7132125

              INDEX
Page numbers in italics refer to figures.
absorption
the absorptive "moment" 76, 77-9
in Bell 214-15
in Caillebotte 158-9, 160, 161-2, 162, 166-7,
168-9,176-8,182
in Chardin 112,117
concept of 8
in Corot 214
in Correggio 223
in Courbet 118, 212
crisis of 35-6
in David 12, 16, 38П, 82
Diderot and 117,118, 210
Duranty and 159
Duranty as an absorptive critic 159
forcing the issue of 162
in French sculptures 216-18
French tradition of 154,158,166, 219
in Géricault 72, 76, 77-9, 81, 95, 101-2,117-18
in Greuze 154
in Guérin 82-3
Huysmans and 159
illusion of 226
Manet's negation of 158,162
in Michelangelo 206, 207-8
in Millet 23-4, 60, 154
and the non-existence of the beholder 204
in Poussin 12
in Rembrandt 211, 212
tension with Impressionism 167
thematics of 298П21
theory of the cloister 176,180
in Zidane (Gordon and Parreno) 226-7
"aesthetic" or "stylistic" considerations, of Delacroix
58-9, 76,104
affect theory 198П
AlmaTadema, Lawrence 308П34
Amadeus chamber orchestra 225
Anacreon, Greek poet 18
"Anacreonic" paintings 18-21, 25, 26-9, 36-8, 61, 63,
64
Andre, Carl 257
Andrea del Sarto 220
animals
Heidegger on 88-9
see also Géricault, Théodore
Anrep, Helen 222
antitheatricality, antitheatrical
concept of 7-8
in Courbet 60,154
criticism of 305ШО
in current artists 259
in David 12-16, 219-20
Diderot and 154, 204-5
French tradition of 154, 219-20
Fry and 204, 205-6, 210, 216
in Géricault 76
in Gordon 226-33
of the Jacobins 35-6
in Manet 154
in Poussin 12
problem of Millet 23-4
and unconsciousness 210
Antonello da Messina 222
apartment, theory of the 153, 176
"aporetic" pencil drawings, by David 39
Arena Chapel, Padua, Giotto frescoes 5,195, 206,
222, 307П20
I N D E X 3 1 5
L'Artiste 106, 109
artistic representation, conflict with historical fact 77,
84
artist's voice 248-9
Ashton, Jennifer, From Modernism to
Postmodernism 258
autoaffection 182-5
autoeroticism 182-5
Babeuf, Gracchus (François-Noel) 49, 50
Bailly, Jean-Sylvian 16-17, 36
Balzac, Honoré de 4,104,105,106-9
"Le Chef-d'oeuvre inconnu" 109
"Le Colonel Chabert" 104,105, 106-9, 289П37
"Massimilla Doni" 289П37
Le Père Goriot 105
Barthes, Roland 4, 273Ш4
Baudelaire, Charles 23, 105, 256
"On the Essence of Laughter" 262-5
"Salon of 1846" 255-6, 291П47
Bazille, Frédéric 303П64
beauty, considerations surrounding viii, 196, 201, 210,
256
Beethoven, Ludwig van, Hammerklavier Sonata 235
beholder, the
awareness of the existence of 8
Bordes on 16-17
in Caillebotte 168
central to Géricault's art and career 79/81, 95
in Courbet 79/81
in David 16-17, 27-8, 28-9, 36-7
double displacement of 8/10-11
in Manet 28-9, 30
non-existence of 117, 154, 204, 226
primordial convention that paintings are meant to
be beheld 8
as the principal focus of the composition 36-7
as a problem for painting 12
walling off of 36
Bell, Clive, Art 201
Bell, Vanessa 210, 214-15, 216, 306П20
Bellini, Giovanni 208
Berenson, Bernard 197
Berkeley, George 136
Berkeley, Michael 236
Bernini 200-201, 205,220
Berryman, John 286M4
Blumenberg, Hans, Shipwreck with Spectator 267/70
Boilly, Louis-Léopold 283Ш4
Boime, Albert 301П44
Bonnet, Jean-Claude, La Naissance du Panthéon 49
Bonvin, François 176
borders, enclosing a painting within its own 204
Bordes, Philippe 16, 32, 47, 282-4П22
David after David: Essays on the Later Work 18-19
Jacques-Louis David: Empire to Exile 18
Börsch-Supan, Helmut 294-5П22
Bouguereau,William-Adolphe, Birth ofVenus 31ОП51
Bourbon regime 18, 55,105,105-6
Boy Musician, sculpture, Rheims 216-17, 217
Brahms, Johannes 235
Braunstein, Guy 225
Breton, Jules 176
brush-hand, palette-hand 41, 45, 46, 47,116,156,
189
brushwork
Caillebotte's 169,192
David's 46
Delacroix's 58-9
Géricault's 53, 101
Impressionist 32
Manet's 29-30
Bryson, Norman 11, 14, 84, 88
Burty, Phillipe 299П27
Burwell, Carter 253
Bustamante, Jean-Marc 6, 257
Cage, John, 4J3"272-3Ш4
Caillebotte, Gustave
absorption in 158-9
alliegence to Impressionism 153, 186-8, 189
antitheatricality in 7
associations with Courbet 162-3,164-5,17°-7L
173, 30ОП38
awareness of class in 170-75
background 4,151,152
distinguished between Manet and Impressionism
298П25
execution of paintings 152, 169, 188, 192
exhibitions 151-2, 298П21
as a figure painter 164
intertextuality in 180
painter-beholder relationship in 156-8
perspective in 156,161-2,163, 164, 180
political resonance in 170-75, 185-6
project 152, 164, 165-6
3i6 I N D E X
[Caillebotte, Gustave continued]
realism in 156,164,165,166,167,178/180, 185,
189,192
retirement from painting 186
signature 164-5,163
significance of 30
social identification in 171
still lifes 185-6
style 151,164, 299П29, 303П62
Calf in a Butcher's Shop 185,186
Calf's Head and Ox Tongue 185-6,186,187
The Floor-Scrapers 160-62,161, 163, 164,166,
168,170-71,173,181-2, 301П49, 302-3П57,
304П68
The Floor-Scrapers (Variant) 298П24
The House-Painters 168, 174-5,174
In a Café 303-4П65
Interior, Woman at the Window 159-60,160
Interior, Woman Seated 296П13
Laundry Drying 186-8,187
Laundry Drying along the Seine, Petit Gennevilliers
186-7,187
Luncheon 178/80, /79
Man at His Bath 184-5,184
Nude on a Couch 182-4,183,185
Nude on a Divan 298П20
Oarsman in a Top Hat 297Ш8
Oarsmen 162-3,162, 166, 168
Paris Street; Rainy Day vi, 150, 151, 163, 174-5,
176-8,177, 182, 298Ш9, 299П29
The Pont de l'Europe (Geneva) 168, 171-4,172,
298Ш9, 303П62
The Pont de l'Europe (Variant) (FortWorth) 168-9,
169, 170,173-4, 303П62
Portrait of ManWriting in His Study 166,167
Sclf-Portrait at the Easel 166, 188, 189
TheYerres, Effect of Rain 180-82,181
Young Man at His Window 1 i8n, 152-3,133,
156-8,138,162,163, 168, 301П49
Caillebotte, René 152-3,178
capitalism 105-6
Caravaggio 220, 306m 8
AmorVincit Omnia 280П29
Resurrection 280П29
caricature 106
Caro, Anthony 6, 257, 258, 265
Carolus-Duran, Emile-Auguste 297Ш3
Carracci, Annibale, Self-Portrait with Figures 41,42,
42,188
Caruel, Alexandrine-Modeste 53, 55
carving, by Japanese artisans 256
Castagnary, Jules-Antoine 166, 305ШО
Cato Street conspiritors 95
causality 199, 209, 258, 259, 260
Cavell, Stanley, "The Avoidance of Love: A Reading
of King Lear" 235-6
centered, centering, in Friedrich 121,123,126-42,
144,148-9
Cézanne, Paul 5, 32, 205, 308П40
Fry on 201, 206, 210, 220-21, зо6п20, 307П26
photograph at work on the hill of Les Lauves
304П67
Still Life with Fruit Dish 194
Chardin, Jean-Baptiste-Siméon 6, 7, 117, 213, 214,
303П61, 309П43
Blind Man 92
Young Student Drawing 112, 112, 117
Chaussard, Pierre-Jean 276ШО
Chenique, Bruno 284П4, 287П29
Chesneau, Ernest 85-бп, 299П27, 305Ш0
chiaroscuro 67-8, 69, 209, 242
Chinese art 205, 220
Christian symbolism, in Friedrich 129,130-31,
295П22
Clark, T. J. 46,47, 50
cloister, theory of the 176, 180
cognize, cognition, as distinct from behold, beholding
118,118-19, 146, 289П6
Color Field painting 6
comedy 238-40, 262-3
Commune, Paris 171, 172, 173
Conlon, James 227
Corday, Charlotte 45, 47, 48-50, 49
"core" Impressionists 4, 152, 164
Corot, Jean-Baptiste-Camille 30, 214, 216
SeatedWoman with Bare Breasts 214
Correggio (Antonio Allegri), Adoration of the Magi
223, 223
coup de théâtre 12, 14, 15, 16, 18, 208
coup d'oeil 157
Courbet, Gustave
absorption in 166, 212
antitheatricality in 7,154
associations with Caillebotte 4, 162-3, 164-5,
170-71,173, 300П38
dogs in paintings 30ОП38
exile 171
focus on the bodily experience 157
I N D E X 3 1 7
Fry on 212, 213
as instigator of the modern movement 152
painter-beholder relationship in 60, 113/115,
154/156
painting himself into his paintings 24
persecution by the Third Republic 299П34
Realism 29, 60, 79,113/115-16,152,153-4.
178/180, 211-12
self-portraits 42,154,189
signature 164-5,
theatricality an issue for 154
After Dinner at Omans 60, 79,113,114,116,118,
153-4.156,180, 189, 300П38
Baigneuse endormie 308П35
Blonde endormie 212, 213, 213-14
Burial at Omans 30ОП38
Painter's Studio 60, I15, 117, 118
The Source 115-16,116,118,154,156,189
The Stonebreakers 80, 113,114,116-17, n8,
160-61,163, 189
TheWheatSifters 80,113,115, 117, 118
Woman with a Parrot 182
Crane, Stephen 64
creation, logic of perpetual destruction/creation 258,
265
crisis, in the Diderotian project 3, 6, 13, 16, 21, 29,
35-6, 60
Cronan, Todd 4
cropping, of paintings 153,168
"cross-hairs" (as figure for consciousness), in
Friedrich 123, 129, 148
Crow,Thomas 12, 32, 99П, 279020
Cunningham, David 253
Dante, Inferno 287П29
Darragon, Eric 296П9
Daubigny, Charles-François 30
Daumier, Honoré 7, 106
Rue Transnonain 287П33
David, Jacques-Louis
"Anacreonic" paintings 18-21, 25, 26-9, 36-8, 61,
63, 64
anticipation of Manet 25
antitheatricality in 7
brushwork 46
Bryson on II, 14
connections with Géricault 53, 56, 93, 95, 278Ш4
critical response to 11,12
death 18
exile 29
history paintings 8/10-11-18, 21, 36, 84
imprisonment 36, 41, 48, 50, 51
link between Marat and Self-Portrait (1794)
43-8, 50
as a Neoclassicist 65
pencil drawings 39
perspective in 8/10-11
political resonance in 17-18
politics 35-6, 283Ш7
relations with Napoleon 18
suppression of dramatic action 104
tableau 8/10-11
theatricality in 63
worldhood in 27-8, 39, 85
Anger of Achilles 32-4, 33, 36, 37, 85
Belisarius Receiving Alms 3, 8/10, 9, 10-11, 38П, 92,
277Ш3, 278Ш3
Coronation of Napoleon 61/63
Cupid and Psyche 26-9, 27, 37
Death of Seneca 14
Death of Socrates 3, 9, 10, 12, 16, 83, 93
Distribution of the Eagles 18, 34-5, 35, 61
Fortune Teller 38П, 38
Intervention of the SabineWomen 3, 13-14,13, 16,
18, 35, 64, 73, 76,81,219-20
Leonidas at Thermopylae 14-15,15, 16, 18, 21,
34-5, 37, 64, 73, 81
Lictors Returning to Brutus the Bodies of His Sons 3,
13-14, 16, 18, 69, 82, 82, 83, 93, 95
Marat at His Last Breath 28, 36, 43, 44, 45-6,
46-7, 48, 49, 50, 51
Mars Disarmed by Venus and the Graces 37-8, 37,
61, 28ОП27
Napoleon Crowning Himself 63, 63
Oath of the Horatii 3,10, 11-12,12, 13,14, 16, 33,
65,82, 83,93,219
The Prisoner 39
Sappho, Phaon, and Cupid 19-21, 20, 25, 28, 29, 36,
61
A Scene of Mourning 39
Self-Portrait (1791) 50-51, 51
Self-Portrait (1794) 4°, 4L 43/45-8, 45, 50, 51,188
Tennis Court Oath 16-18,17, 34, 36
Three Studies of Heads 39
Dedreux-Dorcy, Pierre-Joseph 72, 284П4
Degas, Edgar 153, 159
Portrait de l'artiste 304П66
Portraits in an Office (New Orleans) 301-2П49
3i8 I N D E X
Del Sarto, Andrea 206
Delacroix, Eugène 19, 58,105
"aesthetic" or "stylistic" considerations 58-9, 76,
104
brushwork 58-9
The Bark of Dante 58-60, 59, 287П33
Death of Sardanapalus 59
Liberty at the Barricades 287П33
Delafontaine, Pierre-Maximilien 41, 283П22
Delahaye, Luc 6
Delaroche, Paul 291П50
Children of Edward IV in the Tower 291П50
Jane Grey 291П50
Delécluze, Etienne-Jean 13,15
Deleuze, Gilles 198П, 303П62
Della Quercia, Jacopo, Madonna and Child 218, 218
Demand, Thomas 6, 7
as a photographer 253-5, 256, 259, 260
as a sculptor 254
Camera 259
Escalator 259
Pacific Sun iii, 6, 250, 251-3, 258-9, 259-67,
261-8,269
production process 251-2, 259
soundtrack 253, 260, 266-7
Poll 253, 254-5, 254,259
Rain 259
Recorder 259
Trick 259
Tunnel 259
Yard 259
Denis, Maurice 197, 213
Derrida, Jacques 188, 308П41
determinacy 259
Diderot, Denis
antitheatricality 6, 7,154, 204-5
on Chardin 303П61
on chiaroscuro 209
on the composition of a painting 208-9
critique of theatricality 61
drama and theater as antitheses 204-5
favorite portrait of himself 226
Fry influenced by 209-23
Fry on 209, 219
Fry's failure to recognize as a precursor 204, 213
on illusion and persuasion 16-17
on instantaneousness 209
legacy 296Ш2
on the painter-beholder relationship 204-5
on painting as drama 64
"pastoral" conception of painting 274м, 303П61,
3o6ni8
on pictorial unity 208
on Poussin 12
on the problem of portraiture 226
project
circumvented by Delacroix 60, 76,104-5
closed to David 21, 36
continuation in Balzac 4
crisis 21
Géricault's adherence to 76
Manet's radical questioning of 4, 24-5, 29, 30,
60, 158-9, 162,165, 169-70, 205, 219
replaced by an aesthetic or poetic register
104-5
strategies 5-6
tradition of absorption 21,1x7, xi 8,166,176, 210,
213
tableau 36, 59, 77, 214, 222
unconsciousness for 210
view of High Renaissance painting 206
view of Poussin 12
Discours sur la poésie dramatique 7, 12, 36, 65
Entretiens sur le Fils naturel 7, 12, 36
Salons 7, 36, 209, 274Ш, 308П38, 309П46
Dieudonné, Lieutenant 65
directed motion 235, 236-7
dis-identification, in Friedrich 126-8
Disney Corporation, Fantasia 313П21
divine intention 258
dogs, in paintings 75, 93, 99, 172, 30ОП38
Dossi, Dosso 223
double displacement, of the beholder 8/10-11
doubles, Gordon's fascination with 248
drama, dramatic, drame
as the antithesis of form 203-4
as the antithesis of theater 204-5
in Balzac 105,109
of Cezanne's still lifes 220-21
in David 12-13, 13-16, 18
dramatic expression 199, 201/203
dramatic narration 195-7, 198
Fry on 206, 209
Géricault's problems with 64-5
in Giotto 222
internal 208
I N D E X 3 1 9
painting as 64
Poussin's dramaturgy 206
progressive exclusion from French painting 104
rebirth through prose fiction 106-9
the tableau as a dramaturgical instrument 204, 214
Dubosc de Pesquidoux 176
Duczmal, Agnieszka 225, 230-31, 238, 243, 247
Dukas, Paul 313П21
Durand, Régis 255
Duranty, Edmond 23, 153, 159, 178, 296Ш2, 297Ш7,
305ШО
La Nouvelle Peinture (The New Painting) 153, 176
"Those Who Will Be the Painters" 176
duration see instantaneousness; temporality, engaging
with 258-9
Dürer, Albrecht
self-portraits 282П9
Melancholy 287П32
Eakins, Thomas 298П21
earthquakes 267/9
Eco, Umberto 281П3
Edwards, Jonathan 258, 265
Eitner, Lorenz 81
El Greco 220
Fry on 199-201, 205
The Agony in the Garden (studio of) 199-201,
200
embodiment, embodiedness 85-6,156-7,188,
189-90, 303П64
emotion, aesthetic 198, 201/203, 206
endlessness 265
eroticism
in Caillebotte 182-5
in Géricault 68, 69
Esquirol, Jean-Etienne-Dominique 57
evil eye 94
experience
aesthetic 210
endlessness of a purely subjective 265
primacy of 257, 258
experiencing, versus framing 257, 265
expression, expressiveness
in Cézanne 210
in David 33-4
dramatic action and 4, 61, 64, 65, 84,105,109
David's withdrawal from 14,15, 16, 64, 104
Fry on 198, 200, 201, 205, 219
in Gordon 240-46
musical 228-30, 244, 245, 246
in Wittgenstein 245-6
expressions, facial 28, 29, 34, 65, 101, 217
face, the, as a vehicle of "feeling" 227
faces
in Gordon 240-4
andWittgenstein 245-6
facingness
in Caillebotte 160,162, 178
in Manet 3, 25, 30, 32, 298П25
turn to 60
Fantin-Latour, Henri 42,166,188,191, 297013
Self-Portrait 188,188, 189-93,190
Fénéon, Félix 305ШО
Fichte, Johann Gottlieb 118
figure seen from the rear
in Caillebotte 152-3, 156-7,159-60
in Chardin 112
in Courbet 113-17,153-4, 154,154/!5б, 156
French tradition of 111-18
in Géricault 77, 96,112-13
see also Rückenfigur
Fildes, Luke
Fry on 221, 222
The Doctor 213, 221, 221, 222
Filipczak, Zirka 41
flattening 158
"formalism" 5, 68n, 195-223, 197, 198
Fragonard, Jean-Honoré 6, 7
framing
versus experiencing 257, 265
Stein on 308П41
unexamined by Fry 214
windows as frames 153
Francis, St 307П26
French art, Fry on 216-19
French Revolution 35-6, 41-51
Freudian fixation 84
Fried, Michael
Absorption and Theatricality 7,118, 204, 213
"Art and Objecthood" 6, 234, 236, 257, 257-8,
265
Courbet's Realism 7, 24, 60, 79, 113/115, 154
David after David: Essays on the Later Work
26
Four Honest Outlaws 6, 257
320 I N D E X
[Fried, Michael continued]
Manet's Modernism 7, 21,42,154,158,160,
169-70,176,188,191
Menzel's Realism 125,154
The Moment of Caravaggio 42,188
Why Photography Matters 6, 226, 253, 254, 256,
257
Friedrich, Caroline 122,141
Friedrich, Caspar David
characteristics 118, 121,141
orientation (left/right) 120-25
spirituality in 141
use of the Rückenfigur I I I , 118,120-28,134-6,
139, 148
Arctic Shipwreck 146,147-8
In the Boat 138-9,139
The Chalk Cliffs of Rügen 110, in, 139-41,140
City by Moonlight 133,134
Dolmen in Autumn 141,142
Evening Star 138,138
The Great Enclosure 136/138,13y
Landscape in Bohemia 132-4,133
The Lone Tree 136,137
A Man and a Woman Contemplating the Moon 111
Moonlight on the Sea 148-9,14p
Morning in the Mountains 131-2,132, 136
Morning Mist in the Mountains 128, 129,129
Neubrandenburg in the Morning Mist in, 134-5,
135,136
Oak in Snow 141,142
The Riesenbirge in Moonlight 120-21,121
Sisters (or The Harbor at Night) 111, 135-6,133
Thicket of Firs in the Snow 141,143
Three Ages of Man 147, 148,148
Two Men by the Sea at Moonrise 134,134,136
Wanderer above the Sea of Fog 111,126-8,126, /27,
136
TheWatzmann 141-7,144
Winter Landscape with a Church 130-31,130
Woman 120-28
Woman at theWindow ill, 122—5,124, 128, 153
Woman before the Rising Sun 111,120,121-2,122,
123,128
Fry, Roger
as antitheatrical 7, 204
background and views 4-6
on Bell 210,214-15, 306П20
on Bellini 208
on Bernini 200-201, 205
on Cézanne 201, 206, 210, 220-21, 306П20,
307П26
on Chardin 214
on Chinese art 205
coined term "Post-Impressionism" 201
concept of "form" 68n
on Corot 214
on Courbet 212, 213
on Diderot 209, 219
early career 201
on El Greco 199-201, 205
failure to recognize Diderot as a precursor 213
on Fildes 221, 222
"formalism" 195-223
on Gauguin 205
on Géricault 285П7
on Giorgione 309П50
on Giotto 195-7, *98, 203, 205, 206, 222, 307П20
on High Renaissance painting 206-8, 219
on Jacopo della Quercia 218
on Japanese calligraphy 205
on Manet 210
on Matisse 210,216, 307П20, 307П27
on Michelangelo 207-8, 213
on pictorial unity 208
on Poussin 206
on Raphael 201-3, 204, 205, 207, 208
on Rembrandt 198, 210, 211-12, 213, 214, 216
on sentimental art 199, 200, 221
on Seurat 214
on Sickert 210, 215
on Ucello 211
on the unconscious and almost unconscious
209-1i
on Van Gogh 214
Cézanne: A Study of His Development 220
Characteristics of French Art 214, 216—19, 220,
305Ш2
"The Double Nature of Painting" 304П3, 305Ш2,
309П46, 309П50
"An Essay in Aesthetics" 206, 213
"Henri Matisse" 216
"The Jacquemart-André Collection" 210-11
"Line as a Means of Expression in Modern Art"
307П27
"The Meaning of Pictures" 221-2
"Retrospect" 201, 208
I N D E X 3 2 1
"On Some Modern Drawings" 210, 215-16, 219
"Some Questions in Aesthetics" 209, 211, 214,
304П3, 308П39, 309П46
'"The Toilet,' by Rembrandt" 304-5П3
Transformations 304П3
Vision and Design 195, 199, 201, 205, 208, 216
Fualdès affair 58
Galassi, Peter 168, 30ОП38, 300П39
Gaudier-Brzeska, Henri 305m I
Gauguin, Paul 205
Gautier, Théophile 23
Georget, Etienne-Jean 290П45
Géricault, Théodore
antitheatricality in 7
artistic vision 64, 84
background 3-4
brushwork 53, 101
burial 29ОП42
centrality of the beholder to 79/81, 95
conflict between artistic representation and
historical fact 77, 84
connection with "Le Colonel Chabert" (Balzac)
109
drawings based on the Fualdès affair 58
emergence of 19
Fry on 285П7
on Gros 64
influence 65-6, 83
life 53-7, 55-6, 64, 73, 102
links with David 29, 53, 56, 81, 81-2, 83, 278Ш4
links with Guérin 82-3
lithographs 55-6, 57, 89-90, 92-4, 96-7
Michelangelo's influence on 53, 65-6, 99
parallelism in 71-2
physicality in 67, 71, 84, 86-7
political involvement 55
political resonance in 92-4
preoccupation with animals, especially horses 53,
54-5. 56, 58, 65, 70-73, 86-8, 89-92, 99-100
realism in 69, 95
Riderless Horses project 54-5,54, 58, 70-73, 70,
77, 72, 77, 88
romanticism of 4, 64, 84-5, 112
sculptures 68n
social identification 92-4,101-2,106
studied Raphael 53
style 64, 65/67-8, 84
Ancient Sacrifice 75, 75
Les Boueux 89, 90
Cattle Market 55, 73-6, 74, 77-8, 81, 290П40
Cavalry Battle 85, 86
Charging Chasseur 53, 59, 64, 65, 66, 71, 88
The Embrace 67, 68
Entrance to the Adelphi Wharf xi, 96-7, 96, 113,
117-18
Epsom Derby 56, 56
Executioner Strangling a Prisoner 65/67-8, 67, 69
Flemish Farrier 89, 90
Flemish Horses 89-90, 90
Le Haquet 99,100
Head of a White Horse 91, 92
Horse Artillery of the Guard in Action 85, 86
Landscape with a Roman Tomb 97-8, 98
Landscape with an Aqueduct 97-8
Landscape with Fishermen 97-8
Leda and the Swan 54
The Lime Kiln x, 57, 99-100/101,100
Mameluke Unhorsed by a Charge of Grenadiers 85,
86
Man Throwing a Bull 87, 88
Monomaniac of Envy 102
Monomaniac of Gambling 103
Monomaniac of Military Command 102
Mutiny on the Raft 85, 87, 99
Nymph and Satyr 68n, 68
A ParaleyticWoman 93-4, 94
The Piper 92, 93
Pity the Sorrows of a Poor Old Man 92-3, 93
Portrait of a Carabinier 289П38
Portraits of the Insane 56-7, 101-2
Public Hanging in London 94-5, 95
Raft of the "Medusa" xi, 52, 55, 57, 58, 61, 69,
76-83, 77, 80, 85, 86n, 92, 97, 99,109,
112-13, 117-18
Scene of a Deluge 97, 97
Scenes from the Massacre at Scio 36,78
Start of the Race of the Barberi Horses (1816), oil 70
Start of the Race of the Barberi Horses (1817), ink
71, 88
Start of the Race of the Barberi Horses (1817), oil
54,72
Study of Artist's Left Hand 102,104
Study of Severed Limbs 69, 69
Study of Two Severed Heads 69,69
Wounded Cuirassier 53
322 I N D E X
German Romanticism 153
Giorgione 304П3, 309П50
The Three Philosophers 309П50
Giotto 203, 205, 222
frescoes in the Arena Chapel, Padua 5,195, 206,
222, 307П20
Fry on 195-7,198, 203, 205, 206, 222, 3iin20
Christ Appearing to Mary Magdalen 195, 221, 222
Meeting of Joachim and Anna at the Gate of
Jerusalem 195, /97
Navicella 195,196
God, proof of a 120, 258
Goethe, Johann Wolfgang von 203
"The Sorcerer's Apprentice" 312-13П21
Gordon, Douglas 7, 257, 259
background 225-6
Feature Film 227-8, 231, 234
k. 364: A Journey by Train 6, 224, 228-9, 232~3,
238-9, 241-5, 248-9
antitheatricality in 226-33
the artist's voice in 248-9
close-ups, faces, expressiveness in 240-46
Holocaust memories in 246-8
presentness in 234-40, 259
Play Dead; Real Time 263-5
Zidane:A 21st Century Portrait (with Philippe
Parreno) 226
Gould, Glenn 311П14
Goya, Francisco 220
great art, according to Fry 214
Greenberg, Clement 5, 209, 270-72П13, 307П21,
308П40
Greuze, Jean-Baptiste 6, 7,154,166, 209, 213, 309П46
Grieg, Edvard, "Holberg Suite" 237
Groom, Gloria 183, 302П54
Gros, Antoine-Jean 29,64, 84
BonaparteVisiting the Plague-Stricken at Jaffa 61,
62
Napoleon Visiting the Battlefield of Eylau the
Morning after the Battle 61,62
Grossman, Allen, "The Passion of Laocoön" 99П
Guérin, Pierre-Narcisse 53, 64
Return of Marcus Sextus 82-3, 85
Guizot, François 14, 286П22
Gursky, Andreas 6, 254
Hamnett, Nina 307027
Hazlitt,William 305Ш0
Heidegger, Martin, The Fundamental Concepts of
Metaphysics 88-9
Henrich, Dieter 293П6
Henry, Michel 288П35
"hero-objects" 260/62
Herrmann, Bernard 227
high modernist aesthetic 6, 258
High Renaissance painting
from a Diderotian point of view 206
Fry on 206-8, 219
Hitchcock, Alfred, Vertigo 227
Höfer, Candida 255
Hoffmann, E.T. A. 262
Hofmann, Werner 141
Hölderlin, Friedrich 64
"Hälfte des Lebens" 101
Holocaust 225, 237, 240, 246-8
Homer, lliad 32
homosociality 300П40
Honour, Hugh 11
horses
Géricault's preoccupation with 53, 54-5, 56, 58,
65, 70-73, 86-8, 89-92, 99-100
replacement of humans by 89-92, 101
Huysmans, Joris-Karl 151, 159,160, 297Ш3, 305MO
idealism, idealist
in Caillebotte 185
in Impressionism 166
Impressionism
Cézanne and 210
idealism in 166
instantaneousness in 157
materialism and 166, 185
realism in 29-30,165,188-9
as self-consciously aesthetic 299П32
tension with absorption 167
Impressionist exhibitions 151, 152,153, 160,166,
301-2П49
Impressionists
brushwork 32
"core" 4,152,164
motifs 152-3,157,178
ocular realism of 164, 165,188, 189
significance of Manet for 29-30/32, 298П25
indeterminacy, reaction against 256-7
indexicality 255
Ingres, Jean-Auguste-Dominique 60
I N D E X З 2 3
instantaneousness 25, 157, 209, 258
intention, intentionality
causality transformed into 259, 260
in David 17-18, 50, 219
Demand's photographs as allegories of 254-5,
256, 311MI
divine 258
in Géricault 76-9
Kant on 6
new emphasis on 256-7
of the painter-beholder 81
sculpture compared with painting 255-6
structure of 12, 220
intertextuality, in Caillebotte 180
inwardness 14, 16, 36, 85, 132,167, 180
see also absorption, absorptive
Isabey, Jean-Baptiste 50
Italian art, Fry on 219
Jacobi, F. H. 119
Jacobins 35-6, 48
Jamar, Louis-Alexis 290П42
Japanese calligraphy 205, 220
Japanese woodcarvers 256
Jesuits 105
Johnson, Dorothy 18, 26,32,280П31
Journal des femmes 292П57
Judd, Donald 257
Kant, Immanuel
Critique of Judgment 6, 294П21
Critique of Pure Reason 119
Opus postumum 294П21
"What does it mean to orient oneself in thinking?"
119-20,136,146, 294Ш1
Kearsarge and Alabama (1864) 30
Kehlmann, Daniel 266
Kératry, A. de 26
Kleist, Heinrich von 64
Koch, Joseph Anton, The Schmadribach Waterfall 145,
147
Koerner, Joseph 111, 282П9, 294П20
Lacan, Jacques 277Ш3
Lajer-Burcharth, Ewa 46, 48, 283Ш2, 283П21
Lampe, Issa 26, 27-8
Landon, C. P. 79, 276ШО
landscape painting, in France 30/32
Laocoön and His Sons 99П, 99
laughter, Baudelaire on 262-3
Lawrence, Sir Thomas 29ОП44
Lebensztejn, Jean-Claude 33
Legros, Alphonse 166, 297Ш7
Ex-Voto 176
Le Souper 179, 180
Lehoux, Pierre-François 290П42
Lemaître, Frederick 291П47
Leonardo da Vinci 178, 207
Leopardi, Giacomo 64
Lermontov, Mikhail 64
Leroy, Ernest 29ОП42
Lessing, Gotthold Ephraim 119
Levitán, Avri see Gordon, Douglas: k.364
Literalism 6, 257, 258
literariness 104-5
"lived" perspective, Merleau-Ponty 180, 302П53
Locke, John 136
Lombard, Lambert 281П42
loop structure, in film 264-5
Louis, Morris 257
Louis XVI, King 18
Luke, Ben 244
MacMahon, Marshal 171
Macready, William Charles 291П47
Madonna and Child, sculpture, Burgundy 217-18,
218
Maine de Biran 85
male/female differentiation, in David 33-4, 88
Manet, Edouard
antitheatricality in 7, 154
as the chef de file of the Impressionists 298П25
compared with Géricault 86n
execution of paintings 29-30, 210
facingness in 25, 32,178, 298П25
Fry on 210
links with David 28, 63
radical questioning of the Diderotian enterprise 4,
24-5, 29, 30, 60, 158-9, 162, 165,
169-70, 205, 219
realism in 29-30
seascapes 30
self-portraits 42
significance of 29-30/32, 36,159, 298П25
"silence" of paintings 303П61
simplification in 29-30
324 I N D E X
[Manet, Edouard continued]
strikingness in 25
The Balcony 158,15p
Bar at the Folies-Bergère 304П65
Dead Christ with Angels 287П33
Déjeuner sur l'herbe 3, 21, 22, 38
G a r e S t . - L a z a r e 1 7 0 , i j o
The Luncheon in the Studio 179,180
The Old Musician 3, 21, 22, 25
Olympia 3, 21, 23, 28-9, 30,182, 280П31
The Rue de Mosnier with Flags 30ОП36
Self-Portrait with a Palette 191-2, zpz
The Surprised Nymph 25
Mantion, Jean-Rémy 282П8
Marat, Jean-Paul 47-8,48-50
see also David, Jacques-Louis: Marat at Flis Last
Breath
Marcus, Sharon 301П48
Marioni, Joseph 257
Marlet, Auguste 113,116,154,156,189
martyr, cult of the 49
Masaccio 206
materialism, materialist
in Caillebotte 164, 181-2,184,188,193
Impressionism 166,185
materialist world view 258
Matisse, Henri 4, 29, 205
Fry on 210, 216, 307П20, 307П27
Matthew Marks Gallery, New York 264
Mauron, Charles 208
Mauron, Marie 208
McCarthy, Tom, Remainder 312m 1
melodrama 105,199, 209
Melville, Stephen 156
Mendelssohn, Moses 119
Menzel, Adolph 281П43, 296Ш2
Balcony Room 125,123
Crown Prince Frederick Pays a Visit to the Painter
Pesne on His Scaffold at Rheinsberg 141,142
merging, in Courbet 24, 60, 79/81,116-17,118,154,
189
Merleau-Ponty, Maurice 164,180
Meurent, Victorine 170
Michaels,Walter Benn 257, 272-4П14, 312ml
Michel, Régis 65, 83,101
"Le Nom de Géricault" 84
Michelangelo
drawing praised 291П47
Fry on 207-8, 213
influence on Géricault 53, 65-6, 99
Jeremiah 206, 207, 213
Last Judgment 99
Michelet, Jules 65
Miel, E.-F. 28
Miller, Perry 258
Millet, Jean-François 23-4, 60, 154,166
The Gleaners 24
Minimalism 6, 257, 258
mirror-reversal 41-3, 50-51, 188-93
mise-en-scène 16, 18, 25, 64-5,166
model-making 251-2, 259
modernism 6,152, 240, 256, 257-8
Molière, Tartuffe 105
moment, fleetingness of the 231, 262, 264-5
Monet, Claude
beachscapes 30
as a "core" Impressionist 4,152,164
giving up of figure painting for landscapes 167
Greenberg on 308П40
landscapes 32
realism in 178/180
Le Déjeuner 30, 31, 180
La Grenouillère 163-4, r^3
Impression, soleil levant 299П27
study for Déjeuner sur l'herbe 30, 31
Women in the Garden 30, 31, 167
monomaniacs, Géricault's series of 57,101-2
Monteverdi, Claudio 235
Montfort, Antoine 57, 73, 81, 278Ш4, 290П42
Monthly Review 198
Moondoc, Jemeel 234
Moreau, Gustave 306Ш4
Morris, Robert 257
Morris, William 215
motion
directed 235, 236-7
stop-motion technology 251, 259, 265
movement, replication of in Demand 252, 259, 260
Mozart, Wolfgang Amadeus 247
"Sinfonia Concertante in E Flat Major" 225,
228-9, 234, 236, 237, 243, 244, 245
music
existence of 228-9
presentness in 234-6, 244-5
problems with theatricality in 227
qualities of 228-30
Mustapha, Géricault's servant 290П42
I N D E X 3 2 5
Napoleon 18, 9911
Napoleonic painting 18, 34-5, 61/63, 84
Napoleonic regime 18, 35, 106-9, 171
National Convention 48, 49, 50
nature, observation of 196-7
Neoclassicism 65
Neoimpressionism 152
Noland, Kenneth 257, 258
objet d'art, as precious 216
ocular realism, of the Impressionists 164,165,188,
189
Olitski, Jules 257, 258
orientation (left/right)
in Friedrich 120-25,126-42,143-5,146,147-9
Kant on 119-20
in Menzel 125
Ostrów, Saul 272Ш3
oubli de soi 176, 210
Pacific Sun (cruise ship) 251, 258-9, 259-60
see also Thomas Demand: Pacific Sun
paint handling 29-30, 125, 152
painter-beholder relationship
in Caillebotte 156-8, i;8
in Courbet 60, 113/115, 154/156
for Diderot 204-5
for Fry 205
intentionality of the 81
paintings as made to be be held 169
painting the artist into the painting 60, 79/81,
116-17, 118
pairs, pairing
Friedrich's pairing motif 111, 132-6
male/female in Poussin and Géricault 89-90
palette-hand see brush-hand, palette-hand
palettes, symbolism of 47-8
parallelism, in Géricault 70-71, 71-2
Pardo, Mary 302П50
Parreno, Philippe (and Douglas Gordon), Zidane:
A 21st Century Portrait 226
"pastoral" conception of painting 274Ш, 303П61,
3o6ni8
Pavarotti, Luciano 272Ш3
persons, absence of in Demand 260
perspective
in Caillebotte 156, 161-2, 163, 164, 180
in David 8/10-11
"lived" perspective 180, 302П53
in Uccello 211
photographic effect in paintings 20-21, 180
photography
Demand's use of 253-5, 256> 259, 260
tableau-scale art 257
Why Photography Matters (Fried) 6, 226, 253, 254,
256,257
physicality, in Géricault 67, 71, 84, 86-7
Picasso, Pablo 205
pictorial unity, conception of 208-9
picture surface
Caillebotte's handling of 169, 188
effect of chiaroscuro on 209
Manet's handling of 210
Pippin, Robert 311-12Ш i
Pissarro, Camille 164, 303П64
political caricature 106
political resonance
in Caillebotte 170-75,185-6
in David 17-18
in Géricault 92-4
of the "Medusa"incident 55
politics, extreme 35-6
poor in world, loss of world, Heidegger on 88-9
Post-Impressionism 201, 205
post-Kantian philosophers 118
Post-Modernism 6, 257
Poussin, Nicolas 78, 89-90, 206, 220
Baptism 305Ш2
The Israelites Gathering Manna 310П52
Testament of Eudamidas 11, 12, 65, 83, 93
presentness 234-40, 257-8, 259, 265
profile, privileging of 65
Promayet, Alphonse 113
psychology, of the artist 153,199, 210-11, 223
public acclaim, Bernini's desire for 200, 201
Racine, Jean, Iphigenie en Aulide 32
radicalize, radicalization 6, 210, 214
Raffaëlli, Jean-François 297Ш3
Raphael 53, 220, 291П47
Fry on 201-3, 204, 205, 207, 208
Galatea 3ЮП51
The Transfiguration 201-3, 202> 204з 205; 208
Ray, Charles 257
Hinoki 256
Untitled (Tractor) 256
326 I N D E X
realism
ín Caillebotte 156,164,165,166,167,178/80,185,
189,192
Duranty's advocacy of 176
in Géricault 69, 95
Impressionists and 29-30,165,188-9
in Manet 29-30
in Monet 178/180
in prose fiction 105,106-9
in Rembrandt 211-12
Realism, Courbet's see Courbet, Gustave
reflections, reflective glisten or dazzle 151,163-4,
178,180-82, 193, 298П20
religiosity, in El Greco 199
religious symbolism, in Friedrich 129,130-31, 149
Rembrandt van Rijn
Fry on 198, 210, 211-12, 213, 214, 216
Bathsheba 213, 304-9П3
[David Harping before Saul\ 213
A Schoolboy at His Desk (Titus at His Desk) 5,
211-12, 211, 212-13, 213, 214
Renoir, Auguste, Ball at the Moulin de la Galette
189
Republicanism, in France 171
Reynolds, Sir Joshua 305ШО
Self-Portrait 282П9
Ribot,Théodule 176
Richter, Adrien Ludwig, TheWatzmann 145,147
Rilke, Rainer Maria, "The Ninth Elegy" 251, 265
Rivière, Georges 301П43
Robespierre, Maximilien de 48, 49, 50
Romanticism 153
romanticism, of Géricault 4,64, 84-5,112
Roos, Jane Mayo 299-30ОП36
Rosen, Charles, The Classical Style 244
Rosenfeld, Ruth 225, 227
Rousseau,Théodore 30
Lettre à M. D'Alembert sur les spectacles 36, 277Ш3,
291П57
Roussel, Ker-Xavier 304П67
Rubens, Peter Paul 291П47
Little Last Judgment 99
Rubin, James H. 303П61
Rückenfigur
in Friedrich in, 118,120-28,134-6,139,148
see also figure seen from the rear
Ruff,Thomas 6, 253-4,259
Sagraves, Julia 299П34
"The Street" 171-2, 174-5.175. 176,177. 178,
182
Said, Edward 247
Saint-Fargeau, Louis-Michel le Peletier, marquis de
49-50
Saint-Just, Louis Antoine de 48
Sala, Anri 225, 257, 259
After Three Minutes 259
Long Sorrow 234, 259
Mixed Behaviour 259
Salons, Paris 13, 21, 28, 53, 55. 5§, 65, 73. 79
Sappho 19
Savignac, Alida de 292П57
Scaramuccia, Luigi 28ОП29
Schleiermacher, Friedrich 295П22
Schnapper, Antoine 279П22, 282ШО
sculpture, "Why Sculpture is Tiresome" (Baudelaire)
255-6
sea voyages, as transgressive of natural boundaries
267/9
self-portrait, right-angle, mirror-reversed 41-3.
50-51,188-93
self-portraits
by Caillebotte 42,188-93
by Caravaggio 42
by Carracci 41,42
by Courbet 113,154, 188, 189
by David 41,43/45-8, 50-51,188
by Dürer 282П9
by Fantin-Latour 188,189, 191
by Manet 191-2
by Reynolds 282П9
sentimental art, Fry on 199, 200, 221
Seurat, Georges 30,152,186, 214
Young Woman Powdering Herself 2x4, 21 g
sexuality
in Caillebotte 182-5
in David 26
in Géricault 65, 68, 84
Shaftesbury, Anthony Ashley Cooper, 3rd Earl of
305ШО
Shakespeare, William, King Lear 235-6
Shiff, Richard 298П26, 298-9П27
Shiloah, Roi see Gordon, Douglas: k.364
Sickert, Walter 210, 215
Siegfried, Susan 21, 279П22
signatures, Courbet's and Caillebotte's compared
164-5,165
I N D E X З 2 7
silence
in music 228, 231-2
of still lifes 185
Silvestre, Armand 298-9П27
simplification, in Manet 29-30
Sisley, Alfred 164
"slapstick" 255, 258
Smith, David 257, 258
Smith,Tony 257
social identification
of Caillebotte 171
of Géricault 92-4,101-2, 106
soundtracks
for Feature Film (Gordon) 227-8
for Long Sorrow (Sala) 234
for Pacific Sun (Demand) 253, 261, 266-7
see also Gordon, Douglas: k.364
spatial relations 32,164,180, 204, 294Ш4, 302П53
spectacles, Lettre à M. D'Alembert sur les spectacles
(Rousseau) 36, 277Ш3, 292П57
Spinoza controversy 119
spirituality
in Friedrich 141
in Rembrandt 211, 212, 213
Stein, Gertrude 312м 5
"Pictures" 309П41
"Plays" зюпб
Stella, Frank 257
Stendhal 14
Le Rouge et le noir 289П57
still lifes
by Caillebotte 185-6
by Cézanne /94, 220-21
stop-motion technology 251, 259, 265
strikingness 25, 60, 297Ш7
Struth, Thomas 6, 254
subjectivity
in Friedrich 125, 131,136
in Géricault 72, 89, 101
Kant on 119,120,122
tableau
in art photography 257
in David 8/10-11
Diderot's concept of 36, 59, 222
as a dramaturgical and theoretical instrument 204,
214
Géricault's failure to paint 57, 70-72
lateral coherence of 21, 77
in Poussin 12
as theatrical by nature 64
Talma, François-Joseph 286П22
temporality 14,157, 173,182,188, 257-9
see also instantaneousness
Thaïes of Miletus 269
theater
as the antithesis of drama 204-5
in High Renaissance painting 206
painting as 37
worldhood as 85
theatricality, theatrical
acceptance of 61
in Caillebotte 192
concept of 8
Courbet's issues with 154
critiqued by Diderot 61
in David 14,16,19-21, 36, 61, 63
in Del Sarto 206-7
in Delacroix 59-60
Géricault's issues with 68
in Gros 61
Huysmans's dislike of 297Ш3
in Minimalist/Literalist art 257
necessity of in the early 1790s 17-18
problems with in music 227
in prose fiction 105,106-9
in Raphael 203
Tintoretto, il (Jacopo Robusti) 222
Tolstoy, Leo, What is Art? 201, 213
transparence
David's "transparent" ideal 36
in Friedrich 125
Turner, J. M. W. 220
Ucello, Paolo 211
Ugolino, in Dante's Inferno 287П29
umbrellas, significance of 175, 176-7
unconscious, almost unconscious 209-11, 215-16
unity, pictorial, conception of 208-9
uprightness
in Friedrich 126,129, 131, 134,136, 139, 141,
147-8
see also centered, centering
Van Gogh, Vincent 187, 205, 214, 308П40
Van Guffel, M. 32
328 I N D E X
Van Loo, Carle 7
Varnedoe,Kirk 151, 153, 168, 180, 183, 296ml,
297Ш6, 301П45, 302П51, 302П62
Vemet, Carle 53, 290П41
Vernet, Claude-Joseph 269П
The Shipwreck 269П, 26g
Vernet, Horace (son of Carle) 55, 56, 286П20
Vernet, Joseph 7
Veronese,Paolo 291П47
Vien, Joseph-Marie 7, 109
virility, in Géricault 84
Walker, James Faure 307П21
Wall, Jeff 6, 257
Wey, Francis 116
Whistler, James McNeill 42, 188
Vauxhall Bridge 299П30
Whitney, Wheelock 73
Géricault in Italy 57-8
Wittgenstein, Ludwig viii, 240-42
Culture and Value 245-6
and expression, expressiveness 245-6
and faces 245-6
Wolfe, Edward 307П27
Wölfflin, Heinrich, The Art of the Italian Renaissance
206, 306Ш4
world-poverty, Heidegger on 88-9
world view, materialist 258
world, worldhood
in Balzac 105-6, 106-9
in David 27-8, 39, 85
in Géricault 85-6, 88-102
Heidegger on 88-9
necessity of for Diderotian aims 105
Youssapoff, Count 19
YouTube 251
Zidane, Zinedine 226-7, 23°