| Volltext: | INDEX AAA (American Abstract Artists), 65, 901116 AA Commune (Actions-Analytic Commune), 688, 751-54, 907ni2 Abakanowicz, Magdalena, 173, 257-60 ABC No Rio (New York), 293 Abramovic, Marina, 689, 690, 758-59 Abstract expressionism: and art informel, 17-20, 583, 585; Eric Fischi on, 265-66; historical context of, 11; repudiation of traditional means by, 12, 13; Susan Rothenberg on, 263; sculptural experimentation with, 15-16; surrealism influence and, 13, 14 Abstraction-Création, Art non-figuratif (1931—36), 63, 900m Abstraction-Création (Paris), 63, 65 Abstrakt-konkret, 64 Acconci, Vito, 389, 392, 690, 691, 759-67, 809 Achromes (1957—59), 65 Action painting, 11, 16, 19, 580-81, 680-81 Actions-Analytic Commune. See AA Commune "Action workshop on the street" (Knizak), 686 Adorno, Theodor, 5, 11 Affiches lacérées (torn posters), 684 African American artists, 171, 174-75, 292-93 AFRICOBRA (African Commune of Bad Relevant Artists), 292-93 AG Gallery (New York), 684-85 Agnetti, Vincenzo, 811 Albers, Josef, 63, 64, 68, 107-9, 287, 90in6 Allendy, Colette, 681 Allianz (Zurich), 64 Alloway, Lawrence, 70, 282 Alpers, Svetlana, 4 Alternative Media, 394 Alternative spaces, 691, 807, 815, 894-95, 908n28 Amabenemu, Akili (b. Ron Anderson), 293 Amarillo Ramp (Smithson), 503 American Abstract Artists (AAA), 65, 90in6 Amirkhanian, Charles, 420—24 Analytical Art, 810 "Anarchitecture" 505 Anderson, Laurie, xx, 389, 420—24, 690 Anderson, Ron (pseud. Akili Amabenemu), 293 Andre, Carl, 69, 389, 578; horizontal sculpture of, 69, 503, 909-ion9; on stripe painting, 124; texts of, 4, 898n8 Andrews, Michael, 171 Annual Rings (Oppenheim), 503 Anselmo, Giovanni, 586 An Anthology (1963), 805 Anthropometries; 681 Anti-Illusion: Procedures/Materials (exhibition, 1969), 577-78 Antin, David, 394 Antin, Eleanor, 394, 691, 773-75 APG (Artist Placement Group), 812 Appel, Karel, 170, 209-10 Apple, Jacki, 693 Arbus, Diane, 294 Arcadiou, Stelios (pseud, STELARC), 390, 427-30 Archaeological Find (Ortiz), 683 Architecture: sculpture and, 501-2 Arneson, Robert, 579 Arp, Hans, 63 Arroz con Mango (formerly The People's Choice, exhibition), 815 Ars Elettronica (exhibition), 395 "Art After Philosophy" (Kosuth), 808 Art and Culture (Greenberg), 584, 865 "Art and Its Public" (Kosuth), 808 "Art and Objecthood" (Fried), 70 Art and Technology (exhibition, 1970), 388 "Art as Idea as Idea" (Kosuth, Reinhardt), 808 Art as the Evolution of Visual Knowledge (Biederman), 66 Artaud, Antonin, 20 Art brut, 289, 293 Art Bulletin, 4 Art Concret (exhibition, 1945), 64 98 3 Arte povera, 286; art informel and, 19; Germano Celant on, 585, 662-66; postmodernist art versus, 173 Arte povera—Im Spazio (exhibition, 1967), 585 Artforum, 809 Art Front (1934-37), 16 Art history: art as, 805; formalist theory of, 2, 4; postmodern reexamination of, 1, 4—5 "Art Hysterical Notions of Progress and Culture" (Kozloff and Jaudon), 72, 154-64 "Artificial Realities" (Krueger), 394 Art informel, 11, 17-20, 583, 585. See also Abstract expressionism Art International, 66 "The Artist as Anthropologist" (Kosuth), 808 Artist Placement Group (APG), 812 Artists; displaced authority of, 5-7; theoretical strategies of, 3-4 Artist's Reserved Rights Transfer and Sale Agreement, 807, 837—38 Artist's Space (New York), 293 Artists' texts: art history's neglect of, 7; in bookworks, 283—84, 291; combined with images, 173, 284, 814; as critical theory component, 8-9; displaced authority of, 6-7; in public installations, 814; selection criteria for, xix, xxi, 897ns Art Journal, 4 Art & Knowledge "Workshop, Inc. (South Bronx), 815 Art-Language: The Journal of Conceptual Art, 810 Art & Language (Britain), 810 Art News, 16, 66, 287 The Art of Assemblage (exhibition, 1965), 500 Art of This Century Gallery (New York), 500 The Art Show (Kienholz), 804 Ascott, Roy, 396, 489-98 Ashford, Doug, 816 Ashton, Dore, 13, 295, 899-90002 Assemblages: of destructive kinetic art, 385-86; of disposable objects, 286-87, 288, 295, 499-500; of monochrome canvasses, 584; by Nouveaux Réalistes, 284-85. See also Installations Association of Modern Swiss Artists (Zurich), 64 Atkinson, Terry, 809 Auerbach, Frank, 171 Ault, Julie, 815—16 Austrian Filmmakers Cooperative, 689 Authorial authority: critical theory's displacement of, 5-7 "Auto-Destructive Art" (Metzger), 386, 401 "Auto-Interviews" (Samaras), 290, 349—55 Auto-Portraits (Samaras), 290 Avalanche (1970-76), 504, 9o8n26 "Avant-Garde and Kitsch" (Greenberg), 2 Axioms (Popovic), 809 Aycock, Alice, 505—6, 558—60 Azimuth (1959-60), 65 Bacon, Francis, 169, 171, 199—204 Baer, Jo, 580 Baigell, Matthew, 241-44 Bainbridge, David, 809 Baj, Enrico, 900-90105 Balanchine, George, 502 Baldessari, John, 814, 890—94 Baldwin, Michael, 809 Balijeu, Joost, 66 Ballantine Ale (Johns), 287 Ballard, J. G., 389 The Ballerina (Antin), 691 Banham, Peter Reyner, 282 Barents, Els, 792 Baro, Gene, 654-57 Barr, Alfred H., 16-17, 42-43 Barry, Robert, 691, 806, 808, 839 Barthes, Roland, 5, 66, 73, 294, 501, 90in7 Baselitz, Georg (b. Georg Kern), 170, 254—55 Baskin, Leonard, 168 Basquiat, Jean-Michel, 293 Bastian, Heiner, 4, 15, 34—37 Battle of the Bouvines (Mathieu), 680 Baudrillard, Jean, 73, 294, 89806 Bauen und Wohnen (Building and Eving), 64 Bauhaus, 68 Baumeister, Willi, 19-20, 53 Bayer, Herbert, 503 Baziotes, William, 70 The Beanery (Kienholz), 501 Bear, Liza, 392, 659-62, 9o8n26 984 INDEX Bearden, Romare, 171, 216-19 Beauvoir, Simone de, 682, 683 Beck, Julian, 683 Beckett, Samuel, 169 Beckmann, Max, 168-69, 174, 180-83 Bed-In for Peace (Ono and Lennon), 686 "Being Queer in America: A Journal of Disintegration" (Wojnarowicz), 294 Ben Day dot, 289 Bengelsdorf, Rosalind, 90in6 Benglis, Lynda, 580-81, 617-22, 905-6n7 Benjamin, Walter, 810 Bense, Max, 64 Benton, Thomas Hart, 14 Berés, Jerzy, 687, 744—46 Berliawsky, Louise. See Nevelson, Louise Berman, Wallace, 288 Bernstein, Michèle, 681 Between Poetry and Painting (exhibition, 1965), 900n3, 909n4 Beuys, Joseph, xx, 15, 582-83, 633-44, 689, 813 Bewogen, Beweging (exhibition, 1961), 386 Bhabha, Homi K., 694 Biederman, Charles, 65—66, 81—85 Bilderbuch (Roth), 283 Bill, Max, 63, 64, 74-77, 387, 390 The Birth Project (Judy Chicago), 292 Black Gate Cologne (exhibition, 1969), 392 Black Light Environment (Fontana), 384 Black Macho and the Myth of the Superwoman (Wallace), 292 Black Mountain College: John Cage performance at, 681—82, 687 Black Movie Star (Antin), 691 Black paintings, 69 Black Paintings (Reinhardt), 66 Blake, Peter, 282 Blasted Allegories: An Anthology of Writings by Contemporary Artists (Wallis, ed.), 5-6 Blasted Allegories (Baldessari), 814 Boccioni, 19 Bochner, Mel, 578, 806-7, 828-33 Body art: body as "tool" (Willoughby Sharp), 690; and feminist identity, 682—83, 689; of Georges Mathieu, 680-81; as performative, 679-80; use of narrative in, 690; of Viennese actionism, 687-89 Bok (Roth), 283 Boll, Heinrich, 583 Bolotowsky, Ilya, 67, 90in6 Boltanski, Christian, 501, 515-18 Bonnard, Pierre, 17 Book art, 291, 807-8, 910014 Bookworks, 283—84, 291, 583 Bornstein, Eli, 66 Born to Be Sold: Martha Rosier Reads the Strange Case of Baby S/M (Rosier), 394 Bourgeois, Louise, 16, 38-41 Boyle, Mark, 1, 903-4113 Bragi, Einar, 284 Braithwait, Fred, 293 Brakhage, Stan, 392 Brancusi, Constantin, 15 Bravura (Kirkeby), 21, 59 Breaths (Penone), 586 Brecht, Bertolt, 6, 174 Brecht, George, 288, 333-35, 682, 685 Bremer, Claus, 284 Brennan, Patrick, 815 Breton, André, 13, 505, 683 The Bride Stripped Bare by Her Bachelors, Even (Duchamp), 283 Brisley, Stuart, 906m British Independent Group, 282, 283 Broodthaers, Marcel, 812, 868-72, 907m 8 Brooks, Ronald (pseud. R. B. Kitaj), 171, 221-22 Brouwn, Stanley, 811, 861-64 Brown, Denise Scott, 283 Brown, Joan, 288 Brown, Kathan, 691 Brown, Trisha, 287 Browne, Byron, 90in6 Brus, Günter, 687, 688, 754—55 Bryson, Norman, 4 Buddha University ( formerly New York Correspondence School), 291 Bundle (Flanagan), 584 Burden, Chris, 690-91, 768—73 Buren, Daniel, xx, 70-71, 140-49 Bürgin, Victor, 810, 853—58 INDEX 985 Burn, Ian, 808, 809 Burnham, Jack, 394, 806 Burnham, Linda Frye, 9o8n26 Burri, Alberto, 19, 54-55, 585 Burroughs, William, 284, 389 Bury, Pol, 285 Bush, George, 175 Cafe Deutschland (Immendorff), 174 Cafe Society (Marioni), 691 Cage, John, 287, 288, 391, 681—82, 685, 707-9 Cahier de l'École Sociologique Interrogative (Fischer), 813 California Institute of the Arts (Valencia), 72, 291 Camels (Graves), 579 Campus, Peter, 392 Cane, Louis, 70 Capogrossi, Giuseppe, 65 Caravaggio, 69 Caro, Anthony, 67, 68, 103-7, 506, 584 Carrington, Eleanora, 13 Castellani, Enrico, 65, 387 Castelli, Leo, 287 The Cathedral of Erotic Misery (later Merzbau, Schwitters), 499 Ceau^escu, Nicolae, 286 Celant, Germano, 585, 662-66 Censorship: figuration and, 175 Cercle et Carre (1930), 63 Cercle et Carre (Paris), 63 Chance-Imagery (Brecht), 288 Chandler, John, 806, 850—53 Charlesworth, Sarah, 808, 809 Cheval, Ferdinand, 499—500 "Chew and Digest" party (Latham), 584, 812, 865 Chia, Sandro, 173 Chicago, Judy (b. Judy Gerowitz), 72, 291—92, 358-62, 692 Chicago Mural Group, 175 Chillida, Eduardo, 68, 502, 522-24 Chipp, Herschel B., xix, xxi, xxii Chopin, Henri, 900n3 Christo (b. Christo Javacheff), 504-5, 547-56 Cibulka, Heinz, 689 Cincinnati Art Museum, 388 Clark, Kathryn, 581, 625—28 Clark, Lydia, 684 Clark, Timothy J., 4 Claura, Michel, 9ioni4 Clemente, Francesco, 173, 174, 261-63 Clert, Iris, 804 Close, Chuck, 172, 232-37 Club 57 (New York), 293 Cobbing, Bob, 90on3 Cobra (1949-51), 170 COBRA (Coalition of Black Revolutionary Artists), 292 CoBrA group, 12, 170, 681 Cockcroft, Eva, 17 Codex Artaud (Spero), 173 Cohen Gan, Pinchas, 586, 676—78 COLAB (Collaborative Projects, New York), 293 Collages, 72, 171, 284, 288, 290-91, 356, 384 The collected shit and its branches (Roth), 284 Collectif d'Art Sociologique (Paris), 813 Combine paintings, 287 Comics: as pop art source, 284, 289 Computer art, 394—96 "Concept Art" (Flynt), 805 Conceptual art: alternative spaces for, 807, 815, 894-95; artists' texts and, 7; commercialization/ assimilation of, 814—15; conceptual structure of art, 804-5, 806, 809, 90902; earth art and, 505; exhibitions of, 805—6, 909n6; Henry Flynt on, 820-22; happenings and, 810-11; as heterogenous category, 805—6; Joseph Kosuth's examination of, 808; Sol LeWitt on, 822, 824—27; linguistic construction of, 804, 805; monochrome derivation of, 811; repositioning strategies of, 806, 812, 909—1009; social/political agenda of, 812—14, 815—16; as stylistic movement, 805; theoretical developments in, 808—10; James Turrell on, 909112. See also Process Concrete art, 63-66, 74. See also Geometric abstraction Concrete poetry, 64, 284, 900n3 986 INDEX "Concrete Poetry Manifesto" (Fahlström), 284 The Condemned (Appel), 170, 209—10 Conner, Bruce, 287-88, 326-33, 903-403 Corbusier, Le, 390 Corcoran Gallery (Washington, D.C.), 175 Cornell, Joseph, 499, 509-10 Corps de Dames (Dubuffet), 169 Corrected Perspectives (Dibbets), 584 Corris, Michael, 808 Corso, Gregory, 683 La couleur seule: l'expérience du monochrome (exhibition, 1989), 90107 "Un coup de des jamais n'abolira le hasard" (Mallarmé), 812 Cowans, Adger W, 293 Crafts: artistic status of, 71-73, 291-92 Cragg, Tony, 286-87, 320-21 Critical theory: application and legitimation of, I, 4-5; artist texts' importance to, 8-9; displacement of authority by, 5-7; and originality notion, 73, 294; theory industry, 5 Critique, 66 Crossroads Community (The Farm) (Sherk), 9o6n8 Cubism, 12, 15, 67, 68 Cucchi, Enzo, 173 Cunningham, Merce, 287 Cybernetics, 384-85, 396 Cybernetics, or Control and Communication in the Animal and the Machine (Wiener), 384 Cybernetic Serendipity (exhibition, 1968), 394 Cyborgs, 385, 90302 Cysp I (Schöffer), 385 Czechoslovakia, 686-87 Dada, 18, 308 Dada: Documents of a Movement (exhibition, 1959). 679 Dada Painters and Poets (Motherwell, ed.), 679 D'Agostino, Peter, 393, 456-59 Dali, Salvador, 13 Darboven, Hanne, 811 Darmstadt Circle group, 284 Dau al Cet (Barcelona), 20 Davies, Hugh M., 628-31 Davis, Douglas, 391-92, 437 Davis, Gene, 67 Dawetas, Démosthènes, 515-18 Dead Sea Scrolls sanctuary (Kiesler), 500 "The Death of the Author" (Barthes), 5 Debord, Guy, 681, 704—6 De Campos, Augusto, 90003 De Campos, Haroldo, 90003 "The Decline and Fall of the Avant-Garde" (Hughes), 908024 Dé-coll/age: Bulletin aktueller Ideen (1962-69), 685 Dé-coll/age happenings, 684, 723-25 Deconstruction, 3, 810, 814 Decorative tradition: feminist reexamination of, 71-73, 291-92 DeFeo, Jay, 288 Le degré zéro de l'écriture (Barthes), 66, 90107 Dekkers, Ad, 66, 85—86 De Kooning, Willem, 169, 197—99, 283, 804 Delaroche, Paul, 172 Demarco, Hugo Rodolfo, 387 De Maria, Walter, 503, 526-30, 578 Democracy (Ault, Ashford, and Gonzales- Torres), 816 Demonstration for Capitalist Realism (Richter), 286 Denes, Agnes, 504, 540—45 DePillars, Murry N., 293 De Rivera, Jose, 68 Derrida, Jacques, 811 De Saiiit-Phalle, Niki, 285, 312 Descharnes, Robert, 680 De Stijl movement, 64, 500 Destruction art: dé-coll/age principle of, 684, 723—25; of Group AKTUAL, 686; of Gustav Metzger, 385-86, 903-403; of Raphael Montanez Ortiz, 683-84, 722-23; shoot paintings, 285; of SRL, 388-89 Destruction in Art Symposium (DIAS, London), 386 De Villéglé, Jacques, 684 De Vries, Herman, 66 Dezeuze, Daniel, 70 Diamonstein, Barbaralee, 322-23 Dias, Al, 293 DIAS (Destruction in Art Symposium, London), 386 Dibbets, Jan, 584, 657—62 INDEX 987 Dienst, Rolf Günter, 314—17 Die (Smith), 69 Digital Dreams and Virtual Worlds (exhibition, 1990), 395 Tire Dinner Party (Judy Chicago), 291—92 Dioramas, 499 Direct art (Mühl, Brus), 687-89 Directed Seedling—Canceled Crop (Oppenheim), 504 Dissent, 66 Documenta (Germany), 386, 391 Doesburg, Theo van, 63 Donaldson, Jeff, 292, 366-69 Dörfles, Gilles, 65 Double Negative (Heizer), 502, 503 Dubuflet, Jean, 12, 18, 20, 169, 192-97, 293 Duchamp, Marcel, 13, 283, 392, 505, 804, 818-21, 909m Dufrêne, François, 684 Dupin, Jacques, 189 Dürer, Albrecht, 813 Dwan Gallery (New York), 503, 805, 909n4 Earth art, S03-8. See also Installations Earth Mound (Bayer), 503 Earthworks (exhibition, 1968), 503 Eastern Europe, 686—87, 809 Eat-Art Gallery (Spoerri), 285 Eat-Art Restaurant (Spoerri), 285 EAT (Experiments in Art and Technology), 388 Eccentric Abstraction (exhibition, 1966, Lippard), 577 Ecology: as earth art concern, 503, 504, 505, 506, 507-8; process approach to, 581, 9o6n8 Eco, Umberto, 907m 8 Editions Mat (Multiplication d'Art Transformable), 285 Edmondson, Bill, 416-19 18 Happenings in 6 Parts (Kaprow), 682 18 Paris IV70 (exhibition, 1970), 910M4 Einstein on the Beach (Wilson), 389 Electronic Abstractions (Laposky), 394 The Electronic Diary (Hershman), 393 El Paso group (Madrid), 20 Elvis Presley (Johnson), 290 Emotion: and reason, 7—8 Endo and Nano: Tire World from Within (exhibition, 1992), 395 Enough is Enough (Finley), 693 Environments: sculpture as, 500—501, 502. See also Installations Enzensberger, Hans Magnus, 5 Equippe 57 (Spain), 388 Erased de Kooning (Rauschenberg), 804 Ernst, Max, 13, 505 Errò (b. Gudmundur Gudmundsson), 682 Escobedo, Helen, 68 Estes, Richard, 172, 237—41 Euler, Leonhard, 806 Europe: art informel movement in, 17, 18—20; surrealist tradition of, 12, 13, 17-18 Evans, Walker, 294 Event scores, 288, 685, 686 Eventstructure Research Group, 395 "Event Structure" theory (Latham), 811 Exat 51 (former Yugoslavia), 90408 Existentialism: figuration and, 169, 173 Expanded Cinema (Youngblood), 392 Experiments in Art and Technology (EAT), 388 Export, Valie, 395, 689, 755-56 Exposition of Music—Electronic Television (Paik), 391 Extraordinary Popular Delusion & The Madness of Crowds (Mackay), 389 Eye Body (Schneemann), 682—83, 688 Face Farces (Rainer), 173, 247—48 Fahlström, Öyvind, 284, 304-6, 90003 Fashion Moda (New York), 293 Fautrier, Jean, 18, 20, 169, 191 Federal Plaza (New York), 579 Feingold, Michael, 693 Feminist Art Program (California Institute of the Arts), 72, 291 Feminist projects: exposing gender stereotypes, 294, 905-607; HON celebration, 285; of performance artists, 392, 393—94, 682—83, 689, 692; on status of crafts, 71-73, 291-92 Feminist Studio Workshop (Los Angeles), 291, 692 988 INDEX FEMMAGE (term, Schapiro, Meyer), 72 Ferber, Herbert, 15, 500 Fernsehgalerie Schum (later Videogalerie Schum, Essen), 392, 584 Ferus Gallery (Los Angeles), 501 Festival de la Libre Expression (exhibition, Paris), 683, 686 Festival of Misfits (exhibition, 1962, London), 285, 686 Festivals, 683, 685. See also Fluxus; Happenings Fetter, William A., 394 Fiber art, 173 Fibonacci, Leonardo, 585, 806 Field theory, 396 Figuration: in abstract sculptures, 16; and censorship, 175; existentialist position of, 169, 173; German expressionism and, 170; "new image painters" of, 174; Philip Pearlstein on, 229—32; in realist tradition, 171-72; strategies of distortion in, 173; unexpected exploration of, 12, 168 Filliou, Robert, 285, 288, 686, 731-36 Filmmaking, 288, 395 "The Fine Arts in the Mass Media" (McHale), 282 Finlay, Ian Hamilton, 506, 900n3 Finley, Karen, 690, 693, 794-99 First Work Series (Walther), 583 Fischer, Hervé, 813, 884-85 Fischer, Konrad, 909n6 Fischi, Eric, 174, 265-66 Fishbach Gallery (New York), 577 FIU (Free International University for Creativity and Interdisciplinary Research), 583 557,087 (exhibition, 1969), 909n6 A Five Year Plan for the Reconstruction and Development of South Korea (Filliou), 686 Flag for the Moon: Die Nigger (Ringgold), 292 The Flag Show (New York), 292 The Flag Story (Ringgold and Posey), 292 Flanagan, Barry, 584, 654-57, 812 Flash Art (1967-present), 9o8n26 Flavin, Dan, 69, 125-26 Fleck, John, 694 Fleischner, Richard, 506 Fluxus: and Eastern European liberation, 686- 87; event scores of, 288, 685, 686; formation of, 685; linguistic devices of, 685-86; George Maciunas on, 726-28; Robert Morris's break with, 578, 905114; video recordings of, 391 Flynt, Henry, 578, 804-5, 820-22 F-i 11 (Rosenquist), 290, 347-49 Fontana, Lucio, 18-19, 48-5L 63, 65, 384, 387 Food events (Spoerri), 284—85 Forest, Fred, 813 Forlag Editions press, 284 Formalism, 2, 4, 15; and anti-form, 577-78 For Self-Management Art (Popovic), 809 Forte, Simone, 578 Foucault, Michel, 5, 73, 294 Fountain (Duchamp), 804 The Fox (1975-76), 692, 808, 809 Fox, Terry, 506, 691 Frampton, Hollis, 4, 392 France, 17-18 Francis, Sam, 15 Franco, Francisco, 20 Frankenthaler, Helen, 14—15, 28-31, 67, 68 Franklin Furnace, 693 Free International University for Creativity and Interdisciplinary Research (FIU), 583 Freud, Lucian, 171, 219-21 Fried, Howard, 691 Fried, Michael, 70 Front Unique (1960-61), 683 Fry, Edward, 8x3 Fry, Roger, 16 Fuller, Peter, 103-7 Fulton, Hamish, 506 Fun Gallery (New York), 293 Fuses (Schneeman), 683 Futurists, 170 GAAG (Guerrilla Art Action Group), 292, 684 Galaxies (Kiesler), 500 Galerie Azimuth (Milan), 65 Galerie Denise René (Paris), 68 Galerie Iris Clert (Paris), 65 Galerie René Drouin (Paris), 18, 64 Galleria La Bertesca (Genoa), 585 INDEX 989 Gallery One (London), 686 Garcia-Rossi, Horatio, 387 Gamier, Pierre, 900n3 Gates, Henry Louis, Jr., 6 Geldzahler, Henry, 28-31, 295 Genetic Art (exhibition, 1993), 395 Geometric abstraction: CoBrA's opposition to, 170; concretization emphasis in, 63-64, 65-66; decorative tradition of, 72-73; hard edge of, 67; and kinetics, 68; midcentury repudiation of, 12; minimalist identification with, 69-70; obscured conflicts of, 71; of serial systems, 64 German expressionism: and figuration, 170, 174 German Student Party, 583 Germany, 19—20, 174 Gerowitz, Judy. See Chicago, Judy Gerstner, Karl, 64 Gesamtkunstwerk (a total work of art), 685 Gestural abstraction: and function of process, 289, 577, 583; of New York school, 14-16; 1980s resurgence of, 20-21; in postwar Europe, 17-20; surrealism influence on, 12, 13. H Ghent, Henri, 171, 216 Giacometti, Alberto, 12, 169, 189-90, 90609 Gibson, William, 90302 Gillette, Frank, 392, 440—43 Gilliam, Sam, Jr., 580, 615—17 Ginsberg, Allen, 683 Glarner, Fritz, 64, 90in6 Glaser, Bruce, 117—24 Glass, Gertrude, 90in6 Gleizes, Albert, 64 Goeritz, Mathias, 68, 500, 9O0n3 Goethe, Johann, 71 Goldsworthy, Andy, 506 Golub, Leon, 173, 241-44 Gomringer, Eugen, 284 Gonzales-Torres, Felix, 816 Gonzalez, Julio, 15 Good Morning, Mr. Orwell (Paik), 391 Gorin, Jean, 64, 66 Gottlieb, Adolph, 5, 13, 70 Goya, Francisco de, 11 Graeser, Camille, 64 Graffiti art, 283, 293 Graham, Dan, 578, 807, 833-37 Graham, Martha, 502 Grapefruit (Ono), 686 Graves, Nancy, 578—79, 597-600 GRAV (Groupe de Recherche d'Art Visuel), 387, 411-12, 90408 Gray, Spalding, 690 Great Bear Pamphlets, 685 Great Britain, 282 Green, Balcomb, 90in6 Greenberg, Clement: as artists' advocate, 16, 67-68; and "chew and digest" party, 584, 812, 865; formalism of, 4, 15; on hard edge painting, 67; on modernism, 2 The Green Box (Duchamp), 283 Grey, Alex and Allyson, 778—83 Grey Gallery (New York University), 508 Grigorescu, Ion, 286, 319-20 Gris, Juan, 11 Groeneveld, Dirk, 395 Group AKTUAL (Prague), 687 Groupe BMPT (Paris), 70 Groupe de l'Art Sociologique (Paris), 813 Groupe de Recherche d'Art Visuel. See GRAV Group Material (New York), 9, 394, 815-16, 894-95 Group Nul, 66 Grundmann, Heidi, 758 Gruppo N (Padua), 388 Gruppo T (Milan), 388 Gudmundsson, Gudmunder (pseud. Errò), 682-83 Guerrilla Art Action Group (GAAG), 292, 684 Guggenheim, Peggy, 500 Guggenheim Museum (New York), 70, 813 Guilbaut, Serge, 17 Guston, Philip, 172-73, 249-53 Gutai (1955-65), 680 Gutai Group (Concrete Group, Japan), 680, 694, 695-98 Guttuso, Renato, 168, 178-80 Haacke, Hans, 809, 812-13, 872, 874-81 Haftmann, Werner, 18 990 INDEX Hains, Raymond, 684 Halley, Peter, 73, 165-67, 814, 898n6 Halprin, Anna, 578 Hals, Frans, 171 Hamilton, Ann, 581, 625-28 Hamilton, Richard, 282, 283, 296-302 Hand Catching Lead (Serra), 579 Hansen, Al, 682 Happenings: John Cage's anticipation of, 287, 681-82; and conceptual art, 810-11; déçoit/ age, 684, 723—25; Demonstration for Capitalist Realism, 286; Allan Kaprow's guidelines for, 682, 709—14; liberation theme of, 682-83, 686—87; of Claes Oldenburg, 289; shoot paintings, 285; Ben Vautier on, 730-31; video recordings of, 391. See also Fluxus; Performance art Hard edge painting, 67 Hare, David, 15 Haring, Keith, 293, 369-71 Harris, Michael D., 293 Harrison, Charles, 809, 815 Harrison, Helen Meyer, 507—8, 566—71 Harrison, Newton, 507-8, 566-71 Härtung, Hans, 18 Haslam, Leslie, 906m Hausmann, Raoul, 813 Havel, Vaclav, 687 Heap (Flanagan), 584 Heartfield, John, 813 Hebdige, Dick, 282 Heckert, Matthew, 389 Hedrick, Wally, 288 Heizer, Michael, 502, 503, 534-36 Heller, Preston, 808 Helms, Jesse, 175, 273-74 Henderson, Napoleon Jones, 293 Hendricks, Jon, 292, 684 Henry, Pierre, 385 Herbert, Robert L., xxi Herbin, Auguste, 64 Heresies, 72, 394 Herms, George, 288 Hershman, Lynn, 393, 460-61 Hesse, Eva, 578, 593_97 Het Parool (Jordaan), 813 Higgins, Dick, 682, 728-30 Higgins, Richard, 685 High Performance (1975—present), 908026 Hills, Patricia, 213 Hirshhorn Museum (Washington, D.C.), 581, 626-28 Hochschule fur Gestaltung (Ulm), 64 Hockney, David, 171, 222-28 Hoech, Hannah, 813 Hofmann, Hans, 16, 67, 71 Holocaust Project (Judy Chicago), 292 Holt, Nancy, 504, 536-40 Holtzman, Harry, 90in6 Holzer, Jenny, 814, 815, 886-90 Homage to New York (Tinguely), 386 Homage to the Square (Albers), 68, 107-8 Homes for America (Graham), 807 Homophobia, 293—94 HON (de Saint-Phalle), 285 Honeybees: as sculptural medium (Thompson), 582, 90609 Honig, Ethelyn, 593 Hood, William, 4 Hopper, Dennis, 288 Hopps, Walter, 501, 909m Horkheimer, Max, 5 Horn, Rebecca, 583-84, 652-54 Hostages (Fautrier), 169 Houedard, Dom Sylvester, 90003 How New York Stole the Idea of Modern Art (Guilbaut), 17 Hsieh, Tehching, 692, 778-83 Huber, Jörg, 255 Huebler, Douglas, 808, 840 Hughes, Holly, 694 Hughes, Patrick, 287-88 Hughes, Robert, 689, 908024 Hulten, K. G. Pontus, 386 Human figure. See Figuration Hunter, Elliot, 292 Hurrell, Harold, 809 "I Am a Catalan" (Tàpies), 20, 55 I Ching (Book of Changes), 67, 7L 682 Identifications (exhibition, 1970), 392 INDEX 991 If You Lived Here . . . (1987-89), 394 1KB (International Klein Blue), 65, 681 ImmendorfF, Jörg, 174, 255-57 Immersion (Thompson), 90ón9 Indiana, Robert, 290 Inert Gas Series (Barry), 806 Inflammatory Essays (Holzer), 814 Information (exhibition, 1970), 806 Informel art. See Art informel Ingres, Jean-Auguste-Dominique, 171 Installations: of artists' texts, 814; of cartographic images, 508; categoriés of outdoor, 507, 572-73; conceptual value of, 586; of destructive kinetic art, 385-86, 388-89; by earth artists, 502—4, 505—6; of environmental sculpture, 500-501, 502; experimentation with process in, 580-81; minimalist, 506—7; organic-industrial juxtaposition in, 585-86; as perspectival investigations, 584; photographic, 501; social relations' intersection with, 579, 582, 586; by unschooled artists, 499; urban, 504, 505 Institute of Contemporary Arts (London), 282, .394, 90on3, 90904 "Institute of Permanent Creation" (Filliou), 686 Interim (Kelly), 811 Interior Scroll (Schneemann), 683 Intermedia (Higgins), 685, 694, 728-29 International Computer Networking Project, 396 Internationale Situationniste (1958-69), 681 International Klein Blue (1KB), 65, 681 International Symposia on Electronic Art (exhibition), 395 Inter-Society for the Electronic Arts (ISEA), 395 Interview, 290 Ireland, Patrick, 506 Irrwisch (Will-o-the-wisp, Brus), 688 Irwin, Robert, 388, 507, 572-74 ISEA (Inter-Society for the Electronic Arts), 395 ISMI (Institute for the Study of Mental Images), 811 Isou, Isidore, 907n4 Israel, 586 Israel, Marvin, 294 Italy, 18-19 Izenour, Steven, 283 Jaggar, Alison M., 7, 899n29 Jameson, Fredric, 3 Janov, Arthur, 684, 907ni2 January 5-31, 196g, 808 Jappe, Georg, 881-84 Jarden, Richards, 693 Jarrell, Jae, 293 Jarrell, Wadsworth À., 292 Jaudon, Valerie, 72, 73, 154-64 Javacheff, Christo (pseud. Christo), 504—5, 547-56 Jensen, Alfred, 71, 149-50 Jewish Museum (New York), 70, 72, 394, 806 Jin Xian paper mill (Anhui), 287 Johns, Jasper, 65, 287, 289, 290, 323-26 Johnson, Poppy, 684 Johnson, Ray, 290-91, 356 Jones-Hogu, Barbara J., 292 Jordan, Larry, 288 Judd, Donald, 69, 114-24, 809 Juno, Andrea, 389, 904ml Just What Is It That Makes Today's Homes So Different, So Appealing? (Hamilton), 283 Kandinsky, Wassily, 12, 63 Kant, Immanuel, 2 Kantor, Tadeusz, 20, 58-59 Kaprow, Allan, 289, 290, 391, 394; on artistic authority, 5; Robert Filliou and, 686, 732—36; on guidelines for happenings, 682, 709-14 Kardon, Janet, 274—80 Kawara, On, 811 Kelly, Ellsworth, 67, 92-93, 290, 387 Kelly, Mary, 810, 858-61 Kepes, Gyorgy, 387 Kern, George (pseud. Georg Baselitz), 170, 254-55 Kids of Survival (KOS, South Bronx), 815 Kiefer, Anselm, 21, 61-62 Kienholz, Edward, 500-501, 514-15, 804 992 INDEX Kienholz, Nancy Reddin, 501 Kiesler, Frederick, 500, 510—11 Kinetic art: abstraction and, 68; destructive installations of, 385-86, 388-89; Takis's "signals" 386, 904n4 King, Phillip, 506 King of Solana Beach (Antin), 691 Kirkeby, Per, 20-21, 59-60 Kitaj, R. B. (b. Ronald Brooks), 171, 221—22 Klauke, Jürgen, 690 Klein, Yves, xx, 65, 66, 81, 284, 500, 681 Klüver, Billy, 287, 388, 412—15 Knizak, Milan, 686-87, 739-44 Knowles, Alison, 685 Koestler, Arthur, 66 Kontova, Helena, 9o8n26 Konzeption-Conception (exhibition), 90906 Koons, Jeff, 294-95, 380-83, 814 KOS. See Kids of Survival Kossoff, Leon, 171 Kosuth, Joseph, 7-8, 808, 809, 840—47 Kotanyi, Attila, 681 Kounellis, Jannis, 585, 666—71 KozlofF, Joyce, 72-73, 154-64 Kozloff, Max, 17 Kozlov, Christine, 809 Kramer, Hilton, 295 Krauss, Rosalind, 393, 809 Krebs, Rockne, 388 Kröller-Müller Museum (Holland), 503 Krueger, Myron W., 394-95 473_86 Kruger, Barbara, 294, 376—78, 814, 815 Kubota, Shigeko, 392, 443-45, 904013 Kuhn, Thomas, 1 Kulterman, Udo, 90in7 Kunitz, Stanley, 295 Kunsthalle (Bern), 505 Kunstverein fur Rhineland und Westfalen, 679 Kushner, Robert, 72 Kuspit, Donald, 16, 38-41 Laboratory of Design-Correlation (Columbia University), 500 Labowitz, Leslie, 692 Lacan, Jacques, 810 Lacy, Suzanne, 692, 783-87 Lamantia, Philip, 288 Land Art (exhibition, 1968), 392 Land-art movement, 503—8 Landbergis, Vytautas, 687 Lang, Jack, 65 Langsner, Jules, 67 Language: in body art, 690; Stanley Brouwn on, 862—64; as conceptual construct of art, 804, 805; John Latham on, 811-12; and linguistic signing, 685-86, 907018; in performance art, 680; in process art, 579; as visual medium, 805—6, 807, 808, 814, 90on3 Language IV (exhibition, 1970), 90904 Language to Be Looked at and/or Things to Be Read (exhibition, 1967), 805 Language II (exhibition, 1968), 90904 Laposky, Ben F., 394 The Large Class (Duchamp), 283 Laser art exhibition, 388 Laser Light—A New Visual Art (exhibition, 1969), 388 Lassaw, Ibram, 15, 90in6 Latham, John, 584, 811-12, 864-68 Lawrence, Carolyn, 292 Laysiepen, Uwe (pseud. Ulay), 689-90, 758-59 Leap Into Space (Klein), 681 Learning from Las Vegas (Venturi, Brown, and Izenour), 283 Lebel, Jean-Jacques, 683, 686, 718-22 Lebel, Robert, 679 Léger, Fernand, 168, 176—78, 294 The Legible City (Shaw), 395, 487-89 Lennon, John, 686, 907m 2 Leonardo, 394 Leonardo da Vinci, 71 Le Parc, Julio, 387 Leslie, Alfred, 171-72 Lettrists, 681, 90704 Le Va, Barry, 580, 609-14 Levine, Sherrie, 294, 379, 814, 815 Le Witt, Sol, 389, 578, 805, 809 Lichtenstein, Roy, 283, 289, 337—39 The Lightning Field (De Maria), 503, 507, 527-30 INDEX 993 Lin, Maya, 502, 524-25 A Line Made by Walking (Long), 506 Linguistic signing, 685-86, 907m8 "Lining the Wild Bee" (Thompson), 906n9 Lippard, Lucy, 506, 560, 577, 693, 806, 814- 15, 850-53, 909^6 Lippold, Richard, 15 Lipton, Seymour, 15 Lissitzky, El, 500 Lisson, Robert, 9ioni4 Literaturwurst (Roth), 283 "Living Close to the Knives" (Wojnarowicz), 294 Living (Holzer), 814 Living Theatre (Malina), 683 The Location of Culture (Bhabha), 694 Log Piece (Andre), 503 Logsdail, Fiona, 9ioni4 Logsdail, Nicholas, 910M4 Lohse, Richard Paul, 64—65, 77-78 London Artists Union, 810 Long, Richard, 506—7, 563—66 Lorna (Hershman), 393 Lotrìnger, Sylvère, 550-56 Louis, Morris, 15, 67 Low, Jackson Mac, 682, 805 Luna, James, 694, 799-803 L'Unita, 585 Lyotard, Jean François, 7-8 Lyrical abstraction, il, 18—19 McClure, Michael, 288 McConnell, Kim, 72 Mach, Jan, 686 Mach, Vit, 686 McHale, John, 282 Maciunas, George, 685, 726-28, 805 Mack, Fïeinz, 387, 410-11 Mackay, Charles, 389 McLaughlin, Mundy, 815 McLuhan, Marshall, 392 MAC (Movimento per l'Arte Concreta), 65. See also Concrete art McNeill, George, 90in6 McShine, Kynaston, 70, 806 Magritte, René, 812 Mail art, 291 "Maintenance Art" (Ukeles), 581, 622—24 "Male gaze" 294 Malevich, Kasimir, 294 Malina, Frank, 394 Malina, Judith, 683 Mallarmé, Stéphane, 15, 812 Malraux, André, 11, 169, 191 Mandle, Julia Barnes, 799-803 Mangold, Robert, 580 "Manifesto bianco" (Fontana), 18, 48 "Manifesto" (Niewenhuys), 170 "Manifesto of the 121: Declaration of the Right of Insubordination in the Algerian War" 683 "Manifesto I: Sociological Art" (Fischer, Forest, and Thenot), 813 "Manifesto spazialismo" (Fontana), 65 Man Ray (weimaraner), 393 Manzoni, Piero, xx, 65, 66, 79-80, 387, 900-90in5, 907018 Mapplethorpe, Robert, 175, 274-80, 809 Marcel Duchamp (Lebel), 679 Marden, Brice, 70, 138-40 Marioni, Tom, 691, 775—78 Marsh, Reginald, 289 Martin, Agnes, 70, 128—38 Martin, Fred, 288 Marxism, 4, 68, 170 Maslow, Abraham H., 66 Mass media: art's appropriation of, 807; deconstruction of, 810; expansion in visual arts of, 3, 282—83; gender stereotypes of, 294; public's participation in, 813-14 Masson, André, 13 Material (1957-59), 285 Materialaktion (material action, Mühl), 688, 750-51 Mathieu, Georges, 18, 680-81, 694, 698, 700-703 Matisse, Henri, 17, 294 Matko Mestrovic (Zagreb), 387 Matta, Roberto, 13, 505 Matta-Clark, Gordon, 505, 506, 557-58 Maya Hieroglyphic Writing (Thompson), 71 994 INDEX Maze (Aycock), 506, 558—60 Meat Joy (Schneemann), 683 Medalla, David, 90404 Menard, Andrew, 808 Merde d'artiste (Manzoni), 65, 900—90105 Merleau-Ponty, Maurice, 507 Merz, Mario, 585-86, 671—74 Merzbau (formerly The Cathedral of Erotic Misery, Schwitters), 499 Messer, Thomas, 813 Messerschmidt, Franz Xavier, 173 Metropolitan Museum of Art (New York), 72 Metzger, Gustav, 385-86, 401-4, 903-403 Meyer, Melissa, xx, 72, 151-54 Michaud, Yves, 31-34 Michaux, Henri, 18, 46-47 Michelson, Annette, 809 Mies van der Rohe, Ludwig, 500 Milan, 18-19 Military culture: pop art's inclusion of, 285-86, 290; SRL's satirization of, 388-89 Miller, Tim, 694 Minujin, Marta, 391 Minimalism: aesthetic implications of, 805; as "anti-order" 577; of land installations, 506—7; and object status of art, 69, 70 Miranda, Garcia, 387 Mirò, Joan, 13, 294 Mirrored Room (Samaras), 290 Mitchell, Joan, 15, 31-34 Mitchell, W. J. T., 5 MOCA (Museum of Conceptual Art, San Francisco), 691 Moderna Museet (Stockholm), 285 Modern Artists on Art: Ten Unabridged Essays (Herbert), xxi Modernism: abstraction's equation with, 168; cybernetic transit from, 385; figuration's rejection of, 172; Clement Greenberg on, 2; postmodernist contingency versus, 2-3 "Modernist Painting" (Greenberg), 2 Moholy-Nagy, Lâszlô, 384, 500 Moisan, Jim, 772—73 MOMA. See Museum of Modern Art Momentum group (Chicago), 173 Mondrian, Piet, 17, 65, 66, 170, 294 Mongoloid (Conner), 288 Monochrome Malerei (exhibition, 1961), 90107 Monochrome paintings, 65, 66, 67, 70, 287, 584; conceptual art and, 811; zero point of, 66, 90in7 Montano, Linda, 691, 692, 778-83 Monte, Jim, 577—78 "Monuments" (photographic installations), 501 Moore, Henry, 68, 168 Moorman, Charlotte, 391 Morellet, François, 387 Morin, France, 617-22 Morris, George L. K., 90in6 Morris, Robert, 70; exploration of process by, 578; and Fluxus, 905n4; "Notes on Sculpture Part III" 588-93; outdoor installations of, 503, 506; and sexism, 905-6n7; on structures of art forms, 805 Mortensen, Richard, 64 Motherwell, Robert, 13, 14, 26—28, 679 "Moticos" (Johnson), 290—91, 356 Le Mouvement (exhibition, 1955), 68 A Movie (Conner), 288 Movimento per l'Arte Concreta (MAC, Concrete Art Movement), 65. See also Concrete art Mudd Club (New York), 293 Mühl, Otto, 687, 688, 750-54, 907ni2 Müller-Brockmann, Joseph, 64 Multiples, 68-69, 285 Mulvey, Laura, 294, 810 Munari, Bruno, 65 Munger, Peter, 189 Munro, Eleanor, 3 63 Muntadas, Antonio, 393 Murakami, Saburo, 680 Murals, I74~75. 269-73, 293 El Museo del Barrio (New York), 684 Museum of Conceptual Art (MOCA, San Francisco), 691 Museum of Contemporary Art (Chicago), 505 Museum of Modern Art (New York): assemblage exhibitions, 386, 500; conceptual art, 806; The New American Painting, 16-17; new figuration, 169; Symposium on Pop Art, 295; technology program, 391 INDEX 995 Naked Lunch (Burroughs), 284 Nash, David, 506 National Endowment for the Arts (NEA), 175, 280-81, 694 Native Americans, 693-94 Nauman, Bruce, 392, 579-80, 604—7, 690, 691,814 NEA. See National Endowment for the Arts Neel, Alice, 171, 213—16 Nelson's Column (Trafalgar Square), 390 Nemser, Cindy, 232—37 Neoexpressionism, 20—21. see also Gestural abstraction Neri, Manuel, 288 Neuburg, Hans, 64 Neue Grafik (New Graphic Design), 64 Neuromancer (Gibson), 903n2 Nevelson, Louise (b. Louise Berliawsky), 500, 511-13 "New American painters." See New York school The New American Painting (exhibition, 1958, 1959). 17 New American Theater (Feingold, ed.), 693 "New image painters" 174 Newman, Barnett, 13, 14, 24—26 New York Correspondence School (NYCS, later Buddha University), 291 New York school: American world hegemony and, 17; artists of, 14-16; Alfred H. Barr on, 42-43; critics' advocacy of, 16; surrealist impact on, 13, 14, 899—90on2 Niewenhuys, Constant, 170, 204-8 Nigro, Mario, 65 9 Evenings: Theater and Engineering (exhibition, 1966), 388 Nineteenth-Century Theories of Art (Taylor), xix Nitsch, Hermann, 687-88, 747-50 Nochlin, Linda, 172 Noguchi, Isamu, xx, 15, 501—2, 518-22 Noigandres (Brazil), 90on3 Noland, Kenneth, 15, 67, 68, 94-98 "Notes and Nonsequiturs" (Morris), 578 Notes in Time on Women (Spero), 173 "Notes on Sculpture" (Morris), 578 Nouveaux Réalistes, 65, 284—85, 306-7, 501, 504 Nouvelle Tendance (The New Tendency), 388 NOVA'BILLY (Flynt), 805 The Nurse (Antin), 691 OBAC (Organization of Black American Culture), 293 Object status: of painting and sculpture, 69-70 October, 809 October 1975, 809 Ohara, Kimiko, 680 O'Keeffe, Georgia, 7 Oldenburg, Claes, 288-89, 290, 335-37, 388 Oldenburg, Patricia, 289 Oliva, Achile Bonita, 173 Olson, Charles, 681 OMT (Orgies Mysteries Theater), 687 Ono, Yoko, 578, 736-39, 907ni2 "On the Poverty of Student Life" (Situationist International), 681 "Op art" 68. see also Pop art Op Losse Schroeven: Situaties en Cryptostructuren (exhibition, 1969), 909n6 Oppenheim, Dennis, 415-16, 503-4, 534-36, 809 Organization of Black American Culture (OBAC), 293 Orgies Mysteries Theater (OMT), 687 Originality: critiques of, 73, 294 Ortiz, Raphael Montanez, 682-83, 722-23 "O Superman" (Anderson), 389 Out of Control (exhibition, 1991), 395 Paik, Nam June, 391, 431-36 Paladino, Mimo, 173 Palais idéal (Cheval), 499 "Pandemonium" Manifesto (Baselitz), 170 Panofsky, Erwin, 66 Paolozzi, Eduardo, 282 Paper Tiger Television (PTTV), 394 — "Paradigm shift" concept, 1 "Paragraphs on Conceptual Art" (LeWitt), 805 Paris, 17, 64 Paris, Harold, 500 Pascali, Pino, 285-86, 313-14 996 INDEX Pattern and Decorative Arts Group (New York), 72 Pauline, Mark, 388, 389, 415-20, 904ml Paz, Octavio, 18, 499, 509—10 Pearlstein, Philip, 171—72, 229-32 Peeters, Henk, 66 Pena, Luis, 522 Penone, Giuseppe, 586, 674-75 The People's Choice (later Arroz con Mango, exhibition), 815 Pepsi-Cola Pavilion (Expo '7°). 388 Performance art: Vito Acconci on, 759-66; earth art and, 505; emphasis on process of, 679, 680, 690; feminist projects of; 392, 393~94 682-83, 689, 692; film's fusion with, 395; food events, 284-85; forms and manifestations of, 680, 906m; as intermedia, 685, 694; liberation theme of, 682-83, 686-87, 689-90; linguistic signing, 685—86, 907ni8; Georges Mathieu and, 18, 680—81; photographic documentation of, 286, 290, 682-83, 690, 692-93; as private events, 682-83, 688-89, 690; as "social sculpture" 582-83; spectator's relationship to, 690—91; use of electronic technology in, 389, 390, 392-93, 680; video recordings of, 391; of Viennese actionism, 395, 687-89. see also Destruction art; Fluxus; Happenings Pevsner, Antoine, 63 Phenomenology of Perception (Merleau-Ponty), 507 Phillips, James, 293 Photography: Victor Bürgin on, 810, 853-58; distortion strategies of, 173; as documentation of performance, 286, 290, 682—83, 690, 692—93; mass-produced images of, 290-91, 294; and painting, 172, 286, 287, 289; of temporary installations, 584; as transformative process, 501 Photorealism: and figuration, 172 Physio-psycho-alchemy theory, 684 Picabia, Francis, 683 Picasso, Pablo, 15 Picelj, Ivan, 904n8 Pictures to Be Read/Poetry to Be Seen (exhibition, 1967), 909n4 Piene, Otto, 387, 408-10 Pignatari, Decio, 90003 Pile (Flanagan), 584 Pilkington, Philip, 810 Pincus-Witten, Robert, 577 Pindell, Howardina, 72 Pinot-Gallizio, Giuseppe, 681 Piper, Adrian, 692, 787-91 Piss Christ (Serrano), 175 Pistoletto, Michelangelo, 170, 586 Plastique (1937-39), 900m Plurimi (Vedova), 19 P.M., 66 Poems cinématographiques (Broodthaers), 812 Politi, Giancarlo, 9o8n26 Political art, xx Pollock, Jackson, 13, 14, 18, 22—24, 288, 680 Pont Neuf (Paris), 505 Pop art: African American, 292-93; assemblage movements of, 287—88, 500; bookworks of, 283-84; comic book sources of, 284, 289; commercial products usage in, 286-87, 295; inexpensive multiples of, 68-69, 285; as "kitsch" 2, 295; mass production of, 290, 291, 294-95; military inclusion in, 285-86, 290; three-stage development of, 282. See also Performance art Popovic, Zoran, 690, 808-9, 847-49 Popper, Frank, 384, 390-91 Porter, Eliot, 294 Posey, Willi, 292 Posner, Helaine, 628-31 "Post Cards from America: X-Rays from Hell" (Wojnarowicz), 294, 373—76 Postminimalism, 577 Postmodernism: conceptual practices and, 808, 815; critical theory hegemony of, 4-7; cybernetic transit to, 385; deconstructive processes of, 3, 814; hyperreality of, 73, 294, 898n6; "transavantgardia" art of, 173 Post-Partum Document (Kelly), 810, 858—61 Poststructuralism, 4—5 Pound, Ezra, 34, 35 Pour technique, 14, 67 Primal scream therapy, 684, 907m 2 Primary Structures (exhibition, 1966), 69-70 INDEX 997 Process: consciousness as, 682; experience as, 583—84; experimentations with, 580-81; as organic-industrial juxtaposition, 585-86, 587; performance art's emphasis on, 679, 680, 690; as point of intersection/transit, 577-78, 684; of recuperating ritual sources, 581—82; spectator's participation in, 579-80, 583 Process Book (Walther), 583 Progression, system of, 585 Prospect 69 (exhibition, 1969), 90906 Psychotics: art of, 173 PTTV (Paper Tiger Television), 394 Public art, 501-2, 504, 505. See also Installations Punk movement, 388 Puppet Hotel (Anderson), 389 Puppies (Rogers), 295 Puryear, Martin, 582, 628-31 Rainer, Arnulf, 173, 247-48 Ramsden, Mel, 808, 809 Ramsden, Paul, 809 RatclifF, Carter, 174 Rauschenberg Overseas Cultural Interchange (ROCI), 287 Rauschenberg, Robert, 65, 289, 290, 321-23, 388, 681; assemblages of, 287; conceptual art of, 804 Raw Notes (Oldenburg), 289 Ray Gun Theater (Oldenburg), 289 Raymond, Herbert, 237-41 "The Real and the Mystic in Art and Science" (Biederman), 66, 81-85 Real Estate Opportunities (Ruscha), 291 Reflex (1948-1949), 170 Reich, Wilhelm, 682 Reichardt, Jasia, 394, 909^ Reichstag (Germany), 505, 550-56 - Reinhardt, Ad, 66-67, 86, 88-91 RE/Search (1978-present), 389 The Responsive Eye (exhibition, 1965), 68 Restany, Pierre, 284, 306-8 Restaurant de la Galerie J. (Spoerri), 285 Reuben Gallery (New York), 682 Rice/Tree/Burial (Denes), 504, 540-42 Richter, Gerhard, 286, 314-18 Riley, Bridget, 68, 112-13 Ringgold, Faith, 292, 363-66, 902ml Ritual for the Relinquishment of the Immaterial Pictorial Sensitivity Zone (Klein), 65, 81 Rivera, Diego, 500 Rivers, Larry, 171, 222-28 Robbe-Grillet, Alain, 172 Roberta Breitmore (Hershman), 393 Robot K-456 (Paik and Shuya-Abe), 391 ROCI (Rauschenberg Overseas Cultural Interchange), 287 Rockburne, Dorothea, 580 Rodchenko, Alexander, 294 Roden Crater Project (Turrell), 507 Rodia, Simon, 499 Rogers, Art, 29 5 Rollins, Tim, 815 Romania, 286 Rosenbach, Ulricke, 689, 757 Rosenberg, Ethel, 170 Rosenberg, Harold, 16, 680 Rosenberg, Julius, 170 Rosenquist, James, 290, 347-49 Rosier, Martha, 394, 461-73, 810 Ross, Charles, 507 Ross, David, 450—56 Rotella, Mimmo, 684 Roth, Dieter, 283-84, 285, 291, 302-4, 900n3 Rothenberg, Susan, 174, 263-64, 505, 557-58 Rothko, Mark, 5, 13, 14, 26, 507 Roxy's (Kienholz and Hopps), 501 Royal College of Art (Great Britain), 282 Rozak, Theodore, 15 Running Fence (Christo), 505, 547—50 Ruscha, Edward, 291, 356—58, 807 Rushton, David, 810 Ryman, Robert, 578, 580, 607-8 Sagan, François, 683 Said, Edward W, 5, 6 Salle, David, 814 Salon de la Jeune Peinture (Paris), 70 Salon de Mai (Paris), 680 Salon des Réalités Nouvelles (exhibition, 1946), 64 Samaras, Lucas, 72, 290, 349-55, 500 998 INDEX Sandberg, Willem, 170, 210-13 Sartre, Jean-Paul, 169, 185-89, 683 Satellite technology, 391 Sào Paulo International Bienal (Brazil), 290, 581 Schapiro, Meyer, 69, 586, 682 Schapiro, Miriam, xx, 72, 151-54, 692 Scharf, Kenny, 293 Schechner, Richard, 684 Scheidegger, Ernst, 189 Scher, Julia, 391 Schmit, Tomas, 726 Schnabel, Julian, 174, 266-68 Schneemann, Carolee, 682—83, 688, 714-18, 809 Schneider, Ira, 392 Schöffer, Nicolas, 385, 397—401 Schön, Rolf, 317-18 "School of London" 171 Schoonhoven, Jan S., 66 Schulze/ Alfred Otto Wolfgang (pseud. Wols), 18, 45 Schum, Gerry, 392, 438-39 584 Schwarz, Arturo, 909m Schwarzkogler, Rudolf, 687, 688-89, 9o8n24 Schwitters, Kurt, 291, 499, 500 The seas of tears and their relatives (Roth), 284 The Second Sex (Beauvoir), 682 Segal, George, 290 Sekula, Allan, 810 Self-Destruction (Ortiz), 684 Self-transformation performances, 692-93 Seligmann, Kurt, 13 Serial systems, 64 Serra, Richard, 8, 503, 579, 600-603 Serrano, Andres, 175, 280—81 Servanes, François, 387 Servanes, Vera Molnar Moyano, 387 Shapolsky et al. Manhattan Real Estate Holdings, a Real-Time Social System, as of May 1 , 1 9 7 1 (Haacke), 813 Sharkey, John, 900n3 Sharp, Willoughby, 392, 504, 659-62, 666-71, 690, 908n26 Shaw, Jeffrey, 395-96, 487—89 Sherman, Cindy, 693, 79I_94. 814 Shiff, Richard, xxi-xxii Shimamoto, Shözö, 680 Shiraga, Kazuo, 680 Shock Treatment (Finley), 693 Shoot paintings, 285 Shuya-Abe, 391 Siegel, Jeanne, 244-47, 376-78, 886-90, 891-94 Siegelaub, Seth, 807, 837—38, 9ioni4 Signals, 90404 Signals (gallery, London), 904n4 The Signifying Monkey (Gates), 6 Signoret, Simone, 683 Sign painting, 290 Simonds, Charles, 506, 560-63 Situationist International (SI), 681, 702—6 Six Years: The Demaierialization of the Art Object from 1966-1Q72 (Lippard), 806, 815, 828- 33. 850-53 Slave Rape Story Quilt (Ringgold and Posey), 292 Slobodkina, Esphyr, 90in6 Smith, Barbara, 691 Smith, David, 15—16, 37-38, 68, 90in6 Smith, Frank, 293 Smith, Richard, 282 Smith, Tony, 69, 126-28, 506 Smithson, Alison, 283, 296 Smithson, Peter, 283, 296, 506 Smithson, Robert, xx, 503, 530—36, 805 Snow, Michael, 392 Sobrino, Francisco, 387 The Socialist Review, 394 Social realism, 12-13, 168-69, 170,286 "Social sculpture" 582 La société du spectacle (Debord), 681 Society for Theoretical Art and Analyses, 809 "Sociological art" 813-14, 884—85 Software, Information, Technology: Its New Meaning for Art (exhibition, 1970), 394, 806 Sohm, Hanns, 90504 Sokolowski, Thomas, 508, 566—71 Soldati, Mario, 65 Soltan, Jerry, 390 Some Los Angeles Apartments (Ruscha), 291 Something Else Newsletter, 685 Sonfist, Alan, 504, 545~47 INDEX 999 Sonnier, Keith, 392 Space race, 386—87 Spain, 20 Spanish-speaking minorities: murals of, 174—75 Spatialism, 19, 65 Spear, Richard, 4 The Specialization of Sensibility from the State of Prime Matter to the State of Stabilized Pictorial Sensibility (Klein), 65 "Specific Objects" (Judd), 69, 114-17 Spectator: in art-technology age, 384, 387; figuration's use of, 170; in performance art, 690-91; in process art, 579—80, 583 Spero, Nancy, 173, 244-47 Spirale (poetry review), 284 Spiral fetty (Smithson), 503, 530-33 Splashing (1968, Serra), 579 Spoerri, Daniel, 284-85, 310-11, 386 SRL (Survival Research Laboratories), 388-89, 904m I Stable Gallery (New York), 287 Staeck, Klaus, 813, 881-84 Staël, Nicolas de, 20 Stafford, Barbara Maria, xxi Stain painting, 67 Staller, Illona, 295 Star Axis (Ross), 507 The State Hospital (Kienholz), 501 Stedelijk Museum (Amsterdam), 170, 174, 386 Stein, Gertrude, 7 Stein, Joel, 387 Steinberg, Leo, 295 Steiner, Rudolf, 583 STELARC (b. Stelios Arcadiou), 390, 427-30 Stella, Frank, 69, 113-14, 117-24 Steveni, Barbara, 812 Stevens, Nelson, 293 Still, Clyfford, 13 Stockhausen, Karlheinz, 391 Store Days (Oldenburg), 289 The Store (Oldenburg), 289 Story quilts, 292 Street theater, 684 Strelow, Hans, 909n6 String of Puppies (Koons, Rogers), 294—95 Structure (1958-64), 66 The Structure of Scientific Revolutions (Kuhn), 1 The Structurist (Saskatoon), 66 Structurist theories, 65—66. see also Concrete art Struggle in New York (Popovic, 1976), 809 Struycken, Pieter, 66 Study for Woman (de Kooning), 283 Study No. 2 for an End of the World (Tinguely), 386 Stunde Null (zero hour), 19 Sumi, Yasuo, 680 The Sunset Strip (Ruscha), 291 Sun Tunnels (Holt), 504 Support-Surfaces group, 70 Surrealist movement: influence of, 13, 499, 899—900n2; in postwar Europe, 17—18; as primary avant-garde movement, 12 Surrounded Elands (Christo), 505 Survival (Holzer), 814 Survival Research Laboratories (SRL), 388-89, 904ml Susini, Clemente, 579 Suspensions (STELARC), 390 Suzuki, D. T., 682 Svecovâ, Sonja, 686 Sweeney, James Johnson, 502 Swenson, G. R„ 287, 323-24, 337-39 Sylvester, David, 169, 197, 199—204 Symposium on Pop Art (Museum of Modern Art), 295 Synapse (Syracuse, New York), 392 Systemic Painting (exhibition, 1966), 70 Szeemann, Harald, 806, 909n6 Tachism, 11 Taeuber-Arp, Sophie, 63, 900m Tags, graffiti, 293 Takis (b. Panayotis Vassilakis), 386, 406—7, 90404 Tambellini, Aldo, 392 Tambellini, Piene, 392 Tanaka, Atsuko, 680 Tanguy, Yves, 13 IOOO INDEX Tapié, Michel, 18, 44 Tapies, Antoni, 20, 55-58 Taylor, Joshua Q, xix, xxii Technology: arte povera view of, 585; collective groups utilizing, 387-89; computer, 394- 96; cybernetic transition in, 384-85; kinetic exhibitions of, 385—86, 388—89; performance art's integration of, 389, 390, 392—93, 680; satellite, 391; spectator participation in, 384, 387; video, 390-94 Telematic art, 396 Television, 390, 391, 392, 393, 684 Terminal Art, 396 Terny, François, 385 Theater of the absurd, 20 Thenot, Jean-Paul, 813 Theories of Modern Art (Chipp, ed.), xix, xxi, xxii Theory of Colors (Goethe), 71 The Theory of Total Blame (Finley), 693 This b Tomorrow (exhibition, 1956), 283 This way brouwn (Brouwn), 811 Thompson, J. Eric S., 71 Thompson, Mark, 582, 632, 9o6n9 Through the Flower: My Struggle as a Woman Artist (Judy Chicago), 292 Tillich, Paul, 169, 183-85 Tilted Arc (Serra), 579 Time Landscape (Sonfist), 504 Tinguely, Jean, 285, 386, 404-6 Tintoretto, 19 Tobey, Mark, 13 Toche, Jean, 292, 684 Todosijevic, Rasa, 690 Topographie anecdotée du hasard: An Anecdoted Topography of Change (Spoerri), 285 Torres-Garcia, 63 Torture in Chile (Spero), 173 Torture of Women (Spero), 173 To the Revolution (Spero), 173 Toward a New Abstraction (exhibition, 1963). 73 "Towards a Newer Laocoon" (Greenberg), 2 Townsend, Peter, 903—4n3 "Transavantgardia" 173. see also Postmodernism Transhistorical aesthetic model, 2 TRANSMISSION: Theory and Practice for a New Television Aesthetics (d'Agostino), 393 TRANSMISSION: Toward a Post- Television Culture (d'Agostino), 393 Trap paintings, 284-85, 310 Trompe l'oeil configurations, 170 Trtilek, Jan, 686 The True Artist Helps the World by Revealing Mystic Truths (Nauman), 814 Truisms (Holzer), 814 Truitt, Anne, 67-68, 99-103 Tuchman, Maurice, 388 Tucker, Marcia, 577 Tudor, David, 681 Turrell, James, 388, 507, 574—76, 909112 Tuttle, Richard, 580, 608-9 TV as a Fireplace (Dibbets), 584 TV Bra for Living Sculpture (Paik), 391 TV Cello (Paik), 391 TV Glasses (Paik), 391 Twenty-six Gasoline Stations (Ruscha), 291 Twombly, Cy, 4, 15, 34~37 287 Uecker, Günther, 387 Ukeles, Mierle Laderman, 581, 622-25, 9o6n8 Ulay (b. Uwe Laysiepen), 689-90, 758-59 Ultvedt, Per Olof, 285 The Umbrellas (Christo), 505 Das Unbekannte in der Kunst (Baumeister), 19-20 United States: community murals in, 174-75; postwar art attitudes in, 12-13 United States (Anderson), 389 Untitled (Popovic), 809 Untitled (Xerox Book) (exhibition, 1968), 807 Vagina Painting (Kubota), 904m 3 Vale, V., 389, 904ml Valley Curtain (Christo), 505 Van Beijern, Geert, 9ioni4 Van Brüggen, Coosje, 289 Vaneigem, Raoul, 681 Van Ravesteijn, Aadrian, 9 ion 14 INDEX IOOI Vasarely, Jean-Pierre (pseud. Yvaral), 387 Vasarely, Victor, 68—69, 109—12 Vassilakis, Panayotis. See Takis Vautier, Ben, 685—86, 730—31 Vedova, Emilio, 19, 51—53 Venet, Bernar, 809, 811 Venice Biennale, 68, 386 Venturi, Robert, 283 Verb List Compilation (Serra), 579 Viallat, Claude, 70 Vicious Circles and Infinity (Brecht), 288 Videogalerie Schum ( formerly Fernsehgalerie Schum, Essen), 392, 584 Video technology, 390-94, 461-73 Viennese actionism (Wiener Aktionismus), 173, 395, 687-89 Vietnam Veterans Memorial (1982, Lin), 502 Vietnam War, 172-73, 690, 806 Viewer participation. See Spectator Villa, Carlos, 288 ' Viola, Bill, 392, 446-50 Vio-phonograph (Anderson), 389 Virtual reality, 393—95 Vision, 691 Vision in Motion (Moholy-Nagy), 384 Visser, Carel, 66 Vivarelli, Carlo, 64 The Void (Klein), 65 Von Alsleben, Kurd, 394 Vordemberge-Gildewart, Friedrich, 64 Vostell, Wolf, 390, 391, 684, 723-25 Wagstaff, Samuel, Jr., 126 Waldhauer, Fred, 388 Waldman, Diane, 94-98 Wallace, Michele, 292 Wallis, Brian, 5—6, 295 Wall of Respect (mural, Chicago, 111.), 293 Walther, Franz Erhard, 583, 644-52 Warhol, Andy, 7, 65, 289-90, 293, 340-46, 8p8n6 Washington color school, 67 Wasserman, Emily, 597-600 "Waste Not, Want Not: An Inquiry into What Women Saved and Assembled—FEMMAGE" (Schapiro and Meyer), 72, 151-54 Watchman (Johns), 287 Watts towers (Rodia), 499 Weber, John Pitnam, 175, 269-73 Weber, Max, 14 Wederer, Rolf, 909n6 Weegee (photographer), 289—90 Wegman, William, 393, 450—56 Weibel, Peter, 395, 486-87, 689 Weiner, Lawrence, 808, 839 Werner, Eric, 389 Weston, Edward, 294 "What Is an Author?" (Foucault), 5 "What is Pop Art?" (Swenson), 287 When Attitudes Become Form: Works-Concepts- Processes-Situations-Information (exhibition, 1969), 806 Whitechapel Gallery (London), 283 White, Robin, 261-63 Whitman, Robert, 290, 388, 682 Whitney Museum of American Art (New York), 578 Who's Afraid of Aunt Jemima? (Ringgold and Posey), 292 Wien: bildkompendium wiener aktionismus und film (Export and Weibel), 395, 689 Wiener Aktionismus (Viennese actionism), 173, 395. 687-88 Wiener, Norbert, 384 Wiley, William, 579 Wilhelm, Richard, 67 Williams, Emmett, 284, 285, 900113 Wilhams, Gerald, 292 Wilson, Martha, 693 Wilson, Robert, 3 89 Winsor, Jackie, 578 Wipe Cycle (Gillette and Schneider), 392 "Within the Context: Modernism and Critical Practice" (Kosuth), 808 Wittgenstein, Ludwig, 587 Wittman, Robert, 686 Wodiczko, Krzysztof, 389-90, 424-27 Wojnatowicz, David, 294, 373-76 1002 INDEX Wölfflin, Heinrich, 16 Wols (b. Alfred Otto Wolfgang), 18, 45 Womanhouse Environment (Los Angeles), 72, 291 Woman's Building (Los Angeles), 291, 689, 692 Woman-Space Art Gallery (Los Angeles), 291, 692 Women Students and Artists for Black Liberation, 292 Word paintings, 814 Working Drawings and Other Visible Things on Paper Not Necessarily Meant to be Viewed as Art (Bochner), 807 Working Space (Stella), 69 Works Progress Administration (WPA), 12 WORKS series (Hirshhorn Museum), 581, 626-28 World Trade Center (New York), 504, 543—45 World War II period: art mode of, 11-13, 17, 63-64, 168 Wortz, Ed, 388 Wrapped Coast (Christo), 505 Wright, Frank Lloyd, 69 Wright, William, 22-24 Wyss, Marcel, 284 "Yellow Manifesto" (Vasarely), 68 Yoshihara, Jirö, 680, 695—98 Youngblood, Gene, 392 Youngerman, Jack, 290, 387 Young, La Monte, 578, 686, 805 Yvaral (b. Jean-Pierre Vasarely), 387 Zakanitch, Robert, 72 Zentrum fiir Kunst und Medientechnologie (ZKM, Germany), 396 ZERO (1958-61), 387 ZERO group (Düsseldorf), 65, 66, 387 0 = Nul (1961-64), 66 Zero point, 66, 90in7 Zerreissprobe (Breaking Test, Brus), 688 Zizkova, Zdenka, 686 INDEX I |
