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| Volltext: | Index Abrams, M. H., 25 Abstraction, 25, 41 Addison, Joseph, 23-24 Adorno, Theodore, 201, 204 Aesthetics: and Marxism, 202-4; and unity of the arts, 47; and word-image difference, 49—50 Alberti, Leon Baptista, on perspective, 37 Allegory: of cave (Plato), 93-94; commodity as, 188; in painting, 79; and writing, 41, 104 Alpers, Svetlana, 17m Althusser, Louis, 163П, 170, 177, 204-6 Analogy, 56, 61, 68. See also Likeness; Resemblance. Anti-Semitism, 199—201 Antoinette, Marie, 143 Arbitrary codes, 76, 78-79, 83-84 Aristotle, 10, 14, 30, 158 Arnheim, Rudolf, 152 Articulation, 66—67 Atget, Eugene, 183 Aura, 153, 183-85, 201 Austen, Jane, 155 Autographic, versus allographic, 68-69 Babbitt, Irving, 97 Bacon, Francis, 113, 163-64 Bacon, Roger, 11 Balzac, Honoré de, 179, 187 Barthes, Roland, 8n, 55-56, 60-61 Baudelaire, Charles, 181-82 Baudrillard, Jean, 203—5 Benjamin, Walter, 8n, 153, 178, 180— 85, 201, 204, 205 Blake, William, 95, 112, 115, 207 Blindness, i, 38, 116-18, 138 Block, Ned, 12-13, 34П Bonaparte, Napoleon, 167П Bosman, Willem, 197 Boorstin, Daniel J., 8n Brantlinger, Patrick, 205П Bronte, Charlotte, 155 Burke, Edmund, 48, 50-52, 105, in, 123-49, 151, 154, i66n, 192 Camera obscura, 3, 16, 162, and history, 175, 178; and ideology, 160, 168-72, 174-75 Carlyle, Thomas, 142П Cassirer, Ernst, 54 Caylus, Comte de, 96П, 105 Character, as person and letter, 190 Chateaubrun, 102, no Clement of Alexandria, 34П Coleridge, Samuel Taylor, 114, пб, 165П, i66, 167П Commodities. See Fetishism Composite arts, 154-55 221 222 Index Contour, 86 Convention, conventionalism, 52, 55, 63, 65—66, 81; as arbitrary code, 76, 78-79, 83—84; and contour, 86; Gombrich as conventionalist, 87; and hieratic style, 82-84, 90; versus nature and naturalism, 51, 66, 69, 75-94; as "second nature, " 192 Copy theory, i8n, 66, 81 Corneille, Pierre, 106 Culler, Jonathan, 56 Daguerre, Louis, i86n, 171 Daguerreotype, 171 Darwin, Charles, 90 Davis, Natalie, 143П de Brosse, Charles, 186, 190-91, 193, 197 Decoys, 90 Dennett, Daniel, 34 Density, and differentiation, 66-68, 70 Derrida, Jacques, 29-30 de Tracy, Destutt, 165-66 Diagrams, versus drawings, 69-70 Dialectic, 43, 98 Dialectical image, 158, 204-5. See also Provocative; Hypericon Diderot, Denis, 202 Difference: figures of, 49-51; grammar of, 51-70 Differentiation, and density, 66-68, 70 Difficulté vaincue, 102 Digital, versus analog, 68—69 Dubos, Abbé, 75, 134 Eagleton, Terry, 170, 176 Eco, Umberto, 56-58, 64 Edelman, Bernard, i8in, 184-85 Eidolon: versus eidos, 5; and "ideas, " 121 Eidophusikon, 50 Ekphrasis, 99, 103 Emerson, Ralph Waldo, 47 Empiricism, 16-18, 26, 33-34, 166, 172—73, 175-76, 178. See also Locke, John Engels, Friedrich, 169П, 179, 200П Expression, 40—42, 45 Eye, 38, 118-20; versus ear, 134 Fergusson, James, 193 Fetishism: of commodities, 162-63, 186-90; distinguished from idolatry, 186, 190-91; of media, 55, 202- 4; of natural sign, 90; and phalli-cism, 109—113—14, 193-95; primitive versus modern, 192—93, 196. See also Idolatry Feuerbach, Ludwig, 173, 198—99 Feyerabend, Paul, 38-39 Fish, Stanley, ioon Flory, Dan L., inn Fodor, Jerry, 18 Foucault, Michel, 11, 158 Frank, Joseph, 96-98 Frazer, James, 114 Frazer, Ray, 22 French Revolution, 143-49 Freud, Sigmund, 45, 109, 193 Furbank, P. N., 13 Gender: and genre, 109—12; and media, 55, 122 Genette, Gerard, 62 Genre: and gender, 1055-12; laws of, 107; mixture of, 104-5; and social forms, 112; and space-time distinction, 102-4 Geometry, 44-45 Geuss, Raymond, 176П Goethe, Johann Wolfgang von, 202 Gombrich, Ernst: and Hobbesian nature, 154; as iconologist, 11, 158; as iconophile, 151—52; on innocent eye, 118; on Lessing, 96П, 105; on nature and convention, 50-52, 65, 69П, 74-94; on photography and perspective, 37—38, 83-85, 181; and scientism, 37—38, 83-85, 181 Goodman, Nelson: on copy theory, Index 223 12, 57-58; as iconoclast, 152-54; and ideolog)', 71-74; on image-text difference, 158; on innocent eye, 118; and Kantian symbol-theory, 54; on nature and convention, 69—70; as relativist, 8in; and semiotics, 63-65; symbol theory, 50-74 Graff, Gerald, 63П Greenberg, Clement, 97, 98П Gutmann, Joseph, 199П Hagstrum, Jean, 11 Harris, James, 76П Hazlitt, William, 142П Hegel, G, W. F., 165П, 20m, 202 Hermeneutics, 173-74, 188 Hieroglyphics: and commodity fetishism, 188, 190, 193; as degenerate painting, 4i ; as dialectical images, 205; as literary figures, 28- 30; and mathematics, 29; Wittgenstein's use of, 20—21, 27 Hill, Christopher, 7П Hobbes, Thomas, 14П, 90, 121, 154 Howard, William Guild, ш Hume, David, 22—23, 58, 121 Hypericon, 5-6, 158 Iconicity, 2, 26П, 56-62; and names, 91-92 Iconoclasm: anthropology of, 198- 99; Byzantine, 7, 32П; Enlightenment, 164-65; history of, 198; as idolatry, 90, 200; Jewish, 35, 199— 201; Marxist, 164, 173-78, 182-83, 186—90, 196-208; modem, 8; Nelson Goodman's, 74, 152; Reformation, 7, 35-36, 106, 109, 197; rhetoric of, 3, 90, 112-15, 147, 197; Romantic, 166—67 Iconography: distinguished from iconology, 2; in literature, 155П Icono logy, 1-3, 8, 12: and iconoclasm, 158-59; and ideology, 159; literary, 155-57 Iconophilia. See Fetishism; Idolatry Iconophobia. See Iconoclasm Ideogram, 27 Ideology: defined, 3-4; and iconology, 158-59; as idolatry, 164-67; and French Revolution, 135; of nature, 90-91; in positive sense, 176—77; refusal of, 71-74; and semiotics, 51-52 Idolatry: Christian (Catholic), 7, 106; contrasted to totemism, 114- 15; distinguished from fetishism, 190-91; and eye, 120, 130, 165; in French Revolution, 147; and iconology, 3; and ideology, 164-67; Lessing's critique, 113; Maimon-ides' critique, 32; of "natural sign, " 39, 90-91; Nelson Goodman's critique, 74 Idzerda, Stanley J., 147П Ihwe, Jens, 63П Illusionism, 39, 72, 120 Image: as allegory, 92-93; and animal behavior, 89-90; as concrete concept, 160-61, 168; and description, 23-24; dialectical, 158; and figure or metaphor, 21—24; and gender, 122; and geometry, 44-45; kinds of, 9-14; as likeness, 11, 31- 36; as logical space, 21, 24, 45; as model, 34; as natural sign, 8, 43- 44, 47; nonpictorial, 31; personification, 24; and plain style, 24; production and consumption, 85, 87, 90; pornographic, 89; as structure, 25, 34, 45; and theoretical models, 160-61; as transparent window, 8; verbal, 19—30; as written language, 28-30, 41, 104, 107, 140-42 Imagination: and madness, 132; and perception, 37; and politics, 132- 33; philosophers' accounts of, 14П, 30; and Romanticism, 24-25; and speculation, 133—35. See also Wit Imaßo dei, 31-36, 75-76 224 Index Imitation, 91.See also Copy theory; Likeness; Image; Mimesis Impression, 60. See also Empiricism; Species Indexicality, 58-60 Ingarden, Roman, ioon Innocent eye, 38, 118 Invisibility, 39, 40-41, 48; of English Constitution, 141-42 Jakobson, Roman, 59 James, Henry, 155 Jameson, Fredric, 103, 169, 175П Jauss, Hans Robert, 202П Jonson, Ben, 156 Judaism. See Anti-Semitism; Icono-clasm; Idolatry Kant, Immanuel, 96, 98, 107, ш, 113, 134П, 156П, 158, 164 Kennedy, Emmet, i66n Kenner, Hugh, 22 Kermode, Frank, 25П, 96—98 Knight, Richard Payne, 193—94 Kofman, Sara, i68n Kramnick, Isaac, 13m, 132 Landow, George, 155П Lang, Berel, i86n Langer, Suzanne, 54-55 Language games, 8-9 Laocoön, 200-201. See also Lessing Larrain, Jorge, 169П Lee, Rensselaer, 97, 103 Leibniz, G. W., 29 Lenin, Nikolai, 176 Leonardo da Vinci, 47, 78, 82—83, 116, 119—21 Lessing, Gotthold Ephraim, 40-44, 48-52, 95-115, 127П, 151, 154, 156, 158, 194, 200-201 Lewes, G. H., 185 Lichtheim, George, 165 Likeness, 31—36, 87. See also Image; Resemblance Lindberg, David, 11 Linguistics, 56, 58, 63, 81 Locke, John, 14П, 60, 121-25, 128, 131, 137, 158, 162, 164, 168, 173 Lorenz, Konrad, 88 Louis XVI, 144-45 Lukács, Georg, 196, 204 Lunn, Eugene, 202П McGann, Jerome, 177П Maimonides, Moses, 32, 36 Marx, Karl, 160-208 Mayne, Judith, 157П Metaphor: and imagery, 21-24; and metonymy, 59 Milton, John, 35-36, 105, 117, 130, 134, 137 Mimesis, 41, 43, 92 Miner, Earl, ioon Mirror, 12, 15 Modernism, 96-97, 108, no Morse, Samuel, 179, 181 Müller, F. Max, 191 Mulvey, Laura, 157П Natural languages, 85 Natural representation, 37-40, 42, 60 Natural sign, 8, 43, 47, 5h 60, 78-79, 84-87, 90-91 Nature: biological, 76-77, 79, 88; and capitalism, 90; versus convention, 75-94; Darwinian, 90; and "ease of acquisition, " 84-85; Hobbesian, 90; as imitation, 78, 80-81; and scientific representation, 78, 90; and second nature, 76, 83, 192; as universal code, 79 Newton, Isaac, 96, in Nicholas, Ralph, 72П Nichols, Bill, 8n Nominalism, 55, 62—63 Optics, 10-и, 170 Ornament, 21, 41 Outline, 86 Index 225 Paine, Thomas, 141, 143, 146-47 Painting: and blindness, 117-18; and law, 108; and revolution, 143-47 Panofsky, Erwin, 2, 12, 152, 156П Par aß one, 47-49, 106, 121 Paulson, Ronald, 13m, 143П, 148 Peirce, Charles Sanders, 26n, 54-56, 58-59 Pelikan, Jaroslav, 7 Perspective, 37-40, 64, 83 Peters, F. E., 5 Petroglyphs, 28 Philostratus, i Photography, 8n, 12, 59-61, 64-65, 83-84, 87, 168, 171-72, 178-85 Pictograms, 28, 41 Pictorialism, 121-25 Picture-theory (Wittgenstein's), 2, 15, 25-26, 37, 45 Plato, 75-77, 91-94, 158, 162-64 Pleynet, Marcel, 181 Pluralism, 72, 206—8 Podro, Michael, 152П Popper, Karl, 37 Pornography, 89 Pott, Heleen, 63П Pound, Ezra, 29 Price, Dr. Richard, 144—46 Provocative, 93, 158 Putnam, Hilary, 76 Rahv, Philip, 97-98 Realism, 39, 65, 72-73, 83, 90, 120 Reid, Thomas, 14П, 30П Relativism, 3, 63-65 Reni, Guido, 40, 42 Replica, as opposed to transformation, 83-84 Representation, direct versus indirect, 101—2. See also Natural representation Representational, distinguished from verbal, 66 Resemblance, 48, 56-57, 78. See also Copy theory; Imitation; Likeness; Mimesis Riegl, Alois, 119 Ripa, Cesare, 2 Rollin, Bemard, 6on Rorty, Richard, 14П, 30П Rose, Margaret, 179П Ruskin, John, 155 Russell, Bertrand, 26n Sartre, Jean-Paul, 5 Schemata, 80 Schwarz, Heinrich, 179П Schweizer, Nikolas, 96П Seigel, Jerrold, i88n, 207 Semiotics: account of imagery, 53— 63; and ideology, 51; and social bonds, 138-39 Shaftesbury, third earl of, 28 Shakespeare, William, 105-6, 187 Signs: economy of, 102; motivated and unmotivated, 57-58; types of, 56, 58, 63. See also Natural sign Simonides of Ceos, 48, 116 Simpson, David, 114П, 186, 19m, 194 Shelley, Percy Bysshe, 78 Sister arts, 48, 114 Smith, Adam, 105, 200 Snyder, Joel, 39П, 179П Sociobiology, 37, 88 Sontag, Susan, 8n Sophocles, 102 Space: and form, 96-97; and gender, 112; logical, 21, 24, 45; versus time, 51, 95-115, 196; and writing, 99-100 Spatial form, 96-100; and modernism, 96—98 Species (visual), 10, 30, 33 Spectacle (theatrical), 146—47 Speculation, 133, 135—36 Spence, Joseph, 96П, 105, 194 Steiner, Wendy, 61, 99, 103, n6n, 157П Style, and convention, 81-82, 90 Sublime: and beautiful, 51, 125-28; and gender, 129-31; and pictorialism, 126-27, 139-40; and race, 130-31 226 Index Symbol, versus icon, 68 Symbol theory: Kantian, 54—55; as metalanguage, 154; semiotic, 56—62 Tabula rasa, 18 Talbot, William Henry, 171 Thompson, E. P., i6jn Time: and gender, 112; in visual art, 100-103 Tonelli, Giorgio, 20m Totemism, 114-15 Trapp, Joseph, 19-20 Turbayne, Colin Murray, 30П Twain, Mark, 40-42 ut pictura poesis, 43, 48-50, 65, 96, 114, 116 Vermeer, Jan, 180 Vico, Giambattista, 29 Virgil, 132, 137 Vision, 38, 48, 116-20: versus hearing, 51, 85П, 117; and history, 119; versus feeling, 117. See also Blindness; Invisibility; Species; Spectacle; Speculation Vos, Eric, 63П Warburton, William, 29 Wartofsky, Marx, 8in Weimann, Robert, 97-98 Wellberry, David, 99 Wilden, Anthony, 53 Wilder, Billy, 157П Williams, Forrest, i86n Williams, Raymond, 161, 163, 169, 170П, 176П, 187П, 204, 207 Wimsatt, W. K., 97-98 Winckelmann, Johann Joachim, 105 Wit, distinguished from judgment, 48—49, 121—24. See also Imagination Wittgenstein, Ludwig: duck-rabbit, 158; fear of imagery, 113; hieroglyphics, 27; mental images, 15-19, 43; theoretical models, 160; verbal images, 20-21, 26, 43, 45 Wolfe, Tom, 41-42 Wölfflin, Heinrich, 117 Wood, Neal, 13m Woolf, Virginia, 155 Wordsworth, William, 115, 155 Yu, Anthony, 35П Zeuxis, 17, 90 Ziolkowski, Theodore, 187П Zola, Emile, 187 |
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