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| Volltext: | Page numbers in italics refer to figures. Adorno, Theodor W., 49n8, 107-8, 109, 121 n2, 135n5, 244, 418, 434, 445n2, 448 aesthetics: of display, 331, 341 ; of experience, 70, 78, 81, 82-83; relational, 71, 86n11, 365, 374n12 African art, 27n17, 62, 95-96, 103n25, 104-21, 234, 408, 410-13, 421, 424, 425n8, 454-465, 482-84 Agamben, Giorgio, 161 Alloway, Lawrence, 17, 102n8, 142, 181n2, 274n21 Altshuler, Bruce, 26n11, 135n3, 249, 262, 273n8 apartheid, 1& 76, 106, 115, 121, 326, 411, 435, 455, 460, 464n14: system of art world as similar to, 410, 423 Aperto. See Venice Biennial Appadurai, Arjun, 439, 445n10 Arquivo Histdrico Wanda Svevo, 10 Arsenale. See Venice Biennial art centers, 20, 21, 219, 242, 296-98, 326, 331, 361, 365, 367, 380, 456 art collectors, 102n13, 120, 143, 145, 181n4, 182n11, 241, 243, 362, 363 432 449 art fairs, ' 13, Î 9, 92, 102n13, 155, 243, 248.325 art market, 60, 73, 76, 102n 13, 181 n4, 189, 255, 264, 282, 299, 382, 391, 396, 434, 449, 461, 481 artnigre, 108-9 artist-curator. See curators: artists as Asian art 165-83, 339-41, 396 Asia-Pacific Triennial, 23, 26n5, 231, 238, 310, 413 Auckland Triennial, 26n5, 59 Aug, Marc. 328 Baker, George, 23 Bantu Biennial, 407, 408, 411, 412 Barr, Alfred, Jr., 183n22, 323-24, 329, 343n1, 343n3, 344n8 Barthes, Roland, 251, 261, 272, 355 Basualdo, Carlos, 16, 19, 101n2, 102n13, 275n42, 275rr44, 289n1, 327, 330, 344n11, 345n29 Bellagio conference, 199, 223-39, 405n15, 432-33 Benjamin, Walter, 35-37, 107-8, 427, 467, 476 Bergen Biennial Conference (2009), 9, 11, 27 n 18, 86n0, 86n7, 101n0, 199, 207n0, 273n0, 279, 289n0, 305n0, 321 nO, 358n0, 374nn0-2, 375n34 Bergen Kunsthall, 9, 11 Berlin Biennial, 14, 26n5, 78, 101 n7, 128, 295, 296, 329, 370, 374n26 Beriin Wall, 18, 106, 120, 205, 326 391 biennial art 21, 185-97, 326 biennial culture, 68-69, 71, 73, 75, 78, 80-85, 87n33, 190, 244, 246, 294, 447, 449, 450-51 biennial knowledge, 10, 16, 370. See also biennialogy biennialization, 247, 293, 466-68 biennialogy, 12, 16, 24 biennials: art institutions and, 292-305; as exhibitions, 165, 204, 294-96, 304, 407; center-periphery dialectic and, 70, 98, 103n30, 154, 202-3, 246-47, 279, 286, 331, 348, 350, 351, 353-54, 390-94, 399-402, 423, 437-38, 440-41, 467, 481, 489n3; concept of Utopia and, 13, 14, 23, 53, 58-59, 60, 70, 85, 101, 163, 199-206, 307, 387, 402; crisis of, 216, 218, 253, 265, 270, 307, 341, 355, 372-73; curatorial authorship and, 26n16, 240-59, 251, 260-75; diasporic art and artists and, 96, 103n25, 117-18, 202, 333, 340, 364, 412-13, 440-41, 451-52; discursivityand, 360-75; genealogy and origins of, 18-19, 23, 66-87, 88-103, 113-15; hegemony and, 23, 156, 159, 167, 281, 330, 336; importance of curators to, 222-39; multicultural-ism and, 21, 23, 100, 232-33, 457, 460, 464n12, 475; nomadism and, 244, 248, 298, 344n 19, 381 ; of resistance, 306-21 ; pavilion system and, 83, 95, 140-41, 264, 274n23, 389-91 ; proliferation of, 13, 14, 18, 21, 69-70, 76, 89-91, 95, 98, 100, 101 n2, 102n20, 103n30, 129, 130, 268, 326, 341, 361, 364, 432, 445n2; site-specificity and, 14, 69, 91, 160, 162, 190, 328, 362, 367-38, 374n18, 434; spectacle and, 68, 85, 126-27, 370; Third Worid and, 53, 69, 95, 406-15; tourism and, 13, 24, 68-85 passim, 89, 121n4, 134, 144-46, 148, 155-56, 162, 196, 245, 248, 271, 298, 309, 326, 349, 362, 380, 394, 438 (see also dty branding); types or typologies of, 166-67, 174, 182n15, 387-88 (see also biennials: of resistance). See also mega-exhibition; triennials; quadrennials; quinquennials; and names of specific biennials Birnbaum, Daniel, 71, 86n12, 101 n2, 270, 273n44, 363, 366, 371 Block, René, 62, 91, 103n28, 182n 12, 239, 296, 386, 405n15, 405n23 blockbuster exhibitions, 107, 119, 204, 246, 441 Bonami, Francesco, 168, 269-70, 275n44, 329, 390 Bonito Oliva, Achille, 54, 74, 95, 102n16, 269, 389 Bourdieu, Pierre, 71, 90, 101 n3, 182n16, 243, 399, 428, 441 Bourriaud, Nicolas, 71, 374n12, 488n6 Brenson, Michael, 17, 27n22, 199, 239, 257, 299n27 Brussels Biennial, 296, 299, 301, 302-3, 304n 1, 305 Buergel, Roger M., 470, 475-78, 481, 482-83, 486-87, 489n16 Buren, Daniel, 17, 27n 16, 252-53, 323, 357 Busan Biennial, 26n5 Bydler, Charlotte, 16, 26n13, 101 n2, 103n28, 183n22. See also The Global Art World, Inc.: On the Globalization of Contemporary Art Cairo Biennial, 103n30, 105, 116, 224, 407, 408, 411-12 Camnitzer, Luis, 102n17, 102n19, 102n22, 204, 205, 207n4, 403, 425n7, 482 Caribbean Biennial, 26n5 Carnegie International, 25n4, 93, 95, 102n10, 128, 165, 200, 230, 234, 236, 239, 388, 405n15, 434 Centre Georges Pompidou, 27n17, 113, 135n13, 392, 405n25, 409, 480 Centra Wifredo Lam, 96, 231, 239 city branding, 24, 76, 79, 162, 163, 271, 332 Clark, John, 21, 181 n6, 181 n9, 182n10 colonialism, 106, 119, 129, 337, 341, 344n10, 352, 400, 419, 420, 421, 429, 436 communism, 147-48, 200, 344n18 Crystal Palace, 18, 31 -49, 51 -57, 61, 63-64, 78, 79, 321 n2 culture industry, 107, 126-27, 133-34, 244, 245, 248, 427, 434, 445n2 curators: artists as, 213-21, 277-79, 315; as artists, 175-76, 213-21, 250-55, 277-79, 342; as mediators, 175-76; independent 21, 27n22, 248, 297-98, 388; role of, 168-72. See also biennials: importance of curators to curatorial responsibility, 21, 27n22, 226-28, 231, 245, 265, 276-88, 293, 299, 305, 373, 388, 390 curatorial tum, 21, 103n27, 240-59 Dak1 Art See Dakar Biennial Dakar Biennial, 22, 26n5, 98, 104, 105-8, 110, 112-21, 121 nn3-6, 231, 234, 239, 328, 329, 388, 405n23, 405n27, 412-13, 480 David, Catherine, 65n10, 220, 224, 253, 268, 275n44, 295, 329, 335-36, 345n23, 361, 369, 471, 473-74, 484-85 Debord, Guy, 427, 441 -43, 447, 451-52 decentralization, 130, 162, 387, 424 Deleuze, Gilles, 72, 197n4, 304 Delhi Biennial, 23, 307, 310 Derrida, Jacques, 16, 103n31 discursivity, 21, 299, 310, 360-75, 484 Documenta, 14, 22, 26n8, 55-57, 102n11, 106, 114, 126, 133, 149n23, 154, 166-67, 182n12, 182n 15, 203, 213-21, 236, 252-53, 265-69, 295, 407, 435, 466-89:5 (1972) and "Museum of 100 Days, " 17, 25, 94, 97, 211, 265-66, 389; 7 (1982), 266; 9 (1992), 26n12, 251 ; 10 (1997) and "100 Days-100 Guests, " 135n1, 135n9, 135n11, 224, 225, 227-28, 239n1, 247, 335-36, 355, 361, 365, 369, 390, 449-50, 471 -89; 11 (2002) and "platforms, " 15, 135n9, 167, 247, 275n42, 280-81, 327, 336-39, 369, 390, 471 -89; 12 (2007), 471-89; and German postwar reconstruction, 18, 106, 129, 135n7, 263, 273n18, 326, 335, 388-89, 435 Duchamp, Marcel, 217, 220, 251, 274n40, 324, 400 Echigo-Tsumari Art Triennial, 26n5 Empire. See Hardt, Michael, and Antonio Negri Enlightenment the, 20, 51, 76, 174, 437 Enwezor, Okwui, 23, 27n21, 63, 91, 106, 167, 220, 227, 231, 231-33, 253, 268-69, 295, 307, 312-13, 336, 345n39, 364, 369, 397, 446- 53, 459, 462, 465n21, 465n40, 470, 471, 481 -82, 483, 490n8 Esche, Charles, 75, 246, 295, 299, 303, 340, 345n34, 475, 489n6 ethnocentrism, 37, 417-18, 442 Eurocentrism, 17, 340, 403, 416-25, 480 expositions universelles, 18, 34, 51 -61, 67-70, 72-73, 77-80, 87n23, 308: of 1900 (Paris), 78-80, 84, 85, 86n1 Ferguson, Bruce W„ 21, 26n11, 135n3, 245 festivalism, 13, 447 Filipovic, Elena, 9, 11, 21, 26n14, 245, 247, 367, 375n26 Foucault Michel, 103n31, 163n4, 258n28, 261 Fuchs, Rudi, 266-67, 273n5 Fukuoka Asian Art Triennial, 26n5, 61, 98, 168, 181n8, 183n32 Giardini. See Venice Biennial: Giardini Global Art World, Inc.: On the Globalization of Contemporary Art, The, 16, 26n13, 103n28, 183n22, 183n34, 345n32: abridged version of, 378-405 globalization, 13, 16, 23, 98, 100-101, 103n23, 120, 129, 134, 155, 162, 173, 246, 279, 286, 312-13, 330, 334, 337, 339, 364, 374n7, 378-405, 480, 484: of art 295, 378-405, 427-33, 439, 442-43, 446-452, 474 Göteborg Biennial, 26n5 grandes expositions. See expositions universelles Grasskamp, Walter, 26n12, 135n7, 181 n3, 303-4, 405n16 Great Exhibition of 1851 (London), 33-48, 51, 55, 72, 388, 398, 468 Greenberg, Clement 394-95 Griffin, Tim, 91, 181 n3 Grays, Boris, 26n 16, 274n40, 280, 314 Guangzhou Triennial, 69, 83, 171, 173, 182n15 Gwangju Biennial, 18, 55, 62, 75, 98, 128, 173, 182n15, 326, 330, 339-41, 379-80, 387-88, 389, 392, 435:4th (2002), 302, 340-41 ; 5th (2004), 166, 171; 6th (2006), 171 ; 7th (2008), 23, 26n5, 306-21 Haacke, Hans, 15, 25, 82-83, 94, 319, 357 Habermas, Jürgen, 436-37, 485 Haftmann, Werner, 480 Hal, Marieke van, 9, 11, 27n24 Hall, Stuart, 486 Hanru, Hou, 27n20, 64, 168, 180, 182n 18, 274n39, 275n44, 302, 340, 363, 465n21, 475 Hardt, Michael, and Antonio Negri, 100, 103n30, 443, 445n4, 486 Havana Biennial, 14, 18, 23, 53, 60-61, 69, 75, 76, 88-103, 128-29, 133-34, 198-206, 232, 234, 310, 326, 329, 388, 400, 405n22, 410-11, 423, 481 hegemonic shift 466-89 hegemony; Western cultural, 295, 328, 338, 351, 353, 380, 383, 418, 436, 447, 468-73, 481, 489. See also biennials: hegemony and Herkenhoff, Paulo, 229, 231, 235, 239, 329, 355, 397, 405n15 Hlavajova, Maria 19, 21, 25n2, 26n11, 27n18 Hoegsberg, Milena M„ 21 Hoet Jan, 220, 251-52, 253, 267, 474 Hoffmann, Jens, 27n20, 253, 254 Hoskote, Ranjit 13, 23 identity: cultural, 100, 188, 190, 224, 232, 351 -53, 408-14, 421, 430, 440, 459; diasporic, 98, 100, 117, 438-41 (see also biennials: diasporic art and artists and): politics of, 312, 338, 362 imperialism, Western, 51, 308, 337, 353, 364, 374n7, 418, 429, 433, 436, 443-44, 447 immigration, 333, 440, 447 India Triennial, 23, 25n4, 307, 310, 311, 329, 407-8, 411 inSite, 368-69, 372, 375n31 institutional critique, 252, 347, 357, 429, 450, 468, 475 Istanbul Biennial, 14, 53, 69, 75, 76, 83, 98, 128, 153, 234, 245, 329, 367, 380, 388, 405n18, 405n23, 481:3rd (1992), 409-10; 5th (1997), 224; 6th (1999), 392; 9th (2005), 75, 78, 295, 475; 10th (2007), 475-76; 11 th (2009), 15. 85, 271, 303, 305, 371, 375n28, 476 Jameson, Fredric, 59, 63, 100, 103n31 Johannesburg Biennial, 14, 23, 26n5, 53-63 passim, 75, 98, 119, 245, 310, 329, 389, 397, 435, 454-65, 481; apartheid and, 18, 76, 326, 391-92; 1st (1995), 116, 128, 454-65; 2nd (1997), 224, 231, 268, 397, 454-65 Jones, Caroline A, 18, 89, 90, 101n2 Konaté, Yacouba, 22 Kortun, Vasif, 75, 295, 409, 475 Kunsthallen, 20, 190, 297, 326, 331, 345n38, 361 Kwon, Miwon, 274n40, 368, 374n10 Lefebvre, Henri, 328, 330 Und, Maria, 255, 490n6 Liverpool Biennial, 14, 26n5, 153, 183n23, 367 Lianes, Lillian, 231, 232, 234, 238, 239 Lyon Biennial, 14, 26n5, 55, 98, 128, 216:9th (2007), 270-71; 10th (2009), 363 Lyotard, Jean-François, 266, 275n31 Magiciens de la terre, Les (Paris, 1989), 19, 27n17, 110, 113-14, 120, 204, 232, 246, 268, 295, 389, 392, 395, 409, 423, 457, 462, 481-82, 490n20 Maharaj, Staat 274n42, 278, 375n34 Manifesta, 14, 26n5, 86n14, 330-35, 388, 389, 438; 1 (1996), 332; 2 (1998), 332, 344n18; 3 (2000), 298, 405n15; 4 (2002), 332; 5 (2004), 333; 6 (2006), 334, 361. 371 ; 8 (2010), 302; changing locationsof, 153, 296, 331, 388; faU of Berlin Wall and, 18 326, 391 Marchait, Oliver, 22 Marco Polo Syndrome, 17, 417-25 Marschalt Sabine, 23 Martia Jean-Hubert 27n17, 109, 220, 232, 268, 295, 392, 404n7, 481 Martinez, Rosa, 53, 59, 72, 86n8, 168, 357 Martini, Federica, 21 Martini, Vittoria, 21 McEviHey, Thomas, 15, 101 n2, 256, 395 456 mega-exhibitions, 15, 17, 23, 27n21, 53, 91, 134, 162.244, 246-47. 326-43 passim, 426-45, 447-52 Mercosul Biennial, 14, 26n5, 26n7, f 54 374^23 MesQuita, h/o, 258n19, 347-48, 350, 355, 366, 405n29 migration, 160-62, 364, 386, 391, 439, 447 Momentum, 26n5, 397 Montreal Biennial, 26n5, 128 Mosquera, Gerardo, 16, 22, 60, Î0tn2, 207n4, 275n39, 402, 403, 405n22, 410, 415n1, 425n3, 425rm16-17, 465n21 rrmlticulturaHsm, 408, 441 -43; in art world, 162. See a/so biennials: mutticutturafcm and Museum Fridericianum, 65nt 1, 239, Museum Fridericianum (cont'd), 267, 335, 337, 478, 490n12 Museum of Modern Art (MoMA), 27n17, 76, 255, 318-19, 323-24, 343n1 Nan# Fum, 169.180, 182nl 8 New Delhi Triennial. See India Triennial Newlnstitutionalism, 20, 27n19, 258n26, 298, 468-69, 489-90n6 Niemeyer. Oscar, 93, 347, 348, 358n6 Niemojewski, Ratal, 18, 69, 86n7, 101n4 non-ptace, 328 North-South relations, 60, 422 Ohr ist Hans Ulrich. 26n1 1, 27 n20, 64, 168, 254, 256, 270, 273n9 OUoherty, Brian, 26n 11, 256, 258M6, 329, 330, 343n4 Olympic Games, 19.77, 85; 87n29, 140, 153, 154, 172-73, 183n28, 438, 439, 450 O'NeW, Paul, 21, 27n 16, 103n27, 258n 1, 273n 11, 374n2, 348n32 Other, the, 35, 37, 40, 61.103n30, 154.341, 417.419.422, 424, 480 0vstefae, Soteeig, 404n1 Raiais de Tokyo. 80-81.85; 489n6 Pan-Africanism 22, 105, 108, 115-16, 231 Paris Biennial. 13, 27n17, 70.274n24. 387, 392, 405n14 Pastor Roces, Marian, 18 Perrteric, 26n5, 153, 375n30 postcolonialism, 13, 91, 98, 103n23, 106.286, 414.471.470, 489n8 postmodernism, 52, 100, 103n31, 355.379.418.448, 449 Preaosi, Donald. 18, 49n9, 49n 12, 49n16, 344n5, 344n10, 405n31 Prospect 18-19, 371 quadrennials. 370 quinquennials See Documenta Raqs Media Collective, 21, 286 regionalism, 153, 296, 393-94, 459 Riwaq Biennial. 18 talon, nineteenth-century French, 77, 89, 92, 93, 178, 203; Venice Biennial in relation to, 102n8, 326 Saho, Donna de. 199 SAo Paulo Bienmal, 10, 13, 22, 23, 69, 76, 83, 93, 95.128, 138, 153, 166, 182n15, 235, 236, 274n24, 310, 356-359, 388, 407, 437, 450: 2nd (1953), 93; 22nd (1994), 397; 24th (1998), 229, 231, 329, 397; 25th (2001 ), 405; 28th (2008), 361, 366-67, 374n15 Schjekfahl, Peter, 13, 345n26 Senghor, Léopoid, 114-15 Shanghai Biennial, 26n5, 55, 59, 128, 173, 182n15 Sharjah Biennial, 14, 26n5, 77, 87n28, 329.388 Sheikh, Simon, 22, 163n5 SITE Santa Fe Biennial, 26n5, 53, 59, 128 spectacle, society of, 80, 119.441, 443-44, 451 -52. See also biennials: and spectacle spectatorship, 157, 441 -44, 448, 451-52 Spivak, Gayatri Chakravorty, 199, 404, 447 Spricigo, Vinicius, 22 Staniszewski. Mary Anne, 26n11, 255-56, 319, 343n2 Storr, Robert 27n22, 86n6, 89, 103n28, 181n3, 251, 344n13 Sydney Biennial. 13.70.200, 329, 387, 388, 389, 405n23 Szeemann, Harald, 17, 21, 25n4, 27n21, 74, 87n24, 94, 95, 102n 16, I82n18, 183n27, 211, 213-14, 215, 252, 262, 265-66, 270, 273n4, 273n7, 295, 389, 474, 486 Taipei Biennial. 14, 26n5, 328, 329, 389 Tirana Biennial, 26n5, 98, 329 Tiravanija, Rirkrit 168, 170, 182n14, 254, 275n44 triennials, 14.19, 53, 58, 62, 101 n7. 134, 148, 165, 182n15, 223, 244, 441. See also names of specific triennials universal expositions See world's fairs Utopia Station (2003), 168.254, 484 Valencia Biennial, 26n5 Van Abbemuseum, 299, 300, 300, 301, 305n1 Venice Biennial, 26n6, 83, 84, 86n17, 92-95, 120, 126, 128-29, 136-49, 156, 166, 170230, 263-65, 273nn16-17, 296, 312, 326, 364, 379, 387-89, 450:1st (1895), 67-68; 35th(1968), 17, 94; 36th (1970), 274n24; 39th (1980), 74; 45th (1993), 15, 54, 71, 269; 47th (1997), 53; 50tfl (2003), 135n1, 135n9, 168, 183n21, 269-70, 275n44, 300-301, 305, 329, 344n11, 390, 486; 51 st (2005), 72, 74, 168; 53rd (2009), 371 ; Apertoi 95, 102M6, 102n18, 113, 389-90, 392, 270; Arsenate and Corderie 74, 7818, 95, 168, 270; as first biennial established, 13, 18, 68, 165, 308, 407; as possible model for others, 23, 53, 88-101 passim 113-14, 152-53; dAPERTutto, 87n24, 170; Fascism and, 79, 263, 273n17; German Pavilion, 25, 82-83, 94; Giardini, 73-78 passim 85, 87n27 Verwoert Jan, 21 white cube. 21, 62, 74, 159, 256, 322-45, 362, 367-68, 373 Whitney Biennial, 25, 474, 489n11 WHW (What How and for Whom), 271, 303, 371, 275n50, 375n28, 475 world's fairs, 67-87, 371, 393. See also expositions universelles; Great Exhibition of 1851 (London) Yokohama Triennial, 26n5, 102n7, 168-69, 173, 182n 15 Zabel, Igor, 27n24, 270, 275n44, 300, 301, 302, 305, 330, 344n14 Zanini, Walter, 159, 354, 358n30 Zeitgeist 169, 172, 179, 183n21, 389 |
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