modern calendar in, 469-72; mentioned, 288 Savings system for employees, 238 Schoenbein, C. F., 20 Schools, public and parochial, in Rochester, E.'s gift to, 493 Schultze, J. H., 15 Schwab, C. M., persuades Morgan to organize the U.S. Steel Corp., 166; mentioned, 367 Schwing factories, 365 Scientific Monthly, quoted, 306 Sconfietti, Cesare, letter of E. to, 481 Scott, R. F., Antarctic explorer, death of, 247, 248 Scovill Manufacturing Co., letter of E. to, 71, 72 Scovill and Adams Co., combined with Anthonys to form Anthony and Scovill Co., 171 Seashore, Dr., 432 Seasonal element in business, 369, 370; Hoover quoted on, 370 n. See, Arthur M., 437 n. Seed, M. A., Dry Plate Co. of St. Louis, acquired by E., 181; and why, 261; mentioned, 365 Seiden, George B., 28, in n. Selig, W. M., Edison's patents held to be infringed by his cameras, 211; mentioned, 214 Seligman, Prof., 434 Service, satisfactory to customers, 171 Seventh District Dental Society, 385 Seymour, Charles, The Intimate Papers of Colonel House, 298 Shand, Lord, 141 Shape, C. T., & Co., retail business acquired by Ii., 181 Sheffield Scientific Institute, 154 Sherman Anti-Trust Law, question of violation of, 251 ff. Shumway, Mrs. Adelina R., 390 n. Sibley, Mr., 418 Sibley Music Library, 421 n. Siemens, Sir W., and the utilization of the energy of Niagara River, 189 Silhouettes, 15 Silver, consumption of, in making film, 54, 202, 203 Simplicity, the Kodak idea, 185 Sinclair, Upton, 147 Sitzungsberichte Würzburger Physik-Medic Gesellschaft, Roentgen's article on X-rays in, 118, 119 520 INDEX Skin. See Film Slosson, Edwin E., 488 Smith, Alfred E., letter of E. to, 354; mentioned, 370 Smith, J. H., new emulsion coating machine made by, 107, 108 Smith, Russell B., 421 Smith, Winford H., letter of E. to, 398; mentioned, 246 'Smith, Mr.,' name under which E. made his first big gift to M.I.T., 375; announcement of his identity, 348 Social activities at Kodak Park, 238 Société Génévoise de Photographie awards diplomas to Eastman, 92 'Solio,' new printing-out paper arouses competition, 103; E. issues challenge concerning, 117; letter of E. to Abbot concerning it, 304 'Solio' war, end of, 167 South, conditions in, in 1876, 36 South African War, effect of, on taxes, 173 Spargo, John, quoted, 236 n. Spencer, Herbert, 35 Squier, General, 306 Standard Dry Plate Co., Lewiston, acquired by E., 181 Standard dry plates, 365 Stanton, Dr., 432 Stebbing, Prof. E., letter of E. to, 58 Stedman, J. H., Ehe Kodaktyl, 87 Steel, an infant industry in 1876, 35; stimulated by ore agreement between Rockefeller, Oliver, and Frick, no Steinbach and Co., Prussia, 53 Stevenson, R. L., 460 Steward, Rollin, 49 n. Stewart, Dr. Audley D., goes with E. to Africa, 475, 476 Stock-keeping, 171 Stokes, Anson P., quoted, 466, 467 Stone, Charles A., 343, 348, 349 Stone, L. L., 49 n. Stone, Melville E., 36 Story, Stephen B., quoted, 403-05, 406 'Stripping film,' composition of, 47; patented, 47; did not meet E.'s desires, 55 57i used exclusively in early Kodaks, 79 Strong, Alvah, 49 n. Strong, Benjamin, Jr., 316, 344 Strong, Henry A., becomes E.'s partner, 37 38; increases his investment, 42; goes to England with E. in 1882, 43; never loses faith, 44; discusses formation of an English company, 92, 93; quoted, on E., 94; goes abroad to investigate Walker's troubles, 97 ff.; his difficulties in England, 98; advises E. to summon Walker to U.S., 98, 99; and the Traders' Bank of Tacoma, Wash., 101 ff.; obtains first big contract with Edison for film, 123; records motion-picture history in the making in letters to E., 124 ff.; on the first appearance of censorship of pictures, 125; quoted, 127; his report for 1898, 143-45; his death, 353 n.\ letters from and to E. on divers subjects, 37, 74, 75 95= 96, 102 ff, X19, 125, 126, 134, t52= 153 233 234 325; mentioned, 9, 48, 49 and n., 63, 112, 114, 115, 130, 136, 148, 168, 170, 179, 195, 227, 297 and n., 300, 301, 312, 462 Strong, Mrs. Henry A., 37, 38, 103, 324, 325 Stuart, Col. Campbell, 303 Stuber, William G., half-owner of Smith's new emulsion-coating machine, E.'s proposition to, 107, 108; began his association with the Eastman Co., 108; experiments with new emulsions, 119; chosen Vice-President of the New Jersey Co., 380; mentioned, 123, 228, 363, 475 Stultz, H. P., 58 Submarine Defense Association, 310 Substitution, prevention of, 195, 196 Sullivan, Mark, Our Times, 40 n., 165 Supreme Court of the U.S. and the right to dictate retail prices, 252, 253-58 Sweet, Wallach and Co., Chicago, acquired by E., 181 Tacoma, Wash., Traders' Bank of, fails to weather the panic of 1893, 101 ff. And see Strong, Henry A. Tacoma Ledger, quoted, 101, 102 Taft, William H., President of the United States, 245, 266 and n. Talbot, Fox, quoted, 16 .; first man to make a negative and use it for printing, 19, 20 Talbot, Romain, 32 Talbot, W. H. F., and the 'Calotype' or 'Talbotype,' QO Talbotype, 20 n. Taprell, W. A., 207 Taprell, Loomis and Co., Chicago, E. purchases card-mount business of, 181 Tardieu, André, 2g7 Tariff protection, and E., 96; and the success of the Kodak, 96; E.'s interest in, prior to proposed prohibitory duty on acetic anhydride, 207, 208 Taylor, J. Traill, 49, 50 Taylor, Dr., 412 Telephone, slow adoption of, 35 INDEX 521 Textbooks, E. anticipates obsolescence of, 376 Third Liberty Loan, 314 Thomson, William, Lord Kelvin, letter of E. to, 139, 140; vice-chairman of board of consolidated company, 142; letter of E. to, 174 n.; visits Rochester, 186 fF. ; his scientific career, 186, 187; on wireless telegraphy, 187, 190; degrees conferred on, 188; his address at Rochester, 188; discovers the important relationship of photography to all scientific research, 188; as a member of the board in charge of construction of Niagara Power Plant, 188; address at Jamestown on photography, 190-92; mentioned, 35, 140 n. Thrift, an Eastman habit, 368; E. quoted on, 368, 369 Tintoretto, 462 Todd, George W., and E. call on Zukor in New York to discuss conditions, 436; mentioned, 412, 417, 418, 449, 453 Tompkins, Eliza, 49 and n. 'Toning,' 22 Tonsil and adenoid cases, accommodations for, in Dispensary emergency clinic, 395, 396; cause of great total of operation cases, 396, 397; and their effect on the work of the Dispensary, 397; success of, due to Burkhart, 399 Tool-workers. See Labor difficulties 'Trade follows the film,' 227 n. Trafalgar Sq., electric sign of Kodak in, 128 'Trust,' cry of, 182 Trusts, fear of, a vital matter in early nineteen-hundreds, 165 Turner, S. N., of Boston Camera Manufacturing Co., E. makes deal with, 114, 115 and n. Tuskegee Institute, amount of E.'s gift to, 466; his earlier contributions to, 366 n.\ mentioned, 454 Union Polishing and Plating Co., established on a cooperative basis by buffers and polishers from the Camera Works, story and final collapse of, 161 — 165 United Shoe Machinery Co., suit of U.S. against, unsuccessful, 284 United States, basic inventions in since 1876, 33 and n.\ changes wrought in all fundamental human institutions, 33, 34; these changes unforeseen in 1876, and why, 34, 35; population of, in 1876, 36; origin of X-ray photography in, 179; suit against Kodak Co., 280 and n., 281; by advice of counsel E. anticipates result, 284; the suit decided adversely to the company by Judge Hazel, 291, 292 and n.; the suit settled, 365; conditions in, in winter of 1916-17, 298; its opportunity to secure its share of international trade, 364; negotiations with, difficult, 307 ff. ; generosity of, 383 and n. United States Steel Corporation, organized by Morgan, 166 United States War College, orders equipment for color photographing, 293 United States War Department, declines E.'s offer to establish a school of aerial photography, 298 and 299 n. United War Fund, 314 United War Work Campaign, 322 Universities, the real research pioneers, 336, 337; views of Edison and E. as to future importance of connection between industry and education, 337 University of Rochester, foundation of, 416 n.; E. makes possible the purchase of the Institute of Musical Art, 416; amount of E.'s gift to, 466; mentioned, 454. And see Rochester Dental Dispensary and other entries under Rochester Vail, Theodore N., 41 Van Dyck, Sir Anthony, 462 Van Zandt, Clarence D., Mayor of Rochester, E.'s letter to, as to a civic center, 409-11 Vanderlip, Frank A., 426 'Velox,' 167 n. Victoria, Queen, 20 n., 145 Vincent, George E., President of Rockefeller Foundation, 427 n., 454 Visibility meter, invented by L. A. Jones for Submarine Defense Association, 310 Vitagraph Co., 214 Vitascope, described in N.Y. Herald, 122, 123; mentioned, 110 Wage dividend, E.'s ideas concerning, 235, 236; dividends paid by Eastman Co. in 1914-21 and 1922-29, 36872.; how affected by the new retirement plan, 491, 492; mentioned, 359, 366 Wages, E.'s belief in something more than, 378 Wagner, Robert F., E.'s letter to, on minimum wage, 246, 247 Wales, Prince of. See Edward Albert Walker, Allen, letter of E. to, 363; letter of, to E., 364 n. 522 INDEX Walker, William H., letters of E. to, 52, 68, 69, 130, 140,325; quoted on manufacture of first film, 54; difficulties with, adjusted, 74; discusses formation of an English company, 92, 93; further difficulties with, 97; resigns, 97; Strong advises E. to summon him to U.S., 90; E.'s letter to Strong on the subject, 98, qq; mentioned, 46, 47, 48, 49 and ., 51, 56, 57, 58, 62, 63, 73, 79 80, 83, 113, 118, 300, 326 Wall Street Journal, 280 Wallace, United States Circuit Judge, 79 Wallace, Thomas, attacks Kodak Co., 262 ff.; letter of E. to, 263-66 Wanamaker, John, letter of E. to, 95 War Chest Drive in Rochester, 314 War contracts, E. gives check for all the company's profits on, 371; Pres. Harding's acknowledgment, 371, 372 War funds, E.'s policy as to method of raising, 315 Warnerke holder, 50 Washington, Booker T., 466 n. Washington University, St. Louis, 440 Waterville, N.Y., E. born at, 4; his recollections of, 6 Watson, Floyd R., 421 Watson, Mrs., 418 Waydell, Cornelius, E.'s first employer, 7 Wealth, E. quoted as to use of, 382; opportunities for distribution of, 382, 383; responsibility for proper use of, 383 Wedgwood, Thomas, the first photographer, 15, 16 and n. Weeks, John W., Sec'y of War, 371 Welch, Dr., 446, 453 Wellman, Walter, 'Caught with a Camera,' 88, 89 Welsh, Vernon, 52 Westinghouse, George, 188 Westminster Gazette, published first interview with E., 136-38 Weston, W. H., 385 'Wet collodion' process, 20 'Wet plates,' 23 Wethersfield, Conn., Kilborne family settled in, 2 Whipple, George H., Dean of the new Medical School, 453 White, G. L., of McKim, Mead and White, 423, 424, 425, 427 Whitman, Charles S., 344 Whitney, Alice R., becomes E.'s stenographer, and later his secretary, 81,344 Whitney, Willis R., letter of, to E., on his services to M.I.T., 350 Wickersham, George W., Attorney- General, his investigation of Kodak, 273, 276: mentioned, 2si Willard, Mr., 412 Willard, Mrs., 418 Wilson, William B., Sec'y of Labor, seeks E.'s advice on labor matters, 360 Wilson, Woodrow, Pres. of the U.S., The New Freedom, 270, 271 and n., 272; E.'s leading opponent, 270; perplexing attitude of his administration, 274 ff.; and the significance of the war, 292; effect of his reelection on E., 293; mentioned, 36, 248, 267, 273, 288 n., 294, 365 Winn, Herbert J., 405 Winter, Ezra, 430, 431 Wister, Owen, 288 Wonders of Photography, The, quoted, 20- 23 Wood, Ben D., 274 Woodward, Roland B., 364 n., 412 Woolworth, F. W., 36 Working hours shortened, 237 Workingmen, lesson to be learned by, from E.'s cooperative experiment, 165 World's Columbian Exposition, Chicago, E. plans to make it a mecca for amateur photographers, 96 World War, the, E.'s policy in dealing with belligerents in early days of, 284 Wratten and Wainwright, E. buys capital stock of, 240; the ensuing complications, 240 ff. Wright, Orville, 111 Wright, Wilbur, 111 X-ray machine, first in the U.S., 119 X-ray plates for astronomical photography, 209 X-ray printing paper, market for, in Europe, 119; Eastman Co. makes arrangements for printing, 119 X-rays, discovery of, no Yale Medical School, 44 Young, Owen D., 488 Zimmerman, Herr, German Under- Secretary, 289, 295 Zimmerman Bros., St. Paul, acquired by E., 181 Zukor, Adolph, consulted by Todd and E., 436; E. conveys control of Eastman Theater to, 436; mentioned, 421 |
